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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 59 (2000), S. S1 
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter DNA-Bindung – GRdim– Mechanismus – Erythropoese – Immunsuppression – antitumorigen ; Key words DNA binding – GRdim– mechanism – erythropoiesis – immunosuppression – antitumorigenic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Glucocorticoids are involved in numerous physiological processes. Most of their effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) via activation and repression of gene expression. Whereas activation requires DNA binding of the receptor, repression is usually mediated by protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors. To decipher the molecular mode of action of GR, mice were generated by gene targeting, carrying a point mutation in one of the dimerization domains, thus abrogating DNA binding by GR. These GRdim mice survive to adulthood and thereby allowed analysis of the mechanism used by GR in the control of physiological processes. Specifically, stress erythropoiesis was found to require the DNA binding-dependent function of GR whereas the antitumor-promoting activity of GR in skin is mediated by interaction with the transcription factor AP-1. Furthermore, the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids is largely independent of GR DNA-binding, suggesting that GRdim mice might be useful in the future for the search of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with reduced side-effects.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Glukokortikoide sind an der Regulation zahlreicher physiologischer Prozesse beteiligt. Die meisten ihrer Wirkungen werden vom Glukokortikoidrezeptor (GR) durch Aktivierung und Repression von Genexpression vermittelt. Während die Aktivierung eine Bindung des Rezeptors and DNA erfordert, erfolgt die Repression in den meisten Fällen durch Protein-Protein-Wechselwirkung mit anderen Transkriptionsfaktoren. Zur Analyse des molekularen Mechanismus des GR wurden mittels “gene targeting” Mäuse mit einer Punktmutation in einer der Dimerisierungsdomänen des Rezeptors erzeugt, welche den Verlust der DNA-Bindung zur Folge hatte. Diese GRdim-Mäuse überleben bis ins erwachsene Alter und erlauben sie die Analyse der Wirkungsweise des GR in physiologischen Prozessen. Insbesondere stellt sich heraus, dass die Stresserythropoese die DNA-bindungsabhängige Funktion des GR benötigt, während die antitumorigene Wirkung des GR in der Haut durch Protein-Protein-Wechselwirkung mit dem Transkriptionsfaktor AP-1 vermittelt wird. Des Weiteren zeigt sich, dass die immunsuppressive und anti-inflammatorische Wirkung des GR weitgehend unabhängig von dessen DNA-Bindung ist. Dies deutet daraufhin, dass GRdim-Mäuse in der Zukunft möglicherweise zur Identifizierung steroidaler anti-inflammatorischer Substanzen mit geringeren Nebenwirkungen verwendet werden können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 8737-8740 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We investigate the nonequilibrium tube length fluctuations during the relaxation of an initially stretched, entangled polymer chain. The time-dependent variance σ2 of the tube length follows in the early-time regime a simple universal power law σ2=At originating in the diffusive motion of the polymer segments. The amplitude A is calculated analytically both from standard reptation theory and from an exactly solvable lattice gas model for reptation and its dependence on the initial and equilibrium tube length, respectively, is discussed. The nonuniversality suggests the measurement of the fluctuations (e.g., using flourescence microscopy) as a test for reptation models. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The local magnetic structure of TbFe multilayers with various layer thicknesses of Tb (26 A(ring)) and Fe (10, 20, 30 and 35 A(ring)) has been investigated by circular magnetic x-ray dichroism (CMXD) studies. From the dichroic signal at the L3 edge both the local magnetic Tb moment and the anisotropic behavior of the Tb compound could be deduced. The magnetic spectra at the Tb L2 edge and the Fe K edge, which are known to be sensitive to the local chemical environment, have been used to obtain information on the binding characters of the magnetized atoms in the various TbFe compositions. Significant deviations of the CMXD spectra compared to the corresponding spectra in the pure Fe and Tb metals have been observed. This indicates significant contributions to the magnetism from an interface region, whose chemical structure resembles strongly those of the intermetallic TbFe2 compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Circular magnetic x-ray dichroism (CMXD) was observed at the Pt and Ir L2,3 edges in the multilayered structures 25⋅(4 A(ring) Co+30 A(ring) Pt) and 25⋅(4 A(ring) Co+11 A(ring) Pt+8 A(ring) Ir+11 A(ring) Pt). The samples were prepared by sputtering and show a large perpendicular anisotropy. The magnetic absorption at the Pt and Ir L2,3 edges was measured in an external magnetic field of 0.15 T perpendicular to the surface. The results indicate a significant spin polarization of the Pt and Ir layers. By comparison with the corresponding CMXD signals of Pt and Ir impurities in a ferromagnetic iron host we estimated the local spin and orbital moments. The results show that the innermost three monolayers in both systems couple ferromagnetically to the Co layers with an average magnetic moment of about 0.01 μB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on reflected high-energy electron-diffraction and transmission electron microscopy plane-view investigation of the dislocation structure in doped and undoped ZnSe/GaAs(001) grown by molecular-beam epitaxy and metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy. The thicknesses of the investigated layers vary between 60 and 900 nm. Several stages of dislocation formation are found which occur at distinct layer thicknesses. Frank partial dislocations (up to 500 nm), Shockley partial dislocations (between 130 and 400 nm) with a maximum density at 300 nm, and perfect 60° dislocations (above 300 nm) are observed in samples with perfectly smooth surface. The formation of Shockley partial dislocations is strongly anisotropic which might be due to the higher mobility of α-type dislocations. An increased roughness of the growing surface yields a suppression of Shockley partial dislocations and an irregular dislocation network with dislocations inclined to the 〈110〉 directions. A regular dislocation network with straight dislocations is found in Cl-doped samples. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 17662-17668 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The vortex state, characterized by a curling magnetization, is one of the equilibrium configurations of soft magnetic materials and occurs in thin ferromagnetic square and disk-shaped elements of micrometre size and below. The interplay between the magnetostatic and the exchange energy ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 390 (1997), S. 515-517 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The gene tailless is a member of the superfamily of genes that encode transcription factors of the ligand-activated nuclear receptor type, and is expressed in the invertebrate and vertebrate brain. In mice, its transcripts are restricted to the periventricular zone of the forebrain, the site of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 2399-2407 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We discuss a reaction–diffusion model in one dimension subjected to an external driving force. Each lattice site may be occupied by at most one particle. The particles hop with rates (1±η)/2 to the right or left nearest neighbor site if it is vacant, and annihilate with rate one if it is occupied. The representation of an uncorrelated random initial state in terms of free fermions allows the calculation of multiple time-dependent higher order correlation functions of the local density. We outline the procedure using a field theoretic approach. We also compute the long time behavior of the density profile if the initial density profile is a step function. The fermion representation of the step function state also allows the calculation of multiple time-dependent correlation functions. Experimental applications of these results are pointed out. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5346-5346 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interference of charge and magnetic scattering from ferromagnetic targets leads in case of circularly polarized x rays to a relative difference (flipping ratio) of the Bragg peak intensity in the order of 10−3, when the magnetization aligned in the scattering plane is reversed (spin-dependent scattering). We have measured the spin-dependent scattering in Fe, Gd, and Tb polycrystalline metallic foils using circularly polarized synchrotron radiation. From the data, magnetic form factors have been deduced. As demonstrated for Gd and Tb, from the flipping ratios the orbital and spin contribution can be directly separated by varying the angle between the scattering vector and the sample magnetization. Spin-dependent resonance scattering has been studied at the K edge of a Ni single crystal. A significant enhancement of the magnetic scattering amplitude compared to the magnetic resonance scattering of linearly polarized light and sample magnetization perpendicular to the scattering plane has been observed. A strongly increased nonresonant magnetic scattering with opposite sign compared to the resonant magnetic effects is observed in the preedge energy region below −10 eV with respect to the K-absorption onset. The applicability of magnetic scattering using circularly polarized synchrotron radiation for the investigation of ferromagnetic media especially in view of its complementarity to neutron studies is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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