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  • 1995-1999  (5)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1999  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blast wave diagnostic for the Petawatt laser system : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 806-809 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We report on a diagnostic to measure the trajectory of a blast wave propagating through a plastic target 400 μm thick. This blast wave is generated by the irradiation of the front surface of the target with ∼400 J of 1 μm laser radiation in a 20 ps pulse focused to a ∼50 μm diameter spot, which produces an intensity in excess of 1018 W/cm2. These conditions approximate a point explosion and a blast wave is predicted to be generated with an initial pressure nearing 1 Gbar which decays as it travels approximately radially outward from the interaction region. We have utilized streaked optical pyrometry of the blast front to determine its time of arrival at the rear surface of the target. Applications of a self-similar Taylor–Sedov blast wave solution allows the amount of energy deposited to be estimated. The experiment, LASNEX design simulations and initial results are discussed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149277
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent progress in high-energy, high-resolution x-ray imaging techniques for application to the National Ignition Facility (invited) : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 525-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Multi-keV x-ray microscopy will be an important laser-produced plasma diagnostic at future megajoule facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF). However, laser energies and plasma characteristics imply that x-ray microscopy will be more challenging at NIF than at existing facilities. In earlier work, we concluded that target-mounted pinholes and single spherical or toroidal crystals are good options for many x-ray microscopy applications at NIF. In this article, we review the experimental progress we have made investigating these systems on the Nova and Petawatt Laser Facilities. In particular, we have performed high-resolution, high-magnification target-mounted pinhole imaging of Nova implosions, and we have obtained promising preliminary spherical-crystal data from high-intensity Petawatt experiments. We are also designing a high-energy spherical-crystal imager for use on Nova experiments. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149271
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prospects for fluorescence based imaging/visualization of hydrodynamic systems on the National Ignition Facility : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 663-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The next generation of large, high power lasers, such as the National Ignition Facility in the U.S., Laser Mega Joule in France or Helen Successor in the United Kingdom offers the prospect of x-ray fluorescence based diagnosis of hydrodynamic experiments. We discuss two promising techniques for pumping this fluorescence. One is to use a large fraction of these facilities' high power to efficiently make multi-kilovolt x rays which, in turn, causes dopants placed in experimental packages to fluoresce. The second technique is to use the sizable multi-kilovolt photon background that we expect to be present in many hohlraum based experiments, while the driving laser is on, to pump x-ray fluorescence. Here, the fluorescing medium could be a dopant in an experimental package or, possibly, a relatively thick slab of material in the hohlraum wall which could serve as a backlighter. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149391
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrafast (GaIn)(NAs)/GaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser for the 1.3 μm wavelength regime (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 2271-2273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: (GaIn)(NAs) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for room-temperature emission at 1.3 μm wavelength are designed and grown by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy using dimethylhydrazine and tertiarybutylarsine. Room-temperature operation at wavelengths up to 1.285 μm is achieved with low optical pumping thresholds between 1.6 and 2.0 kW/cm2. Stimulated emission dynamics after femtosecond optical pumping are measured and compare favorably with results on (GaIn)As/Ga(PAs)-based structures. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123821
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osmotic Shrinkage Activates Nonselective Cation (NSC) Channels in Various Cell Types (1999)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 168 (1999), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: Cell shrinkage — Volume regulation — Patch clamp — Cell lines — Flufenamate — Cation channels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. Osmotic cell shrinkage activates a nonselective cation (NSC) channel in M-1 mouse cortical collecting duct cells (Volk, Frömter & Korbmacher, 1995, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 8478-8482). To see whether shrinkage-activated NSC channels are an ubiquitous phenomenon, we tested the effect of hypertonic extracellular solution on whole-cell currents of HT29 human colon carcinoma cells, BSC-1 renal epithelial cells, A10 vascular smooth muscle cells, and Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells. Addition of 100 mm sucrose to an isotonic NaCl bath solution induced cell shrinkage of HT29 cells as evidenced by a decrease in cell diameter from 18 ± 1 μm to 12 ± 1 μm (n= 13). Upon cell shrinkage whole-cell currents of HT29 cells increased within 8 ± 1 min by about 30-fold (n= 13). Cell shrinkage and current activation were reversible upon return to isotonic solution. Replacement of bath Na+ by K+ or Li+ had almost no effect on the stimulated inward current. In contrast, replacement by N-methyl-d-glucamine (NMDG) completely abolished it and shifted the reversal potential from −4.5 ± 0.7 mV to −57 ± 4.1 mV (n= 10). Thus, the stimulated conductance is nonselective for alkali cations but highly selective for cations over anions with a cation-to-anion permeability ratio of about 13. Flufenamic acid (100 μm) inhibited the stimulated current by 84 ± 4.7% (n= 8). During the early phase of hypertonic stimulation single-channel transitions could be detected in whole-cell current recordings, and a gradual activation of 12 and more individual channels with a single-channel conductance of 17.6 ± 0.9 pS (n= 4) could be resolved. In analogous experiments similar shrinkage-activated NSC channels were also observed in BSC-1 renal epithelial cells, A10 vascular smooth muscle cells, and Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells. These findings indicate that shrinkage-activated NSC channels are an ubiquitous phenomenon and may play a role in volume regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002329900503
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