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  • 1995-1999  (7)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1996  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 522-524 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new technique for synthesizing small batches of oxide-based ceramic and glass materials from high purity powders is described. The method uses continuous wave CO2 laser beam heating of material held on a water-cooled copper hearth. Contamination which would normally result during crucible melting is eliminated. Details of the technique are presented, and its operation and use are illustrated by results obtained in melting experiments with a-aluminum oxide, Y–Ba–Cu–O superconductor material, and the mixtures, Al2O3–SiO2, Bi2O3–B2O3, Bi2O3–CuO. Specimen masses were 0.05–1.5 g. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 4971-4975 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hydrogen incorporation in silicon layers prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition using silane dilution by hydrogen has been studied by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA). The large range of silane dilution investigated can be divided into an amorphous and a microcrystalline zone. These two zones are separated by a narrow transition zone at a dilution level of 7.5%; here, the structure of the material cannot be clearly identified. The films in/near the amorphous/microcrystalline transition zone show a considerably enhanced hydrogen incorporation. Moreover, comparison of IR and ERDA and film stress measurements suggests that these layers contain a substantial amount of molecular hydrogen probably trapped in microvoids. In this particular case the determination of the total H content by IR spectroscopy leads to substantial errors. At silane concentrations below 6%, the hydrogen content decreases sharply and the material becomes progressively microcrystalline. The features observed in the IR-absorption modes can be clearly assigned to mono- and/or dihydride bonds on (100) and (111) surfaces in silicon crystallites. The measurements presented here constitute a further indication for the validity of the proportionality constant of Shanks et al. [Phys. Status Solidi B 110, 43 (1980)], generally used to estimate the hydrogen content in "conventional'' amorphous silicon films from IR spectroscopy; additionally, they indicate that this proportionality constant is also valid for the microcrystalline samples. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6943-6946 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The photoluminescence spectra of crystalline silicon samples are measured for temperatures below 1000 K. The optical transitions are analyzed in terms of excitonic and band-to-band transitions. From the modeling of the line shape we are able to determine the fundamental indirect band gap for temperatures up to 750 K. The temperature dependence follows the Varshni equation with Eg(0)=1.1692 eV, α=(4.9±0.2)×10−4 eV/K and β=(655±40) K. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Both genetic and environmental influences have been suggested to control the immunoglobulin (Ig)E response to allergens and, as a result, provide susceptibility to atopic disease. Two recent reports suggested that a major gene controlling basal IgE levels in humans was transmitted in a pattern consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance and was located on the long arm of chromosome 5 in the interleukin (IL)-4 gene complex.Objective The purpose of this report is to evaluate evidence for linkage of IgE with polymorphic genetic markers in the candidate region of 5q in four large pedigrees originally selected for studies of atopy.Method Four large, highly characterized pedigrees in which IgE levels had been determined and genotypes at markers in the 5q candidate region were evaluated using both lod score and sib pair methods of analysis.Results In these pedigrees, we reject close to moderate hnkage (up to 5 cM) of an IgE locus with markers on 5q.Conclusion The genetic aspects of IgE regulation and its role in atopy remain controversial. The data suggest that should major genes be involved in the inheritance of atopy susceptibility, they are likely to be multiple in number and likely to involve interaction with other (exogenous) environmental exposures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Neutral networks ; Random graphs ; RNA secondary structures ; Zipf's law
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die globalen Benziehungen zwischen RNA-Sequenzen und Sekundärstrukturen werden als Abbildungen aus einem Raum aller Sequenzen in einen Raum aller Strukturen aufgefaßt. Diese Abbildungen werden durch Falten aller binären Sequenzen desGC-undAU-Alphabets mit Kettenlängen bis zun=30 untersucht. Die berechneten Strukturdaten werden durch vollständiges Abzählen ausgewertet und als eine exakte Referenz zum Überprüfen analytischer Resultate aus mathematischen Modellen sowie zum Testen statistisch erhobener Proben verwendet. Einige neuartige Konzepte zur Beschreibung der Beziehungen zwischen Sequenzen und Strukturen werden eingehend untersucht, unter ihnen der Begriff derneutralen Netzwerke. Ein neutrales Netzwerk besteht aus allen Sequenzen, die eine bestimmte Struktur ausbilden. Vollständiges Abzählen ermöglicht beispielsweise die Bestimmung aller Strukturen minimaler freier Energie in Abhängigkeit von der Kettenlänge ebenso wie die Bestimmung der Häufigkeitsverteilungen der Strukturen bei konstanten Kettenlängen. Die letzteren folgen einer verallgemeinerten FormZipfschen Gesetzes.
    Notes: Summary Global relations between RNA sequences and secondary structures are understood as mappings from sequence space into shape space. These mappings are investigated by exhaustive folding of allGC andAU sequences with chain lengths up to 30. The computed structural data are evaluated through exhaustive enumeration and used as an exact reference for testing analytical results derived from mathematical models and sampling based on statistical methods. Several new concepts of RNA sequence to secondary structure mappings are investigated, among them that ofneutral networks (being sets of sequences folding into the same structure). Exhaustive enumeration allows to test several previously suggested relations: the number of (minimum free energy) secondary structures as a function of the chain length as well as the frequency distribution of structures at constant chain length (commonly resulting in generalized forms ofZipf's law).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Neutral networks ; Percolation of sequence space ; RNA folding ; RNA secondary structures ; Shape space covering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Beziehungen zwischen RNA-Sequenzen und ihren Sekundärstrukturen werden durch vollständiges Falten allerGC- undAU-Sequenzen mit Kettenlängen bis zun=30 untersucht. Die aus der Informatik bekannte Technik derTries wird zur ökonomischen Datenspeicherung und für rasches Retrieval der gespeicherten Information angewendet. Die berechneten Strukturdaten werden durch vollständiges Abzählen ausgewertet. Sie dienen unter anderem als eine exakte Referenz zum Testen analytischer Resultate aus mathematischen Modellen sowie zur Überprüfung der Ergebnisse statistischer Probennahmen. Verschiedene neuartige Konzepte zur Behandlung der Zusammenhänge zwischen RNA-Sequenzen und Sekundärstrukturen wurden anhand der gewonnenen Daten eingehend untersucht. Unter ihnen befinden sich die Struktur derneutralen Netzwerke (die Gesamtheit der RNA-Sequenzen, die eine bestimmte Struktur ausbilden), diePerkolation des Sequenzraumes durch neutrale Netzwerke sowie das Prinzip derErfassung des Strukturraumes durch einen kleinen Ausschnitt des Sequenzraumes. Die durch vollständiges Abzählen erhaltenen Daten werden mit den analytischen Ergebnissen eines auf der Theorie der Zufallsgraphen aufbauenden Modells verglichen. Dieses Modell gibt die generischen Eigenschaften von Sequenz-Struktur-Relationen wieder, welche lediglich aus der Existenz einer Paarungslogik resultieren. Differenzen zwischen den numerischen und den analytischen Resultaten können als Konsequenzen der spezifischen biophysikalischen Eigenschaften von RNA-Molekülen interpretiert werden.
    Notes: Summary The relations between RNA sequences and secondary structures are investigated by exhaustive folding of allGC andAU sequences with chain lengths up to 30. The technique oftries is used for economic data storage and fast retrieval of information. The computed structural data are evaluated through exhaustive enumeration and used as an exact reference for testing analytical results derived from mathematical models and sampling based on statistical methods. Several new concepts of RNA sequence to secondary structure mappings are investigated, among them the structure ofneutral networks (being sets of RNA sequences folding into the same structure),percolation of sequence space by neutral networks, and the principle ofshape space covering. The data of exhaustive enumeration are compared to the analytical results of arandom graph model that reveals the generic properties of sequence to structure mappings based on some base pairing logic. The differences between the numerical and the analytical results are interpreted in terms of specific biophysical properties of RNA molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 126 (1996), S. 655-661 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During the summer of 1995, we investigated the response of mud crab megalopae (Panopeus herbstii Milne-Edwards) to cues associated with adult habitat. Natural rock/shell substratum and the rock-associated seaweed, Fucus vesiculosus L., both induced metamorphosis of competent megalopae; natural sand substratum did not induce metamorphosis. Structural mimics of preferred substrata induced metamorphosis only when covered with natural biofilm. Clean mimics did not induce metamorphosis. Water-soluble exudates from preferred substrata showed weak induction of metamorphosis. Exudates from adult P. herbstii elicited a similar weak response. Exudates from another species of crab and from two fish predators did not induce metamorphosis. We conclude that water-soluble cues associated with major components of preferred adult habitat induce the metamorphic molt of P. herbstii megalopae. The three-dimensional structure of the substratum is not important in induction of metamorphosis, but the biofilm associated with preferred substratum plays a critical role. It is not clear whether the biofilm produces the water-soluble cue or simply provides a tactile stimulus that works in conjunction with the soluble cue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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