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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating Motifs Under Order Restrictions (2005)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Statistical applications in genetics and molecular biology 4.2005, 1, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1544-6115
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Transcription factors and many other DNA-binding proteins recognizemore than one specific sequence. Among sequences recognized by a givenDNA-binding protein, different positions exhibit varying degrees ofconservation. The reason is that base pairs that are more extensivelycontacted by the protein tend to be more conserved. This observationcan be used in the discovery of transcription factor bindingsites. Here we present a rigorous means to accomplish this. Inparticular, we constrain the order of the information (entropy) in thecolumns of the position specific weight matrix (PWM) whichcharacterizes the motif being sought. We then show how to compute themaximum likelihood estimate of a PWM under such orderrestrictions. This computation is easily integrated with the EMalgorithm or the Gibbs sampler to enhance performance in the searchfor motifs in unaligned sequences. We demonstrate our method on awell-known data set of binding sites of the transcription factor Crpin E. coli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/sagmb/vol4/iss1/art1
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time course of molecular responses of human skeletal muscle to acute bouts of resistance exercise (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 15 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Resistance exercise (RE) training, designed to induce hypertrophy, strives for optimal activation of anabolic and myogenic mechanisms to increase myofiber size. Clearly, activation of these mechanisms must precede skeletal muscle growth. Most mechanistic studies of RE have involved analysis of outcome variables after many training sessions. This study measured molecular level responses to RE on a scale of hours to establish a time course for the activation of myogenic mechanisms. Muscle biopsy samples were collected from nine subjects before and after acute bouts of RE. The response to a single bout was assessed at 12 and 24 h post-exercise. Further samples were obtained 24 and 72 h after a second exercise bout. RE was induced by neuromuscular electrical stimulation to generate maximal isometric contractions in the muscle of interest. A single RE bout resulted in increased levels of mRNA for IGF binding protein-4 (84%), MyoD (83%), myogenin (approximately threefold), cyclin D1 (50%), and p21-Waf1 (16-fold), and a transient decrease in IGF-I mRNA (46%). A temporally conserved, significant correlation between myogenin and p21 mRNA was observed (r=0.70, P〈or=0.02). The mRNAs for mechano-growth factor, IGF binding protein-5, and the IGF-I receptor were unchanged by RE. Total skeletal muscle RNA was increased 72 h after the second serial bout of RE. These results indicate that molecular adaptations of skeletal muscle to loading respond in a very short time. This approach should provide insights on the mechanisms that modulate adaptation to RE and may be useful in evaluating RE training protocol variables with high temporal resolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.453_2.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aging (not so) gracefully (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 37 (2005), S. 1303-1304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] In human oocytes, the fidelity of chromosome segregation declines markedly as women age. For women in their early 20s, less than 3% of all clinically recognized pregnancies are trisomic. But the risk of conceiving a trisomic fetus escalates exponentially for women in their 30s and approaches 35% ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1205-1303
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  • 4
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    Notes on the Constitution (1975)
    New York, N. Y. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Commentary. 60:2 (1975:Aug.) 53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0010-2601
    Topics: General, Interdisciplinary , Theology and Religious Studies
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:1064-1975-060-02-000004
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfit in Infusionslösungen (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 9 commercially available high-calorie carbohydrate solutions were investigated for their sulfite content. It became evident that 6 manufacturers of infusion solutions add varying amounts of sulfite to their solutions. We consider such an addition to be unnecessary and risky from the toxicological point of view.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurden 9 im Handel befindliche hochkalorische Kohlenhydratlösungen auf ihren Gehalt an Sulfit untersucht. Dabei ergab sich, daß 6 Infusionslösungshersteller ihren Lösungen Sulfit in unterschiedlichen Mengen zusetzen. Einen solchen Zusatz halten wir für unnötig und toxikologisch bedenklich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02026535
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regression of line-10 hepatocellular carcinomas following treatment with water-soluble, microbial extracts combined with trehalose or arabinose mycolates (1978)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 4 (1978), S. 61-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intratumor injections of the aqueous phase of phenol-water extracts of Re mutant Salmonella typhimurium (Re glycolipid) in combination with trehalose dimycolate at dose levels of 150 to 15 μg were consistently and highly effective (65–93%) in producing regression of line-10 tumors in strain-2 guinea pigs. We observed that the rate of regression was more rapid than that seen after treatment with cell walls from Mycobacterium bovis strain Bacillus of Calmette and Guèrin (BCG). Arabinose mycolate could be substituted for trehalose dimycolate in the Re glycolipid-mycolate mixture without appreciably compromising antitumor activity, providing that the level of arabinose mycolate was not reduced below 15 μg. In addition to the Re glycolipid preparation, similarly prepared aqueous extracts from Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG and strain AN5 in combination with trehalose dimycolate also possessed tumor-regressive activity. The activity of these last extracts was reduced when the arabinose mycolate was substituted for the trehalose dimycolate. The aqueous extract of a rickettsia, Coxiella burnetii, in combination with either trehalose dimycolate or arabinose mycolate was also active (50 and 80% tumor regression rates, respectively). Intracutaneous administration of Re glycolipid or aqueous extracts from BCG in combination with trehalose or arabinose mycolates did not produce life-threatening, clinical signs of toxicity in young mice. If additional toxicity studies demonstrate that adverse side effects can be satisfactorily controlled, these watersoluble extracts may prove beneficial in the treatment of spontaneous tumors of humans and other animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00205572
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Familiäre Verhältnisse von Drogenabhängigen und ihre Beziehung zur aktuellen Situation (1979)
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 14 (1979), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei einer Stichprobe von 382 schwer Drogenabhängigen wurden Art und Ausma\ des Drogenkonsums in Beziehung gesetzt zu verschiedenen Variablen aus der Lebensgeschichte der Probanden. Es konnte kein Zusammenhang nachgewiesen werden zwischen Art und Ausma\ des Drogenkonsums des Jugendlichen und der Herkunft aus einer unvollständigen Familie (Broken Home), der elterlichen Zugehörigkeit zu einer bestimmten sozialen Schicht und den Konsumgewohnheiten der Eltern. Einzig die sozialen Absteiger sind unter den Fixern übervertreten. ‘Broken Home’ ist eng verknüpft mit einer ganzen Reihe von Faktoren, welche persönliche und soziale Beeinträchtigung beschreiben, wie niedrige Schulbildung, schlechte Berufsausbildung, unregelmä\ige Berufs- und Erwerbstätigkeit, hohe Schulden, Isolation in der Schule, usw. Das in der Untersuchung angewendete Design wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary In a sample of 382 juvenile drug addicts the type and extent of drug consumption were compared with biographical variables of the probands. No connections were found between the pattern of drug consumption and social class of parents, consumption habits of parents, or history of a broken home. Overrepresented in the severely addicted group were young people with less schooling and lower professional status compared with their parents. ‘Broken home’ was closely related to several discriminating factors, such as inferior school education, insufficient professional training, irregular job and income activities, high debts, isolation at school etc. The project's design and the methods used are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583572
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of chlorpromazine with organic solvents and fatty acids as studied by UV-spectrophotometry (1978)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 34 (1978), S. 1047-1049 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The magnitude of the UV-spectral change of chlorpromazine increases in the presence of increasing concentrations of alcohols or fatty acids and with increasing chain length. A maximum is reached with 14.0- or 16.0-fatty acids. The difference spectrum is still larger with unsaturated fatty acids, a maximum effect being obtained with one cis-double bond. The spectral change is abolished by chaotropic and enhanced by antichaotropic agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01915339
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maple syrup urine disease: Treatment of the acutely ill newborn (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 129 (1978), S. 157-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Maple syrup urine disease ; emergency treatment ; Exchange transfusion ; Neonatal period ; Calorie intake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three patients with maple syrup urine disease were treated during the acute neonatal stage. Multiple exchange transfusions proved to be a satisfactory means of achieving rapid clinical and biochemical improvement during this phase. On the other hand, evidence is provided suggesting that in addition to exchange transfusions, a high calorie intake above 150 Cal/kg body weight/day is necessary to lower the plasma concentration of the branched chain amino acids to near-normal levels. As long as this calorie intake was not provided, further exchange transfusions failed to lower the plasma leucine concentration to below 17 mg/100 ml in one patient. It is assumed that this high calorie intake is necessary to prevent the breakdown of endogenous protein. Treatment of acute episodes in maple syrup urine disease should therefore not only eliminate the elevated alpha-keto acids and branched chain amino acids quickly (i.e. by multiple exchange transfusions or peritoneal dialysis), but in addition should provide a high calorie intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442159
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergistic tumor regressive activity observed following treatment of line-10 hepatocellular carcinomas with deproteinized BCG cell walls and mutant Salmonella typhimurium glycolipid (1978)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 5 (1978), S. 45-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synergistic tumor-regressive activity was observed when the water-soluble portion of a phenol-water extract from mutant Salmonella typhimurium whole cells was combined with deproteinized cell walls from Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG. As little as 50 μg deproteinized cell walls combined with 50 μg water-soluble extract from the mutant salmonella produced 89–100% cures of line-10 dermal tumors in treated strain 2 guinea-pigs. However, none of the animals was cured following treatment with 50 μg of deproteinized cell walls alone. Only 17% of treated animals were cured following treatment with 50 μg of the water-soluble extract from the mutant salmonella. The deproteinized cell walls and water-soluble extract were suspended in oil-in-water emulsions and injected directly into 10 mm tumors. The deproteinized cell walls were prepared by treating BCG cell walls with proteolytic enzymes and denaturing agents (KCl, urea, Triton X-100, and guanidine hydrochloride). Urea or a combination of denaturing agents reduced the protein content of protease-treated cell walls from approximately 2% (w/w) protein to 0.7% protein. The antigenicity of the effectively deproteinized cell walls, as measured by skin testing in presensitized guinea-pigs, was reduced approximately ten-fold compared with untreated cell walls. Injection to mice of 500 μg deproteinized cell walls in combination with 500 μg water-soluble extract from the mutant salmonella produced transient, clinical signs of toxicity (malaise, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, and rough hair coats) lasting approximately 5 days. However, no deaths were observed. The synergistic antitumor effect of combining deproteinized BCG cell walls with the water-soluble extract from mutant salmonella may be useful for treatment of certain cases of spontaneous neoplastic disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199207
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