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  • 2000-2004  (7)
  • 2001  (2)
  • 2000  (5)
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  • 2000-2004  (7)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low resistance magnetic tunnel junctions and their interface structures (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 7558-7560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Effects of interface structure and oxidation state were studied in stacked magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) structures with top and bottom antiferromagnetic layers to obtain optimum resistance and high tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratios for read heads. The roughness of the NiFe surface and the Al coverage were significantly improved by introduction of O2 surfactant gas on the Ta-seed-layer surface, which increased TMR ratios of the MTJ with low resistance area (RA) products of less than 10 Ω μm2. Furthermore, it was found that avoidance of Ni oxidation and Co oxidation at the tunnel barrier interface is essential to obtaining high TMR ratios, and that a good Al coverage and Fe–oxide formation may enhance TMR ratios when Fe-rich magnetic materials are used. For the top-type and bottom-type structures, a TMR ratio of 12%–17% with RA products of 6–7 Ω μm2 was obtained, which provides sufficient performance for read heads. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361054
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Near-field photoluminescence study of GaNAs alloy epilayer at room and cryogenic temperature (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 1508-1510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have measured the spatial distribution of the optical properties of a GaNAs (N∼0.8%) epilayer to investigate the carrier recombination mechanism at both room temperature and cryogenic temperature using a near-field scanning optical microscope. A difference between the macro and near-field photoluminescence (PL) spectra at room temperature was not observed. At low temperature, we found spatial inhomogeneity of the optical properties and sharp features in the near-field PL spectrum. These findings indicate that the dominant emission mechanism changes from recombination of delocalized carriers at room temperature to recombination of localized carriers (excitons) trapped in the local potential minimum due to compositional fluctuation at low temperature. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1353815
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel junctions caused by geometrical artifacts (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 3060-3062 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spuriously reduced magnetoresistance (MR) ratios have been observed in magnetic tunnel junctions in which a square contact portion with dimensions smaller than the width of the lead electrodes connects both the top and bottom lead electrodes. The phenomenon becomes apparent by measuring the magnetoresistance of the junctions with various sizes systematically varied under a fixed line width of the electrodes. Observed junction size dependence of resistance (R)×area(A) products and MR ratios were analyzed through finite difference calculation, and it was found that there exist junction sizes for which R×A products and MR ratios are larger and smaller, respectively, than the intrinsic ones. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1323740
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Room-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy of self-assembled In0.5Ga0.5As single quantum dots by using highly sensitive near-field scanning optical microscope (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 73-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the optical properties of self-assembled In0.5Ga0.5As single quantum dots (QDs) at room temperature with a near-field scanning optical microscope. Successful detection of a weak photoluminescence (PL) signal from a single QD at room temperature could be achieved by using a double-tapered fiber probe having the advantages of both high collection efficiency and high spatial resolution. Through the precise examination of PL spectra of many QDs, including broadening and saturation behaviors, the homogeneous linewidth of the ground state emission is evaluated as from 9.8 to 14.5 meV. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125660
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probing bulk states of correlated electron systems by high-resolution resonance photoemission (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 403 (2000), S. 396-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Electron correlations are known to play an important role in determining the unusual physical properties of a variety of compounds. Such properties include high-temperature superconductivity, heavy fermion behaviour and metal-to-insulator transitions. High-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35000140
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase on immunohistochemistry in colon carcinoma, and correlation between immunohistochemical score and protein level or messenger RNA expression (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 273-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: DPD ; 5-fluorouracil ; immunohistochemistry ; RT–PCR ; Western blotting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the firstenzyme that metabolizes 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Until now, enzymatic activityor mRNA expression of DPD has been investigated. However, there are no paperson immunohistochemical evaluation of DPD. We investigated DPD staining onimmunohistochemistry, and examined the relationship among immunohistochemicalscore, protein level and mRNA expression of DPD. Materials and methods: Forty-seven resected colon cancerspecimens, four colon cancer cell lines, two xenografts by colon cancer celllines, and human mononuclear cells were used. Immunohistochemistry wasperformed using DPD monoclonal antibody. Protein levels were determined byWestern blot analysis. And mRNA levels were calculated by semi-quantitativereverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). Results: DPD was strongly expressed in the cytoplasm of cancercells, and in the cytoplasm of macrophage and plasma cells. Theimmunohistochemical score was more correlated with protein levels (P= 0.0054) than mRNA expression (P = 0.9028). Conclusions: We investigated the characterization of DPDimmunohistochemically, and showed that immunohistochemical expression of DPDcan be used to predict the sensitivity of colorectal carcinomas to 5-FU.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008337913456
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Precipitation sequence of various kinds of metastable phases in Al-1.0mass% Mg2Si-0.4mass% Si alloy (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 35 (2000), S. 179-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The precipitation of three new types of metastable phases, i.e., TYPE-A, TYPE-B and TYPE-C, with different crystal structures from the β′ phase is proposed from our research on the change in crystal structures and formation sequence of metastable phases during the aging of the Al-1.0mass% Mg2Si-0.4mass% Si alloy by a combination of analytical high resolution electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The sequence of their formation is explained as follows. First, precipitation of the β′ phase and TYPE-B precipitate, then β′ dissolution into the matrix and degradation of the TYPE-B precipitate. Finally, predominant precipitation of the metastable TYPE-A precipitate. The TYPE-C precipitate appeared heterogeneously in the over-aged condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004769305736
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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