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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sputtering of boron-doped graphite USB15—Investigation of the origin of low chemical erosion (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 3812-3817 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The changes in surface composition of USB15—a boron doped graphite containing 15 wt.% of boron—during bombardment with D ions were determined by in situ Auger electron spectroscopy at temperatures from 300 up to 1000 K. For energies above 100 eV no strong increase of the boron surface concentration could be observed even around 800 K, i.e., at the maximum for chemical erosion of pure graphite. Chemical factor analysis of the carbon Auger peak in this energy-regime results in a much larger carbidic fraction of carbon atoms than suspected from the boron content of 15%. Thus, boron influences much more carbon atoms in their chemical reactivity with deuterium ions than is expected for the stoichiometric B4C precipitates. For ion energies below 100 eV a strong increase of boron surface concentration with decreasing ion energy at room temperature was observed. The chemical erosion of carbon in this energy regime is not suppressed by boron doping and indicates a different, surface related release process of hydrocarbon molecules. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359560
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deposition and hydrogen content of carbon films grown by CH+3 ion-beam bombardment (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 5366-5372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Carbon deposition and hydrogen codeposition is investigated as a function of ion energy, fluence, and target temperature at normal incidence by bombardment of silicon and pyrolitic graphite substrates with mass selected CH+3 molecules. An amorphous hydrogenated carbon layer (a-C:H) is formed in a thickness range of 40–130 nm at a fluence of 3×1018/cm2. The deposition process, the re-erosion phenomenon, the hydrogen content, and the H/C ratios of the carbon films are studied between 300 and 1000 K in the ion energy range from 150 eV to 3 keV. The experimental results are compared with those of TRIDYN computer simulations and previous experimental results of carbon sputtering by atomic H+ and C+ beams in order to obtain a better understanding of the interaction between hydrocarbon ions and the carbon-based wall materials in fusion devices. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359717
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical interaction of Si, Ti, and Mo with graphite surfaces (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 7695-7702 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interaction of Si, Ti, and Mo atoms with pyrolytic graphite substrates has been studied for evaporated layers of about 100 nm and implanted ions with mean ranges between 2 and 4 nm. In the temperature range from room temperature to 1800 K the thermal diffusion of carbon into the evaporated layers has been studied by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy while the temperature dependence of the carbide formation has been studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For all three systems stable carbidic phases are predicted by equilibrium phase diagrams. For Ti the formation of TiC is already observed after room temperature implantation, while for Mo annealing to 1200 K is necessary for Mo2C formation. In the case of Si oxygen contamination due to the air transfer after implantation resulted in a mixed SiOxCy phase which only transformed into a SiC phase at temperatures above 900 K, where the oxygen was released. The temperature range of stability of the carbidic layers was found to be correlated to the melting temperature of the metal–carbide eutectic. Above this temperature the metal atoms rapidly dissolve in the graphite lattice. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362673
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the temperature dependent phase transition of evaporated Ti films on diamond: Phase identification using maximum entropy data analysis (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 3314-3320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The carbidization of thin Ti films on natural diamond has been investigated in the temperature range between room temperature and 700 °C using x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy. It is possible to separate chemical phases in Ti 2p3/2 electron peaks after deconvolution of the spectrometer's broadening function. We employ Bayesian information, using maximum entropy prior information. The apparatus function is derived from measured spectra of the Fermi edge of a silver sample. Data analysis of reconstructed Ti 2p3/2 core level spectra shows that, with increasing temperature, Ti films are transformed from metallic Ti to a mixed phase consisting of metallic Ti and TiC0.56. No carbidic phase is found with a ratio of carbidic C to Ti smaller than 0.56. The metallic layer is fully transformed to TiC0.56 at 430 °C. At higher temperatures, the concentration ratio of carbidic C to Ti depends nearly linearly on temperature. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365640
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular conjugates: a targeted gene delivery vector for molecular medicine (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 73 (1995), S. 479-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Protein/DNA complex ; Gene therapy ; Ligand ; Receptor-mediated endocytosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198899
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High expression of adhesion molecules/activation markers with little interleukin-2, interferon γ, and tumor necrosis factor β gene activation in fresh tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from lung adenocarcinoma (1995)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 41 (1995), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words Cell adhesion molecules ; Lung adenocarcinoma ; Lymphokines ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Little is known about the activation level of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in human lung adenocarcinoma. We investigated the activation of fresh TIL at cellular and molecular levels and compared it with autologous and healthy normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) for baseline level. TIL were extracted from 12 primary lung adenocarcinomas by mechanical disruption without enzyme use and isolated by double-density Ficoll gradients. Flow-cytometry analysis of TIL subset distribution revealed that the majority was composed of T lymphocytes, and double labeling with α-CD3 and adhesion/activation markers revealed T cell subsets expressing CD49a, CD49b, CD54, and CD15, each of which was almost absent in autologous T peripheral blood lymphocytes (T-PBL). Moreover, the proportions of T-TIL expressing CD58, CD65, or CD25 were increased severalfold compared to T-PBL. Lymphokine gene activation in TIL was assessed by mRNA reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and primers for interleukin(IL)-2, IL-4, interferon (IFN) γ, granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) β. Semiquantitative comparisons between patients’ TIL and PBL and healthy normal and activated PBL were performed by computerized image analysis. RT-PCR gel band products were quantified in relative units as a function of their size and intensity. TIL expressed detectable lymphokine mRNA but seemed poorly activated with respect to the total number of lymphokine genes and the amount of mRNA compared with α-CD3-activated healthy PBL. IL-2, IFNγ, and TNFβ did not appear to be expressed at higher levels in TIL than in autologous or healthy normal PBL. However, two-thirds of the patients had TIL distinguishable from autologous PBL by specific expression of GM-CSF and from healthy normal PBL by expression of IL-4. These results show that lung adenocarcinoma TIL populations had little lymphokine gene activation despite the presence of several T cell subsets expressing different adhesion/activation markers. The lack or deficient combination of lymphokine production may be a factor that prevented efficient activation of TIL in these tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01788953
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Therapie der juvenilen chronischen Oligoarthritis mit Sulfasalazin (1997)
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 145 (1997), S. 724-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Juvenile chronische Arthritis ; Oligoartikuläre Spätform ; Sulfasalazin ; HLA B27 ; Key words Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis ; Late onset pauciarthritis ; Sulphasalazine ; HLA B27
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Objective: To prove the response and side effects of sulphasalazine in early and late onset juvenile pauciarthritis, also the therapeutic effect dependent on the marker HLA B27. Methods: 48 patients between the age of 3 to 16 years were included in the retrospective study, median age 11,8 years. Mean time of follow-up was 64 weeks. 8 children had early onset pauciarthritis, 40 had late onset pauciarthritis. The dosage of sulphasalazine was 30–50 mg/kg/d. Clinical and laboratory disease activity were documented. Results: Partial and complete remission were observed in 3 of 8 patients with early onset pauciarthritis and in 27 of 40 patients with late onset pauciarthritis. The best response was noted in children with HLA B27 associated late onset pauciarthritis in 21 of 27 cases, in HLA B27 negative late onset pauciarthritis only 6/13 responded (p〈0.05). Side effects were seen in 7 out of 48 patients and had been reversible. Conclusion: The best response in the treatment with sulphasalazine was noted in HLA B27 associated late onset pauciarthritis. In general sulphsalazine is well tolerated, documented side effects had been reversible.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Geprüft werden sollen die Wirksamkeit und die Verträglichkeit von Sulfasalazin bei der Früh- und Spätform der juvenilen chronischen Oligoarthritis sowie der Therapieeffekt in Abhängigkeit vom Merkmal HLA B27. Methode: Die retrospektive Untersuchung umfaßte 48 Patienten im Alter von 3–16 Jahren, Median 11,8 Jahre, über einen mittleren Beobachtungszeitraum von 64 Wochen. 8 Kinder sind an einer Frühform, 40 an einer Spätform der Oligoarthritis erkrankt. Die Dosis von Sulfasalazin lag bei 30–50 mg/kg und Tag. Untersucht wurden klinische und laborchemische Aktivitätskriterien. Ergebnisse: Teil- und Vollremissionen zeigten 3 von 8 Kinder mit Frühform und 27 von 40 Patienten mit Spätform der Oligoarthritis. Den größten Therapieerfolg verzeichnete die Gruppe der HLA-B27-assoziierten Spätform mit 21 von 27 Patienten, gegenüber 6 von 13 Patienten mit HLA-B27-negativer oligoartikulärer Spätform (p〈0,05). Reversible Nebenwirkungen wurden bei 7 der 48 Patienten beobachtet. Schlußfolgerung: Die Therapie mit Sulfasalazin ist bei HLA-B27-assoziierter oligoartikulärer Spätform am wirksamsten. Sulfasalazin ist gut verträglich, die Nebenwirkungen waren reversibel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001120050175
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sekretorische Diarrhö als Leitsymptom eines Ganglioneuroblastoms (1998)
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 146 (1998), S. 838-842 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Ganglioneuroblastom ; Sekretorische Diarrhö ; Hypokalämie ; Vasoaktives intestinales Polypeptid ; WDHA-Syndrom ; Key words Ganglioneuroblastoma ; Secretory diarrhea ; Hypokalemia ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ; WDHA-syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A 4-year old girl presented with an 18-month-history of weariness, high fluid intake, bone pain and growth retardation. A short febrile episode resulted in acute decompensation under the clinical picture of a WDHA-Syndrome (Watery diarrhea, hypokaliemia, a- or hypochlorhydria). As the causative agent a VIP (Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) – producing ganglioneuroblastoma was discovered in the left adrenal cortex. Symptoms ceased immediately after surgical resection of the tumour. Discussion: VIP-secreting tumours in childhood are mostly observed together with neural crest tumours. Mediated by cAMP, VIP leads to the secretion of fluid and electrolytes into the intestine which results in secretory diarrhea with hypokalemic metabolic acidosis. Facultative symptoms consist of hypo- or achlorhydria, bone resorption, flush and hyperglycemia. Surgical resection of the tumour is the therapy of choice.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten von einer 4jährigen Patientin mit einer 18 Monate währenden Anamnese von Müdigkeit, Polydipsie, Knochenschmerzen und stagnierendem Längenwachstum. Ein fieberhafter Infekt führte zur akuten Dekompensation unter dem klinischen Bild eines WDHA-Syndroms (wäßrige Diarrhö, Hypokaliämie, A- oder Hypochlorhydrie). Als Ursache konnte ein VIP (vasoaktives intestinales Polypeptid) sezernierendes Ganglioneuroblastom der linken Nebenniere diagnostiziert werden. Die Symptomatik normalisierte sich innerhalb 1 Tags nach operativer Entfernung des Tumors. Diskussion: VIP-sezernierende Tumoren betreffen im Kindesalter fast ausschließlich das sympathische Nervensystem. Über einen cAMP-vermittelten Mechanismus führt das von diesen Tumoren exzessiv sezernierte VIP zu einem WDHA-Syndrom, das charakterisiert ist durch massive intestinale Flüssigkeits- und Elektrolytverluste unter dem Bild einer sekretorischen Diarrhö mit hypokalämischer metabolischer Azidose. Fakultativ werden vermehrte Knochenresorption, Flush und Hyperglykämie beobachtet. Die Therapie besteht primär in einer chirurgischen Tumorexstirpation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001120050330
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5′-Cytosine DNA-methyltransferase mRNA levels in hereditary colon carcinoma (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words mRNA Quantification ; RT-PCR ; Competitive RT-PCR ; Hereditary colon carcinoma ; FAP ; HNPCC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  DNA methylation plays an important part in the regulation of gene expression. Alterations in DNA methylation in tumours have been reported and have been used to generate hypotheses about mutagenesis and silencing of tumour suppressor genes. However, the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood, and conflicting data on the levels of overexpression of 5′-cytosine DNA methyltransferase in sporadic colon carcinoma have been published. We used a competitive RT-PCR assay for quantification of mRNA of 5′-cytosine DNA methyltransferase in colon biopsies obtained from patients with hereditary colon carcinoma syndromes and compared the results with those obtained in a control group. No significant difference was found between the flat mucosa of FAP patients and the mucosa of the control group. In FAP and HNPCC patients, the 5′-cytosine DNA methyltransferase mRNA levels of adenomas were significantly higher (P〈0.05) than of flat mucosa in the same group, but both showed great variability from patient to patient. Our findings suggest that the mRNA levels of methyltransferase cannot be used as predictive marker for screening in families affected by hereditary colon carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050305
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can malignancy in insulinoma be predicted by the expression patterns of beta 1,6 branching of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides and polysialic acid of the neural cell adhesion molecule? (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 429 (1996), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Insulinoma ; Liver metastasis ; Beta 1,6 branching ; Neural cell adhesion molecule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We analysed the value of the expression of beta 1,6 branching of asparagine-linked oligosaccharide chains and polysialic acid of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in predicting malignant behaviour in human insulinomas, as these glycoconjugates have been associated with invasive growth and metastatic potential. Fifty-three insulinomas from patients with well-documented clinical and follow-up data were investigated. Lectin histochemical staining for beta 1,6 branches revealed that 11 (74%) of the 15 malignant insulinomas stained more strongly than normal beta cells. However, in as many as 23 (63.1%) of the 38 benign insulinomas with a disease-free follow up for 4–18 years (average 8 years), a staining intensity equivalent to that of malignant tumours was found. Two (13%) of the malignant insulinomas and 1 of the 4 liver metastases studied were unstained. None of the 53 insulinomas (and the rat RIN insulinoma) re-expressed polysialic acid as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting with the monoclonal antibody 735. Therefore, histochemical staining for beta 1,6 branches and immunohistochemistry for polysialic acid are unlikely to be of value as prognostic indicators for patients with insulinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198334
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