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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface of active polarons: A semiexplicit solvation method for biomolecular dynamics (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 7723-7734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present a strategy for solvating biomolecules in molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo simulations. The method employs a thin layer (often monomolecular) of explicit water with additional external forces representing the electrostatics, pressure, fluctuations, and dissipations caused by the neglected bulk. Long-range electrostatic corrections are supplied through a set of variable surface charges (polarons) that recreates the mean reaction field (or dielectric properties) of an infinite solvent. We refer to this "fictitious" boundary layer as a "surface of active polarons" (or SOAP). Test simulations of the solvation free energies of 15 amino acid analogs and nine ions are in good agreement with experiment (correlation coefficients: 0.995 and 1.000, respectively) despite the use of unaltered published force-fields with only one adjustable parameter. Dynamical capabilities of SOAP are illustrated by application to a six residue peptide with a stable conformation (SYPFDV), as well as a flexible nine residue HIV-1 gp120 peptide (TLTSCNTSV from PDB 1hhg). Future extensions, calibrations, and applications are discussed briefly. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481364
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CD14-Dependent and Independent Pathways in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Activation of a Murine B-Cell Line, CH12.LX (2000)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 51 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responsive murine B-cell line, CH12.LX, we assessed the possible role of CD14 in LPS-induced activation of B cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that CH12.LX cells expressed the CD14 molecule with a lower intensity than did the macrophage cell line J774.1. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analysis revealed low, but significant, levels of CD14 mRNA in CH12.LX cells, whose cDNA was identical to that of the mouse macrophage CD14 gene. After stimulation with LPS, CH12.LX cells proliferated, accompanied by up-regulations of CD14, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA, and increased IgM and IgA secretion. In the absence of serum or with the addition of anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies, however, LPS-stimulation induced neither the up-regulation of CD14 and TGF-β mRNA nor an increase in IgA secretion. These findings indicate that CD14 expression is not restricted to myeloid cells, but is involved in some cellular activation events of murine B cells elicited by LPS. Furthermore, a CD14-independent pathway may also exist in the LPS-induced activation of B cells that leads to proliferation, IL-6 production and the enhancement of IgM (but not IgA) secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2000.00696.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggressive natural killer cell leukemia/lymphoma: a comprehensive cytogenetic study by spectral karyotyping (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 79 (2000), S. 519-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Aggressive natural killer cell ; Leukemia/lymphoma ; Spectral karyotyping ; Epstein-Barr virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A 38-year-old male presented with fever and hepatosplenomegaly. Cells that had infiltrated to the bone marrow were consistent immunophenotypically and genotypically with natural killer (NK) cells. Oligoclonal Epstein-Barr virus infection was detected in the bone marrow cells. The patient was diagnosed as a case of aggressive NK cell leukemia/lymphoma. Combined chemotherapy was not effective and death occurred shortly after presentation. Although the karyotype of this case was too complicated to be accurately identified only by G-banding, spectral karyotyping (SKY) analysis not only identified all chromosomal materials of unknown origin, but also detected the cryptic translocation on the apparently normal chromosome. Moreover, SKY analysis identified der(4)t(4;14)(q12;q11.2). The chromosomal band 14q11.2 is a recurring breakpoint in T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and is also the locus of the δ chain of the T-cell receptor. To our knowledge, t(4;14)(q12;q11.2) in T-cell or NK-cell malignancies has not been previously reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770000179
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    c-myc overexpression is not mandatory in aggressive-phase multiple myeloma with Burkitt's type translocation (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 79 (2000), S. 514-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Aggressive-phase multiple myeloma ; Burkitt's type translocation ; Double-color fluorescence in situ hybridization ; c-myc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770000160
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boomerang deformity of cervical spinal cord migrating between split laminae after laminoplasty (2000)
    Springer
    European spine journal 9 (2000), S. 144-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Cervical spine ; Laminoplasty ; Posterior cord ¶migration ; Surgical complication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Patients with cervical compression myelopathy were studied to elucidate the mechanism underlying boomerang deformity, which results from the migration of the cervical spinal cord between split laminae after laminoplasty with median splitting of the spinous processes (boomerang sign). Thirty-nine cases, comprising 25 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, ¶8 patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, and 6 patients with cervical disc herniation with developmental canal stenosis, were examined. The clinical and radiological findings were retrospectively compared between patients with (B group, 8 cases) and without (C group, 31 cases) boomerang sign. Moderate increase of the grade of this deformity resulted in no clinical recovery, although there was no difference in clinical recovery between the two groups. Most boomerang signs developed at the C4/5 and/or C5/6 level, where maximal posterior movement of the spinal cord was achieved. Widths between lateral hinges and between split laminae in the B group were smaller than in the C group. Flatness of the spinal cord in the B group was more severe than in the C group. In conclusion, the boomerang sign was caused by posterior movement of the spinal cord, narrower enlargement of the spinal canal and flatness of the spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860050225
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mosaic horizontal distributions of three species of copepods in the subarctic Pacific during spring (2000)
    Springer
    Marine biology 137 (2000), S. 683-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Continuous abundance estimates (510 m resolution) of the copepods Neocalanus cristatus, N. flemingeri and Metridia pacifica were obtained with an electronic particle counter along cruise tracks in the subarctic western North Pacific in spring. For all three species, the number of patches decreased exponentially with increasing patch size. Most patches (63 to 83%) were dominated by one species, and patches of the same species more closely spaced than patches of different species. The patches of M. pacifica tended to coexist with those of N. cristatus. In contrast, patches of N. flemingeri rarely co-occurred with those of other copepods. These patterns were more clearly observed in fine-scale observations with sampling intervals of 〈31 m. Coherence analysis of copepod species pairs showed no characteristic scale at 2 to 50 km wave lengths. At shorter wave lengths (〈2 km), frequent positive correlations were observed between N. cristatus and M. pacifica. Thus, the distribution of copepods appears to be a mosaic assemblage of patches of each copepod species. These results suggest that copepods have a mechanism to form species-specific aggregations, and the aggregation and segregation processes are maintained at a scale of 〈2 km.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270000338
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen reduction of a RuO2 electrode prepared by DC reactive sputtering (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 35 (2000), S. 4093-4098 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract RuO2 thin films deposited by reactive DC sputtering were heat-treated in a 0.3%-H2 atmosphere at 200°C in order to investigate the reduction property of RuO2. The films were selectively reduced (starting from the interface) because of insufficient oxidation. When the as-deposited RuO2/Si structure was hydrogen-reduced, the RuO2 film was broken into fragments because of poor mechanical strength. On the other hand, the RuO2 film heat-treated once in O2 at 700°C cracked into a star shape as a result of vapor generation and volume shrinkage. The star-shape cracking was still observed even when the RuO2 film was covered with a 90-nm-thick BST film. The mechanical strength and the adhesion of RuO2 were improved to some extent by post-oxidation at high temperatures. However, a way to prevent the morphological destruction could not be found because of the thermodynamic equilibrium during the hydrogen reduction process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004894522975
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