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  • 2000-2004  (9)
  • 1995-1999
  • 2000  (9)
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  • 2000-2004  (9)
  • 1995-1999
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 2166-2168 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We show that small in-plane magnetization components in magnetic garnet films with perpendicular anisotropy can be imaged using nonlinear magneto-optical proximal probe microscopy, i.e., magnetization-induced second harmonic generation together with a scanning near-field optical microscope. A relationship exists between the in-plane magnetization domains we observed and the typical maze-like out-of-plane magnetization domains that are simultaneously imaged recording the linear Faraday effect. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 43 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 59 (2000), S. S1 
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter DNA-Bindung – GRdim– Mechanismus – Erythropoese – Immunsuppression – antitumorigen ; Key words DNA binding – GRdim– mechanism – erythropoiesis – immunosuppression – antitumorigenic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Glucocorticoids are involved in numerous physiological processes. Most of their effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) via activation and repression of gene expression. Whereas activation requires DNA binding of the receptor, repression is usually mediated by protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors. To decipher the molecular mode of action of GR, mice were generated by gene targeting, carrying a point mutation in one of the dimerization domains, thus abrogating DNA binding by GR. These GRdim mice survive to adulthood and thereby allowed analysis of the mechanism used by GR in the control of physiological processes. Specifically, stress erythropoiesis was found to require the DNA binding-dependent function of GR whereas the antitumor-promoting activity of GR in skin is mediated by interaction with the transcription factor AP-1. Furthermore, the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids is largely independent of GR DNA-binding, suggesting that GRdim mice might be useful in the future for the search of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with reduced side-effects.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Glukokortikoide sind an der Regulation zahlreicher physiologischer Prozesse beteiligt. Die meisten ihrer Wirkungen werden vom Glukokortikoidrezeptor (GR) durch Aktivierung und Repression von Genexpression vermittelt. Während die Aktivierung eine Bindung des Rezeptors and DNA erfordert, erfolgt die Repression in den meisten Fällen durch Protein-Protein-Wechselwirkung mit anderen Transkriptionsfaktoren. Zur Analyse des molekularen Mechanismus des GR wurden mittels “gene targeting” Mäuse mit einer Punktmutation in einer der Dimerisierungsdomänen des Rezeptors erzeugt, welche den Verlust der DNA-Bindung zur Folge hatte. Diese GRdim-Mäuse überleben bis ins erwachsene Alter und erlauben sie die Analyse der Wirkungsweise des GR in physiologischen Prozessen. Insbesondere stellt sich heraus, dass die Stresserythropoese die DNA-bindungsabhängige Funktion des GR benötigt, während die antitumorigene Wirkung des GR in der Haut durch Protein-Protein-Wechselwirkung mit dem Transkriptionsfaktor AP-1 vermittelt wird. Des Weiteren zeigt sich, dass die immunsuppressive und anti-inflammatorische Wirkung des GR weitgehend unabhängig von dessen DNA-Bindung ist. Dies deutet daraufhin, dass GRdim-Mäuse in der Zukunft möglicherweise zur Identifizierung steroidaler anti-inflammatorischer Substanzen mit geringeren Nebenwirkungen verwendet werden können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefässchirurgie 14 (2000), S. 204-211 
    ISSN: 0930-9225
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Venenentnahme – Wundheilungsstörungen –¶kosmetische Inzision ; Key words Harvesting of the saphenous vein –¶wound healing disturbances – cosmetic incision
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In Germany about 75000 patients received the CABG operation last year, these are about 75% of all open heart operation procedures. The most frequently used conduit is the greater saphenous vein. In the last years a lot of new minimally invasive techniques for vein harvesting revolutionized the field of CABG operation procedures, nevertheless the most common technique today is the traditional, open technique with long, continuous incision for the open preparation of the saphenous vein. Using traditional open saphenectomy, wound healing disturbances are common and have been reported to occur in 5–25% of patients. The prevalence of wound healing disturbances varies widely, depending to some degree of definition, as well of the intensity of follow up. Minimal and less invasive vein harvesting studies have been shown to be effective in decreasing leg wound disturbances, resulting much superior cosmetic results. Advantages and disadvantages of minimally invasive vein harvesting techniques are today the topic of controversy discussions in heart surgery.¶   We reported our experience of modified minimally invasive harvesting of the saphenous vein using the Aesculap retractor system with performing 3–4 small cutaneous incisions. According to our experience these results show that the use of modified minimally invasive harvesting of the great saphenous vein is an attractive alternative to the traditional open harvest technique with fewer wound complication, more patient satisfaction and excellent cosmetic aspects. Therefore, we hope that less or minimally invasive systems for harvesting of the saphenous vein will be established in the future in CABG operation procedures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Jährlich werden in Deutschland ca. 75000 Patienten mit koronarer Herzerkrankung (ca. 75% aller Herzoperationen) operativ versorgt. Als Bypassmaterial stehen arterielle Grafts und autologe Venen, vorwiegend die Vena saphena magna, zur Verfügung. In den letzten Jahren revolutionieren minimal-invasive Venenentnahmetechniken die Bypasschirurgie, dennoch erfolgt heute die Saphenektomie zum Großteil mittels kontinuierlicher Inzision der Haut vom Knöchel bis in die Leiste zur offenen Präparation der Vena saphena magna. Wundheilungsstörungen nach offener Saphenektomie werden wiederholt diskutiert und sind Gegenstand jeder herzchirurgischen Nachbehandlung nach koronarchirurgischen Eingriffen und Grund für die Aufwertung neuer, minimal-invasiver Entnahmetechniken. Diese Wundheilungsstörungen, je nach Beobachtungszeitraum, werden in der Literatur zwischen 5–25% angegeben. Die Vor- und Nachteile minimal-invasiver Systeme sind derzeit Inhalt kontroverser Diskussion.¶   Die vorgestellte Technik (modifizierte „Bridge”-Technik) zeigt erwünschte Ergebnisse, insbesondere eine sehr hohe Patientenzufriedenheit hinsichtlich des kosmetischen Ergebnisses und der nur geringen Einschränkung durch die Saphenektomiewunde(n). Es ließ sich nur eine geringe Rate an postoperativen Komplikationen (hier 3%) feststellen. Minimal-invasive Venenentnahmesysteme halten wir für praktikabel, effizient und leicht erlernbar. Wir sehen es deshalb als wichtig an, diese Techniken weiter im klinischen Gebrauch zu etablieren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Glutathione S-transferase ; Polymorphism ; Thimerosal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Thimerosal is an important preservative in vaccines and ophthalmologic preparations. The substance is known to be a type IV sensitizing agent. High sensitization rates were observed in contact-allergic patients and in health care workers who had been exposed to thimerosal-preserved vaccines. There is evidence for the involvement of the glutathione system in the metabolism of thimerosal or its decomposition products (organomercury alkyl compounds). Thus detoxification by polymorphically expressed glutathione S-transferases such as GSTT1 and GSTM1 might have a protective effect against sensitization by these substances. Methods: To address this question, a case control study was conducted, including 91 Central European individuals with a positive patch-test reaction to thimerosal. This population was compared with 169 healthy controls and additionally with 114 individuals affected by an allergy against para-substituted aryl compounds. The latter population was included in order to test whether possible associations were due to substance-specific effects, or were a general feature connected with type IV immunological diseases. Homozygous deletions of GSTT1 and GSTM1 were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Glutathione S-transferase M1 deficiency was significantly more frequent among patients sensitized to thimerosal (65.9%, P=0.013) compared with the healthy control group (49.1%) and the “para-compound” group (48%, P=0.034). Glutathione S-transferase T1 deficiency in the thimerosal/mercury group (19.8%) was barely elevated versus healthy controls (16.0%) and the “para-compound” group (14.0%). The combined deletion (GSTT1−/GSTM1−) was markedly more frequent among thimerosal-sensitized patients than in healthy controls (17.6% vs. 6.5%, P=0.0093) and in the “para-compound” group (17.6% vs. 6.1%, P=0.014), revealing a synergistic effect of these enzyme deficiencies (healthy controls vs. thimerosal GSTM1 negative individuals, OR=2.0 [CI=1.2–3.4], GSTT1−, OR=1.2 [CI=0.70–2.1], GSTM1/T1−, OR=3.1 [CI=1.4–6.5]). Conclusions: Since the glutathione-dependent system was repeatedly shown to be involved in the metabolism of thimerosal decomposition products, the observed association may be of functional relevance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Crohn’s disease ; Cytolytic activity ; Inflammatory bowel disease ; Intraepithelial lymphocytes ; Natural killer cells ; T cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Background and aims: Dysfunction of the immune system with inappropriate responses of lymphocytes to various antigens has been implicated in the development of Crohn’s disease. Therefore, the functional and phenotypic characteristics of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in comparison to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were analyzed in patients with and without Crohn’s disease. Patients and methods: Six patients with Crohn’s disease and six control patients were studied. Isolated IEL and PBL were tested for cytolytic activity against the human adenocarcinoma cells DLD-1 and the human leukemia cells K562 in a 51Cr-release assay. Two-color flow cytometry was performed for phenotype analysis of isolated lymphocytes. Results: IEL from patients with Crohn’s disease showed significantly increased cytolytic activity against epithelial-derived target cells when compared with IEL from control patients. In contrast, no functional changes were detectable among PBL from patients with Crohn’s disease. IEL from patients with Crohn’s disease contained a significantly higher percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes when compared with IEL from control patients, whereas no phenotypic changes were observed among PBL. Conclusions: In Crohn’s disease, the functional and phenotypic changes of T cells are limited to lymphocytes of the intestinal mucosa. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the increased cytolytic activity of IEL contributes to the tissue damage in this disease.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Brachytherapy – radiation – restenosis – PTCA – stent thrombosis ; Schlüsselwörter Brachytherapie – Strahlentherapie – Restenose – PTCA – Stentthrombose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die intrakoronare Bestrahlung zur Therapie von Denovo-Stenosen, Restenosen (ohne Stent) und In-Stent-Restenosen ist zunehmend Gegenstand wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen. Wir hatten im Rahmen der Teilnahme an den internationalen Multicenter-Studien BETA-CATH, START und BRIE als erste in Deutschland die Möglichkeit, das Novoste™-System zu verwenden und berichten im folgenden über unsere bisherigen Erfahrungen zur Sicherheit und Durchführbarkeit der intrakoronaren Brachytherapie mit diesem Afterloader. Insgesamt wurden bislang 95 Patienten eingeschlossen. Das Novoste™-System kam bei 92 Patienten zur Anwendung (104 Stenosen). Ein vorzeitiger Abbruch wegen relevanter ischämischer Komplikationen war nicht erforderlich. Die mittlere verabreichte Dosis betrug 16 ± 2 Gy (14–20 Gy, in 2 mm Abstand) und die mittlere Bestrahlungszeit 202 ± 27 s (165–261 s). Die gesamte Interventionsdauer wurde um 17 ± 8 min verlängert. Für die an der Körperoberfläche der Patienten gemessene Dosisleistung ergab sich über der Brustwand 99 ± 52 μSv/h und über der Patientenleiste 3 ± 3 μSv/h. Alle Patienten erhielten ASS in der (in den USA üblichen) Dosis von 1×300 mg/d. Erfolgte in gleicher Sitzung eine Stentimplantation, so wurde zusätzlich Ticlopidin (2×250 mg/d) oder Clopidogrel (1×75 mg/d) für mindestens 3 Monate verabreicht. Die Gesamtmortalität und die Infarktrate war null. Akute bzw. subakute oder späte Stentthrombosen traten nicht auf. Somit zeigen unsere ersten Erfahrungen mit dem Novoste™-Beta-Cath™-System, daß die intrakoronare Brachytherapie im Herzkatheterlabor sicher und einfach durchgeführt werden kann. Akutkomplikationen traten nicht auf. Zur Vermeidung später Stentthrombosen ist die Gabe von Ticlopidin bzw. Clopidogrel für mindestens 3 Monate erforderlich.
    Notes: Summary Clinical trials are increasingly investigating the effects of intracoronary radiation for the treatment of de-novo lesions, restenosis (without stents), and in-stent restenosis. As the first group in Germany, we had the opportunity to use the Novoste™ system within the international multicenter studies BETA-CATH, START and BRIE and report our preliminary experience regarding safety and feasibility of intracoronary brachytherapy with this afterloader. A total of 95 patients were enrolled. The Novoste™ system was used in 92 patients (104 lesions). Ischemic complications were not observed; therefore, radiation was performed as planned. The mean applied dose was 16 ± 2 Gy (14–20 Gy, at 2 mm distance) and mean exposure time was 202 ± 27 s (165–261 s). The addition of brachytherapy increased the total duration of the intervention for 17 ± 8 min. At the body surface of the patients, the following dose rates were measured: left chest wall: 99 ± 52 μSv/h; groin 3 ± 3 μSv/h. All patients received ASS 300 mg/d o.d. Patients with stent implantation in the same session received 250 mg b.i.d. Ticlopidin or 75 mg Clopidogrel o.d. for at least three months. Total mortality and infarct rate was 0. There was no acute, subacute or late stent thrombosis. Conclusion: Our first experience with the Novoste™ Beta-Cath™ system showed that intracoronary brachytherapy can be safely and simply performed in the cath lab. There were no acute complications. To avoid the possible risk of late stent thrombosis, Ticlopidin or Clopidogrel must be administered for at least three months.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Syncope – elderly – electrophysiology ; Schlüsselwörter Synkope – geriatrische Patienten – Elektrophysiologie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die invasive elektrophysiologische Untersuchung hat bei der Abklärung von Synkopen unklarer Genese einen hohen Stellenwert. Im höheren Lebensalter steht dem Wunsch nach einer richtungsweisenden Diagnostik eine gewisse Zurückhaltung gegenüber invasiven, potentiell komplikationsreichen Untersuchungen entgegen. Durch einen altersspezifischen Vergleich von diagnostischem Zugewinn, Komplikationsraten und elektrophysiologischen Parametern sollte in der vorliegenden Arbeit geklärt werden, ob die invasive elektrophysiologische Untersuchung auch bei älteren Patienten empfohlen werden kann und ob altersabhängige Schwankungen von Leitungs- und Refraktärmessungen berücksichtigt werden müssen. Invasive elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen wurden bei 96 Patienten im Alter zwischen 70 und 80 Jahren sowie bei 21 über Achtzigjährigen durchgeführt. Als Vergleichsgruppe dienten 65 Patienten mit einem Lebensalter unter 40 Jahren. Mit zunehmendem Lebensalter stieg die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines richtungsweisenden Befundes in der elektrophysiologischen Untersuchung von etwa 20% bei jüngeren auf 54% bei den ältesten untersuchten Patienten. Komplikationen waren mehrheitlich von untergeordneter klinischer Bedeutung, die Komplikationsraten unterschieden sich nicht signifikant zwischen den Altersgruppen. Auch zeigten die erhobenen Refraktär- und Leitungsparameter keine eindeutige Altersabhängigkeit. Gerade beim älteren Menschen erweist sich das Verhältnis zwischen diagnostischem Zugewinn und Komplikationsrate der invasiven elektrophysiologischen Untersuchung zur Synkopenabklärung als besonders günstig. Geltende Normalwerte für Refraktär- und Leitungsparameter scheinen altersunabhängig Gültigkeit zu besitzen.
    Notes: Summary Invasive electrophysiologic study (EPS) is an important tool in the assessment of patients with unexplained syncope. Especially in the elderly, the need for a complete diagnostic work-up is counterbalanced by the fear of complications associated with invasive procedures. Thus, the present study specifically addressed the question whether the risk/benefit ratio of EPS in geriatric patients with unexplained syncope justifies this invasive procedure. An invasive EPS was performed in 96 patients between 70 and 80 years and 21 patients older than 80 years. The control group consisted of 65 patients younger than 40 years. With increasing age, the diagnostic yield of EPS also increased (positive EPS finding in 20% of the control group and in 54% of the oldest patients). The majority of complications were of minor clinical significance and no significant differences were found between the three groups. Finally, no age-related difference in measured standard electrophysiological parameters was evident. Due to the high diagnostic value and the low complication rate, EPS can be recommended in elderly patients with unexplained syncope. An age-specific standardization of electrophysiologic parameters, measured during EPS, does not seem to be required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 37 (2000), S. 69-77 
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Key words Ventricular assist devices – mechanical circulatory support – low-cardiac output syndrome – bridging to transplant ; Schlüsselwörter Pulsatile Ventrikel-Assist-Systeme (VAD) – Mechanische Kreislaufunterstützung – Low cardiac output-Syndrom –Überbrückung zur Transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die terminale Herzinsuffizienz kann nach Ausschöpfung medikamentöser Therapie oft nur mit mechanischer Kreislaufunterstützung beherrscht werden. Besonders die Therapieergebnisse des rechtzeitigen elektiven Einsatzes von pulsatilen kardialen Assist-Systemen als Überbrückung zur Herztransplantation unterstreichen den Erfolg der Behandlungsmethode. Durch die Aufrechterhaltung bzw. die Wiederherstellung einer ausreichenden Zirkulation mittels mechanischer Kreislaufunterstützung kommt es bei vielen Patienten auch zur Erhaltung oder Wiederherstellung einer ausreichenden Organfunktion. Bei Patienten der NYHA-Klasse IV mit Kontraindikation gegen eine Herztransplantation bietet sich die Implantation eines Langzeitsystems als allerdings bisher noch zeitlich limitierte Alternative zur Transplantation. Eine postkardiotomiebedingte Kreislaufunterstützung bietet bei ansonsten infauster Prognose vielen Patienten die einzige Möglichkeit des Überlebens. Wenn Hauptkomplikationen wie Thrombembolie, Blutung und Infektion nicht auftreten, lohnen gute Ergebnisse den hohen personellen und technischen Aufwand. Das postoperative intensivmedizinische und pflegerische Management erfordert eine spezielle Ausbildung der Mitarbeiter einer Intensivstation.
    Notes: Summary Despite medical therapy, chronic heart failure can often only be treated using a mechanical assist system. The results, when using such devices electively, underline that it is an effective therapy. In many patients, “dependent” organs, such as liver or kidneys etc., can regain their usual function soon after adequate circulatory function is reestablished by the mechanical assist system. In patients with NYHA class IV heart failure and contraindications for heart transplantation, implantation of a long-lasting system is an alternative approach, even though available systems do not yet last forever. Post-cardiosurgical implantation of an assist device is the only option in some patients. The good results are rewarding the high technical and personal efforts if no major-complications, such as thromboembolism, bleedings or infections, occur. Postoperative treatment of these patients requires special training of all those involved.
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