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  • 1
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Tubulinosema ratisbonensis is a microsporidian pathogen of Drosophila melanogaster belonging to the family Tubulinosematidae. The microsporidia in this family mainly cause infections in invertebrate hosts, but two members of this family, Brachiola vesicularum and Brachiola algerae, have been found to cause infections in humans as well. Moreover, B. algerae can be transmitted to immunodeficient mice and grows in mammalian cell cultures. Thus, the examination of the opportunistic properties of other members of the family Tubulinosematidae is important. Spores of T. ratisbonensis, isolated from infected fruit flies, were used to inoculate mammalian and insect cell cultures. Parasite growth was only seen in human lung fibroblasts. No growth was seen in Vero cells or insect cell cultures. Comparison of growth kinetics at 31°C and 37°C showed that there were fewer and smaller parasitic foci in cultures incubated at 37°C. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the typical ultrastructure of T. ratisbonensis, and scanning electron microscopy showed oval or slightly pyriform spores, with some spores having extruded their polar tubes. The PCR-amplified sequences of rDNA fragments from infected cell cultures were 100% identical to the original T. ratisbonensis rRNA sequence. As T. ratisbonensis is able to proliferate in mammalian cell cultures, it may have the opportunistic properties of other members of the family Tubulinosematidae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. A new species of microsporidia from Drosophila melanogaster was investigated by light and electron microscopy and by ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. This microsporidium and the previously described Nosema kingi and Nosema acridophagus have been transferred to the new genus Tubulinosema gen. nov. with the following characters: nuclei are in diplokaryotic arrangement during the life cycle. All stages are in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm, slightly anisofilar polar tube with the last coils being smaller in diameter arranged in one or two rows on both sides of the diplokaryon and small tubuli on the surface of late meronts. Spores are oval or slightly pyriform. Thick endospore wall, thinner over anchoring disc. This new genus and the genus Brachiola have been placed in a new family Tubulinosematidae fam. nov. Phylogenetic analysis of small subunit rRNA sequences by different methods placed Tubulinosema spp. in one clade with the genus Brachiola forming its sister clade, which is distant from the clade containing the true Nosema spp. including Nosema bombycis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 337 (1974), S. 223-228 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Vital Basal Function ; Trend Analysis ; Interdisciplinary Collaboration ; Vitale Grundfunktion ; Trendanalyse ; Interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen Chirurg, Anaesthesist und Internist hat drei Perspektiven. Die erste stellt die operative Optimierung interner Grundtherapie dar. Die zweite bezieht sich auf postoperative Inanspruchnahme des Internisten bei Komplikationen wie Herzinsuffizienz, Nierenversagen oder Hypoventilation, wobei häufig mehrere Störungen vitaler Grundfunktionen gleichzeitig bestehen. Die dritte beinhaltet die Indikation zu konservativem oder operativem Vorgehen, Zeitpunkt der Intervention und die diagnostische Strategie. Es liegt nahe, standardisierte Empfehlungen zu entwickeln, die unter Verwendung statistischer Methoden abstrahiert werden.
    Notes: Summary There are three aspects to interdisciplinary collaboration of surgeon, anesthetist and internist. The first is the surgical optimalization of basic internal treatment. The second involves postoperative care by the internist in the case of such complications as cardiac insufficiency, renal failure, or hypoventilation; frequently several such disorders of vital functions occur together. The third aspect is concerned with decision-making; collaboration is necessary for correct decisions as to whether conservative or surgical treatment is necessary, when any surgical intervention should be performed, and what diagnostic techniques should be used. It is suggested that standardized recommendations be developed and abstracted by statistical methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Atrial pacing ; coronary artery disease ; ECG ; hemodynamics ; stress testing ; Angina pectoris ; Coronarinsuffizienz ; Belastungstest ; EKG ; Kreislaufphysiologie ; Vorhofschrittmacher
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Vergleichende hämodynamische Untersuchungen wurden bei 38 Coronarkranken und ebensoviclen Herzgesunden aus einer Gruppe von 143 Untersuchungen mittels kontrollierter Herzfrequenzsteigerung angestellt. Schon bei Ruhe zeigten die Coronarkranken im Durchschnitt eine niedrigere Förderleistung des Herzens bei gleichem oder gar niedrigerem Füllungsdruck des Herzens und vergleichbarem arteriellem und pulmonal-arteriellem Druck. Das hypokinetische Syndrom war außerdem durch einen erhöhten peripheren Gefäßwiderstand gekennzeichnet. Bei der stufenweisen Erhöhung der Herzfrequenz sank der Füllungsdruck des rechten und des linken Herzens, um erst bei höheren Frequenzen wieder anzusteigen. Diese Drucksenkung war bei Coronarkranken weniger ausgeprägt. Während SVI und MSERI sanken, blieben Herzindex und TPR bei allen geprüften Herzfrequenzen unverändert, ebenso die arteriellen und pulmonal-arteriellen Drucke. Die Herzarbeit stieg bei den Coronarkranken etwas an. Die sonst eine Sinustachykardie begleitende Sympathicusaktivierung blieb aus. Infolgedessen wurde die AV-Überleitungszeit zunehmend länger. Dadurch entwickelte sich sehr rasch eine Vorhofpfropfung, in deren Verlauf die Überhöhung dera-Welle besonners bei den Coronarkranken auffiel. — Die Dauer der mechanischen Systole nahm mit steigender Herzfrequenz ab. Bei Coronarkranken war diese Verkürzung weniger ausgeprägt. Das Phänomen der relativ zu langen Systole wird auf eine gestörte Kontraktionsmechanik zurückgeführt. Bei 18 von 38 Patienten wurde ein pectanginöser Anfall durch die „Belastung“ ausgelöst. Die eintretenden hämodynamischen Veränderungen waren denjenigen im ergometrisch induzierten Anfall ähnlich, wahrscheinlich bedingt durch sekundäre Sympathicusaktivierung. Das Verfahren der kontrollierten Herzfrequenzsteigerung erlaubt eine präzise und reproduzierbare Bestimmung der „Angina pectoris-Schwelle“. Die Methode ist sehr schonend und birgt sicher mancherlei noch ungenutzte, diagnostische und therapeutische Vorteile.
    Notes: Summary 38 patients with coronary artery disease and 38 control subjects out of a group of 143 patients examined with the atrial pacing technique underwent a hemodynamic study. Even at rest coronary patients exhibited lower cardiac output, while filling pressures and arterial as well as pulmonary arterial pressures were identical. The hypokinetic syndrome was furthermore characterized by elevated total peripheral resistance in the coronary patients. Atrial pacing initially led to a fall of right and left heart filling pressures. At higher rates this pressure rose definitely above normal in the coronary group, and particularly so if angina pectoris was present, or after sudden cessation of pacing. While cardiac index and TPR remained unchanged within the range of heart rates tested, cardiac work increased slightly in the coronary group. These cases required higher ventricular filling pressures to maintain cardiac output. Progressive prolongation of the PR-interval led to the development of gianta-waves in the right and probably also the left atrial pressure pulse. The height of thea-wave was conspicously exaggerated in the coronary disease group. Left ventricular ejection time shortened progessively with rising heart rate. However, this was not observed in the diseased group. Here, a relative prolongation of the duration of mechanical systole was observed and interpreted as evidence of altered contractile properties of the ischemic myocardium. 18 of 38 patients developed angina pectoris during atrial pacing. Hemodynamic changes in this group resmbled those in exercise-induced angina, the reason being most likely a secondary activation of the sympathetic system. Atrial pacing provides a precise and reproducible means for determination of the angina threshold. The hemodynamic alterations, however, appear to be fundamentally different of those occuring in spontaneous or exercise-induced angina. Diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of the atrial pacing method appear considerable, yet they are largely unexplored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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