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  • 1995-1999  (30)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1998  (30)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cinitapride on gastric ulceration and secretion in rats (1998)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 47 (1998), S. 131-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Cinitapride — 5-hydroxytryptamine — Gastric ulceration — Neutrophils — Oxygen free radicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of cinitapride, a novel prokinetic benzamide-stimulating gastrointestinal motility agent, on gastric secretion and ulceration in rats and elucidate some possible vascular and anti-oxidant mechanisms of such protection.¶Material: Male Wistar rats.¶Treatment: Cinitapride (CNT, Lab. Almirall, S.A.) (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) (10 mg/kg), administered intraperitoneally (i.p.).¶Methods: Gastric ulceration was induced by instillation of 1 mL/100 g animal of 50% (v/v) ethanol in distilled water and by pylorus-ligated rat model. Gastric microvascular changes, and the activity of myeloperoxidase (as a marker of neutrophil infiltration) and glutathione peroxidase (an important enzyme in scavenging of lipid peroxides) were determined. The results were compared with those of 5-HT. The data were evaluated using Student’s t-test for paired data and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test.¶Results: In 4 h pyloric-ligated animals, i.p. CNT did not significantly reduce the incidence of gastric mucosal damage, and no significant differences were found in the values of total volume and acidity. However, CNT caused a marked and dose-dependent reduction of haemorrhagic lesions induced by 50% v/v ethanol. These protective effects were specifically related to a reduction of neutrophil infiltration. CNT at the dose of 1 mg/kg raised the decreased glutathione peroxidase activity to the control level. In contrast, pretreatment with 5-HT worsened the ethanol-induced erosions, but did not significantly induce any gastric microvascular changes. However, the myeloperoxidase activity rose markedly and the glutathione peroxidase levels decreased significantly in the mucosa injured by 50% v/v ethanol.¶Conclusions: This study demonstrates a new gastroprotective feature of CNT that could be partly explained not only through reduction of neutrophil toxicity but also by an increased synthesis of free-radical scavenging enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, it is likely that serotonergic-dependent mechanisms are also involved via 5-HT2-receptor blockade and 5-HT1 receptor activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050301
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of significant volatile components of pacharán (1998)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 206 (1998), S. 414-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1431-4630
    Keywords: Key words Pacharán ; Mass spectrometry-gas chromatography ; Volatile compounds quantification ; Prunus spinosa L. ; Anise beverage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Pacharán is a traditional drink from Navarra (Spain). This liqueur is obtained by maceration of sloe berries (Prunus spinosa L.) with aqueous ethanol and subsequent addition of sugar and essential oils of anise (Pimpinella anisum L. or Illicium verum H.). The following volatile components of pacharán were identified and quantified: cis-anethol; trans-anethol; anisaldehyde; benzaldehyde; benzyl alcohol; γ-butyrolactone; 1,1-diethoxyethane; ethyl benzoate; ethyl lactate; diethyl malate (hydroxybutanedioic acid diethyl ester); estragol (methyl chavicol); eugenol [2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-phenol]; 2-furaldehyde; linalool; cis-3-hexen-1-ol; (4-methoxyphenyl)propanone; 2-phenylethanol and vanillin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002170050284
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low Bone Density with Normal Bone Turnover in Ovariectomized and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 62 (1998), S. 260-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Diabetes — Ovariectomy — Bone mineral density — Bone markers — Rat.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Diabetes and estrogen deficit are known causes of osteopenia, diabetes being associated with a low bone turnover and estrogen deficit with a high bone turnover. In the present work, we studied the effect of combined ovariectomy and diabetes on bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) and several bone markers in the rat. Four groups of rats were studied: control (C), ovariectomized (O), diabetic (D), and ovariectomized and diabetic (DO). Twelve weeks after starting the experiments, BMC and BMD of the first six lumbar vertebrae were measured; a bone formation marker (BGP) and a bone resorption marker (free collagen cross-links, PYD) were also analyzed. Diabetic rats showed diminished gain in bone mass, BMC (D: 0.417 ± 0.028 g, DO: 0.422 ± 0.020 g) and BMDs (D: 0.171 ± 0.006 g/cm2, DO: 0.174 ± 0.006 g/cm2) both being significantly (P 〈 0.001) lower than those of control (C: BMC 0.727 ± 0.024 g and BMD 0.258 ± 0.004 g/cm2) and ovariectomized (O: BMC 0.640 ± 0.044 g and BMD 0.240 ± 0.009 g/cm2) groups. Moreover, the BMC and BMD of the C group were significantly (P 〈 0.05) higher than that of the O group. BGP and PYD levels were significantly (P 〈 0.01) higher in the O group (BGP: 138.2 ± 16.8 ng/ml, PYD: 270.2 ± 17.8 nM/mM) than those found in the control rats (BGP: 44.7 ± 4.8 ng/ml, PYD: 165.6 ± 12.5 nM/mM); the D group showed significantly (P 〈 0.01) lower values (BGP: 27.4 ± 14.6 ng/ml, PYD: 55.0 ± 7.4 nM/mM) than those of the control group. The DO group showed similar levels (BGP: 43.4 ± 5.1 ng/ml, PYD: 146.7 ± 14.6 nM/mM) to those found in the C group. Although bone marker levels in the O and D groups were in accordance with those expected in these situations, in the DO group the corresponding levels are apparently ``normal.'' Also, the decrease of gain in bone mass observed after combining estrogen deficit and diabetes (DO group) did not seem to be more marked than that caused by diabetes alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900427
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuraminidase injected into the cerebrospinal fluid impairs the assembly of the glycoproteins secreted by the subcommissural organ preventing the formation of Reissner’s fiber (1998)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 109 (1998), S. 391-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Neuraminidase was injected into the cerebrospinal fluid of normal rats to investigate the assembly and fate of the desialylated Reissner’s fiber glycoproteins. It was established that a single injection of neuraminidase cleaved the sialic acid residues of the Reissner’s fiber glycoproteins that had been assembled before the injection, and of the molecules that were released over a period of at least 4 h after the injection. These desialylated glycoproteins underwent an abnormal assembly that led to the formation of spheres instead of a fiber. The number of these spheres increased during the 4-h period following the injection, indicating that neuraminidase did not prevent the secretion of the Reissner’s fiber glycoproteins into the cerebrospinal fluid. The spheres remained attached to the surface of the subcommissural organ and became intermingled with infiltrating cells, many of which were immunocytochemically identified as macrophages. The latter were seen to contain immunoreactive Reissner’s fiber material. It is concluded that the desialylated Reissner’s fiber glycoproteins forming the spheres underwent an in situ degradation by macrophages, thus resembling the normal process undergone by the Reissner’s fiber glycoproteins reaching the massa caudalis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050240
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acclimation of Cyanobacterial Communities in Rice Fields and Response of Nitrogenase Activity to Light Regime (1998)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 35 (1998), S. 147-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The short-term and long-term effects of light regime on nitrogenase activity (NA) and cyanobacterial communities in rice fields (Valencia, Spain) were examined. Daily variation in nitrogen fixation was measured during three periods of the crop cycle: tillering (formation of secondary stems in the rice plants), heading (formation of reproductive structures), and maturity. Two locations were examined over two consecutive years (1994 and 1995). Despite differences in the crop-cycle periods, location, and year, a consistent pattern of nitrogen fixation was observed, with a main activity peak in the morning and another in the late evening. Short-term experiments, performed on two cyanobacterial blooms (Nostoc sp. and Anabaena sp.) exposed to natural light under plant canopy (7% incidence irradiance), and to different light intensities under neutral density screens without plant cover (full sunlight, 43%, 26%, and 13% of incident irradiance), indicated that nitrogenase activity (NA) was dependent on both light intensity and quality. In long-term experiments, where natural communities of cyanobacteria were exposed to one month of different light intensities, changes in the species composition of the three main genera of heterocystous cyanobacteria (Nostoc, Anabaena, and Calothrix) were observed. The light intensity at which communities were exposed for one month became the optimum irradiance for NA for each cyanobacterial community. Assays performed at higher or lower irradiances showed lower NA. Nitrogen fixation followed a pattern of seasonal variation along the crop cycle. Values were low at the beginning of the crop (May), reached a maximum value at the end of the tillering stage (June), and declined thereafter until the end of the cultivation cycle (September).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002489900069
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Results of the PHLEFI Study (PHLEbothrombosis-FIbrinolytic therapy): A prospective, multicenter study of the fate of 1498 patients receiving fibrinolytic therapy for deep vein thrombosis (1998)
    Springer
    The international journal of angiology 7 (1998), S. 68-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-5939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fibrinolytic therapy for DVT has not gained universal acceptance. A notable percentage of DVTs in Germany are treated by clot-dissolving methods. This is in contrast to clinical practice in the United States where fibrinolytic treatment for DVT is virtually unknown. It is unique in modern medicine that such a frequent disease is treated so differently on a national basis. The PHLEFI Study is a multicenter, prospective trial on the fate of 1498 patients receiving different forms of fibrinolytic therapy for DVT (ultrahigh streptokinase and urokinase short-term therapy, streptokinase, urokinase, and rt-PA long-term infusions, locoregional and sequential therapies). Interest focused primarily on side-effects such as cerebral bleeding and fatal pulmonary embolism as well as on the clinical outcome in terms of revascularization. The major factor for the rate of cerebral bleeding under fibrinolytic therapy was the age of the patient (0.355% bleeding in patients under and 2.03% in patients over 50 years). The major factor for pulmonary embolism was the site of the thrombosis (2.16% with iliac, 0.701% with femoral, none with popliteal, calf and subclavian vein thromboses). Use of a temporary caval filter during lysis therapy eliminated fatal pulmonary embolism. Results of lytic therapy were stated as complete, partial, and no clearance. The outcome was dependent on the thrombus age and the medication used. The highest clearance rate achieved was 50% in patients treated with short-term ultrahigh streptokinase therapy and a history of up to three days. Fibrinolytic therapy for DVT is a reliable means of achieving revascularization. The above data may enable the physician to balance the usefulness of this therapeutic method against the risk of its side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01616281
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das modulare Gedächtnistraining für ältere Erwachsene: Konzeption und Erprobung (1998)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Gerontologie + Geriatrie 31 (1998), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-281X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Gedächtnistraining – Intervention – Alltag – Evaluation ; Key words Memory training – intervention – everyday memory – evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We present a modular concept of a cognitive training relevant to the demands of everyday life of community dwelling older adults. The concept has three major advantages. First, it takes into account the current performance levels and needs of the trainees. Second, the training is economical in aiming at selecting the most effective training elements. Third, the concept allows the evaluation of single elements of the training. The application of this concept points at the importance of training content being relevant to trainees' everyday lives. Results indicate that training effectiveness depends on the starting level of performance and the cognitive domain being trained. Overall, the results demonstrate the possibility to maximize training gains of older adults by designing adequate trainings for welldefined subgroups of normal older adults.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine umfassende, modular aufgebaute Konzeption für ein alltagsrelevantes Training kognitiver Fähigkeiten vorgestellt, die die Ausgangsleistung und Bedürfnisse der Trainierten berücksichtigt, ökonomisch in der Durchführung ist sowie eine Evaluierung der Wirksamkeit einzelner Trainingselemente erlaubt. Die vorgestellte Umsetzung und Erprobung des Konzepts weist auf die Bedeutung der Alltagsnähe von Trainingsinhalten hin und belegt Unterschiede in der Wirksamkeit der Trainingselemente in Abhängigkeit von der Ausgangsleistung der Teilnehmer und der trainierten Domäne. Die Ergebnisse untermauern die Möglichkeit, durch die Definition von Subpopulationen normaler älterer Erwachsener und eine jeweils angepaßte Zusammenstellung von Trainingsinhalten die Trainingseffekte zu maximieren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003910050024
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energetic and Morphological Plasticity of C6 Glioma Cells Grown on 3-D Support; Effect of Transient Glutamine Deprivation (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 30 (1998), S. 565-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: C6 glioma ; plasticity ; respiration ; glucose metabolism ; glutamine ; microcarrier
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The energetic metabolism of rat C6 glioma cells has been investigated as a function of the proliferative and differentiation states under three-dimensional (3-D) growing conditions on microcarrier beads. First, the transient deprivation of glutamine from the culture medium induced a marked decrease in the growth rate and a differentiation of C6 cells through the oligodendrocytic phenotype. Second, the respiratory capacity of the C6 cells during short-term subcultures with or without glutamine continuously declined as a function of the cell density, in part due to the mitochondrial content decrease. During the transition from the early exponential to the plateau growth phase in glutamine-containing medium, the oxygen consumption rate per single cell decreased concomitantly with a decrease in the glucose consumption and lactate production rates. This phenomenon led to a sixfold decrease in the total ATP production flux, without significantly affecting the cellular ATP/ADP ratio, thus indicating that some ATP-consuming processes were simultaneously suppressed during C6 proliferation. In glutamine-free medium, the cellular ATP/ADP ratio transiently increased due to growth arrest and to a reduced ATP turnover. Moreover, the results indicated that glutamine is not an essential respiratory substrate for rat C6 glioma under short-term glutamine deprivation. Worth noting was the high contribution of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation toward the total ATP synthesis (about 80%), regardless of the proliferation or the differentiation status of the C6 cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020584517588
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endarteritis and mycotic aortic aneurysm caused by an oral strain ofActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 17 (1998), S. 104-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Keywords: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans ; Endarteritis ; Aneurysm ; Clonal identity ; Periodontitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was isolated from blood cultures of a 33-year-old febrile patient with a previously undiagnosed coarctation of the aorta. Subgingival samples from diseased periodontal pockets revealed the presence ofA. actinomycetemcomitans. An infected (mycotic) aortic aneurysm and endarteritis were diagnosed and surgically treated. The identity of blood and oral clinical isolates ofA. actinomycetemcomitans was supported by genetic analysis, including finger-printing by restriction fragment length polymorphism, ribotyping, and random amplified polymorphic DNA; biotyping; and antibiogram typing. These data strongly suggest that the periodontal pockets were the primary source ofA. actinomycetemcomitans endarteritis in this case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01682165
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of polymorphonuclear neutrophils on serum bactericidal activity againstStreptococcus pneumoniae after amoxicillin administration (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 17 (1998), S. 40-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of phagocytic killing on serum bactericidal activity againstStreptococcus pneumoniae was investigated 0, 1.5, 8 and 12 h after a single 875 mg oral dose of amoxicillin in healthy adults. Killing curves were determined with polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), serum or PMN plus serum. Global killing (i. e. intracellular and extracellular killing) over 3 h of incubation was expressed as the area under the killing curve (AUKC; log cfu × h/ml). Amoxicillin did not affect the activity of PMN alone. For serum alone, the AUKC of post-administration samples (with supra-inhibitory amoxicillin concentrations) was significantly lower than in baseline samples. For serum plus PMN, significant bactericidal activity of serum was still found in samples after antibiotic concentrations had reached sub-inhibitory levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01584362
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