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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of Coulomb blockade and tunability by multidot coupling in a silicon-on-insulator-based single-electron transistor (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 566-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A dual-gate-controlled single-electron transistor with coupled dot geometry has been fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator structure. Coupled dots are defined by tunable gates which are designed to separately control the tunneling potential barriers to compensate for disorder due to size fluctuation in quantum dots. The Coulomb-blockade phenomena observed in linear and nonlinear transport regimes were found to be enhanced by the multidot coupling. The Coulomb staircase (nonlinear effect) appears more clearly with the increasing number of coupled dots, indicating definite suppression of the inevitable cotunneling process. In the linear regime, the frequency of Coulomb oscillation was able to be tuned by changing the interdot coupling strength. These results indicate that enhancement of the Coulomb blockade and tunability can be achieved through replacing the traditional single dot by gate-controlled multidots in future single-electron devices. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124443
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of the series-specific random amplified polymorphic DNA markers of Viola species (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 117 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Although many Viola species are grown as ornamentals, no information on molecular markers is available for the classification and breeding of Viola. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was applied to identify series-specific molecular markers from the series Pinnatae, Chinensis, and Variegatae of Viola species in the subsection Patellares. We report eight RAPD markers which can be used to distinguish three different series of Viola species based on morphological characters. The eight RAPD markers we identified could be useful to classify Viola species and to assist the hybrid breeding of new varieties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1998.tb01945.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geochemistry and mineralization age of magnesian skarn-type iron deposits of the Janggun mine, Republic of Korea (1998)
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 33 (1998), S. 379-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Janggun iron deposits, Republic of␣Korea, occur as lens-shaped magnesian skarn, magnetite and base-metal sulfide orebodies developed in the Cambrian Janggun Limestone Formation. Mineralization stage of the deposits can be divided into two separate events. The skarn stage (107 Ma) consists of magnetite, pyrrhotite, base-metal sulfides, carbonates and magnesian skarn minerals. The hydrothermal stage (70 Ma) consists of base-metal sulfides, native bismuth, bismuthinite, tetrahedrite, boulangerite, bournonite and stannite. Mineral assemblages, chemical compositions and thermodynamic considerations indicate that formation temperatures, −log fs2 and −log fo2 values of ore fluids from the skarn stage were 433 to 345 °C, 8.1 to 9.7 bar and 29.4 to 31.6 bar, and the hydrothermal stage was 245 to 315 °C, 10.4 to 13.2 bar and 33.6 to 35.4 bar, respectively. Thermochemical considerations indicate that the XCO2 during magnesian skarnization ranged from 0.06 to 0.09, and the activity of H+ presumably decreased when the fluids equilibrated with host dolomitic limestone which resulted in a pH change from about 6.1 to 7.8, and decreases in fo2 and fs2. The δ34S values of ore sulfides have a wide range from 3.2 to 11.6 ‰ (CDT). Calculated 34SH2 S values of ore fluids are 2.9 to 5.4 ‰ (skarn stage) and 8.7 to 13.5 ‰ (hydrothermal stage). These are interpreted to represent an initial deep-seated, igneous source of sulfur which gave way to influence of oxidized sedimentary sulfur to hydrothermal stage. The δ13C values of carbonates in ores range from −4.6 to −2.5 ‰ (PDB). It is likely that carbon in the ore fluids was a mixture of deep-seated magmatic carbon and dissolved carbon of dolomitic limestone. The δ18OH2 O and δD values (SMOW) of water in the ore fluids were 14.7 to 1.8 and −85 to −73 ‰ during the skarn stage and 11.1 to −0.2 and −87 to −80 ‰ in the hydrothermal stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001260050156
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorophyll fluorescence assay for kanamycin resistance screening in transgenic plants (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 17 (1998), S. 189-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Chlorophyll fluorescence ; Kanamycin resistance screening ; Tobacco ; Arabidopsis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The applicability of a chlorophyll fluorescence assay for kanamycin (Km) resistance screening in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and Arabidopsis thaliana plants was investigated. In wild-type leaves incubated in the presence of 200 mg/l Km, a decrease in maximum variable fluorescence ((Fv)m) and a significant increase in constant fluorescence (Fo) were observed. Using (Fv)m/Fo as a screening parameter, we were able to distinguish Km-treated samples from untreated samples within 4 days. This parameter was applied to Km resistance screening using tobacco plants transformed with the nptII gene via Agrobacterium. Among 74 shoots selected on medium containing 200 mg/l Km, 37 plants were scored as Km sensitive by the chlorophyll fluorescence assay. These 74 scorings proved to be accurate, as reconfirmed by (1) polymerase chain reaction amplification of the transgene, (2) enzymatic assay of neomycin phosphotransferase and (3) leaf disc assay. Using the chlorophyll fluorescence assay, we could also screen 3-week old Arabidopsis plants carrying the nptII gene. These results clearly demonstrate the reliability and efficiency of this nondestructive assay for Km resistance screening of transgenic plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050376
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Situ Fixed-Angle X-ray Reflectivity Measurement of Thin-Film Roughness and Thickness during Deposition (1998)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 31 (1998), S. 181-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: X-ray reflectivity was used to measure in situ the surface roughness and thickness of a thin film during thin-film growth. In this experiment, the sample and detector positions were held at fixed angles. An oscillating reflectivity intensity as a function of time was observed as the film thickness grew. The oscillation amplitude was damped as the surface roughness increased. Surface roughness as a function of time can be determined by analyzing the profile of oscillation intensity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188989700928X
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous variability of arterial oxygenation in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients (1999)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 25 (1999), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Spontaneous variability ; Mechanical ventilation ; Arterial oxygenation ; Positive end-expiratory pressure ; Inverse ratio ventilation ; Venous admixture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To assess the magnitude of spontaneous variability of arterial oxygenation and oxygen tension-based indices over time in medical intensive care unit (ICU) patients and to study whether high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) or inverse inspiratory-to-expiratory (I:E) ratio ventilation (IRV) results in a greater variability than low PEEP with conventiona l I:E ratio ventilation. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Medical ICU in a tertiary medical center. Participants: 23 patients requiring a pulmonary artery floating catheter for hemodynamic monitoring. Intervention: After being completely sedated, patients were randomized to receive pressure-control ventilation at setting A: high PEEP (15 cmH2O) with conventional I:E ratio (1:2) and setting B: inverse I:E ratio (2:1) with low PEEP (5 cmH2O) alternately, and then at setting C: low PEEP (5 cmH2O) with conventional I:E ratio (1:2). Each ventilation setting lasted 1 h. Measurements and results: The arterial and mixed venous blood samples were measured simultaneously at baseline (time 0), and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min thereafter. The coefficient of variation (CV) of arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) over time was 5.9 % for setting A, 7.2 % for setting B, and 6.9 % for setting C. ANOVA showed no significant differences in CVs of PaO2 between the three settings. Oxygen tension-based indices, alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-aDO2) and PaO2/PAO2 (alveolar oxygen tension), displayed CV s equal to that of PaO2; the CV of A-aDO2/PaO2 was significantly greater than that of PaO2. Conclusions: In critically ill medical ICU patients, despite sedation, the spontaneous variability in PaO2 over time is substantial. A high PEEP or IRV does not contribute to the increased variation in PaO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050784
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusual Photon Energy Dependence of the Cooper Pair Breaking Rate in YBa2Cu3O7−δ Epitaxial Thin Films (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 12 (1999), S. 675-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: YBCO ; Cooper pair ; thin films ; ultrafast phenomena
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The transient photoimpedance response of epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films has been studied using 100 fs Ti:Sapphire laser pulse excitation. Both temperature and photon energy dependence of the fast optical response signal (whose temperature dependence can be explained by a kinetic inductance model involving Cooper pair breaking) were studied. The pair breaking rate is strongly photon energy-dependent, with a resonance around 1.5 eV with a width of only 100 meV, which is very surprising given the strong electron correlation in this metallic system and may be explained in terms of the stripe phase model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007708304186
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effect of Heating Rate on the Reactive Sintering of Ti-48%Al Elemental Powder Mixture (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 17 (1998), S. 1367-1370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026412009992
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of a Copper Coating Layer on an Alumina Substrate (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 18 (1999), S. 571-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006695015700
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternations of surface antigens on leukocytes after severe injury: correlation with infectious complications (1998)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 24 (1998), S. 152-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Polymorphonuclear cells ; Mononuclear cells ; CD11b ; CD16 ; CD25 ; Trauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To investigate the alternations of surface antigens of leukocytes after severe injury and the correlation with clinical outcome. Setting: Emergency Department and Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital. Patients: Patients with severe trauma (injury severity score 〉 16) were enrolled. Those who were transferred or had critical injuries were excluded. Measurements and results: Polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and mononuclear cells (MN) were isolated from patients on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day following injury. The mean fluorescent expressions of CD11b and CD16 of PMN, and CD25 of MN were measured and compared with those obtained from paralleled controls. Sixteen injured patients were included. The CD11b expressions of PMN increased on the 1st day and were still high on the 7th day. The CD16 expressions decreased on the 1st day and CD25 decreased on the 3rd day; both were still low on the 7th day. Six patients developed infectious complications. CD11b expression remained high and CD16 expression remained low on three measurements of the infectious patients, whereas both expressions recovered on the last measurement of non-infectious patients. CD25 expression remained low in both groups. Three infectious patients with pneumonia died from mutiple organ failure. Conclusion: Phenotypic alternations of leukocytes develop early after severe injury. The alternations may represent a state of activation of PMN and subsequent suppression of IL-2 related immunity. Persistent activation of PMN with enhanced CD11b and attenuated CD16 expression indicates the development of infectious complications and a poor prognosis can be anticipated if the infectious sites can not be controlled early.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050537
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