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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micromagnetism in mesoscopic epitaxial Fe dot arrays (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 7019-7021 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The domain structures of epitaxial Fe (20 nm)/GaAs(100) circular dot arrays (diameters from 50 to 1 μm) were studied with magnetic force microscopy. A transition from a single domain to a multidomain remanent state was observed upon reducing the dot diameter beneath 10 μm in dot arrays with the separation twice the dot diameter. When the separation is reduced to half the dot diameter, the single domain states were found to "collapse" into stripe-like multidomain states due to local dipole coupling between dots. Micromagnetic simulations further suggest that for ultrathin Fe dots of less than about 2 nm thickness the diameter does not have a significant influence on the domain structures due to a dramatic reduction of the dipole energy. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372917
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Domain wall trapping in controlled submicron ferromagnetic elements (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 4727-4729 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The domain configuration in permalloy wires (30 nm thick, 10 μm wide, and 205 μm long) with a wide size range of a narrow central bridge (5 μm long and w μm wide; 0.5≤w≤10 μm) were investigated in both their demagnetized and remanent states using magnetic force microscopy and the results were confirmed by micromagnetic calculations. At the bridge region, domain walls were found to be shifted by a small external field. Scanning magneto-optical Kerr effect revealed that the coercivity in these structures are the same as that in a straight wire, suggesting that domain wall movement is the dominant process in the magnetization reversal of these structures. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373140
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Domain nucleation processes in mesoscopic Ni80Fe20 wire junctions (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 3032-3036 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetization reversal process in permalloy (Ni80Fe20) wire junction structures has been investigated using magnetoresistance (MR) measurements and scanning Kerr microscopy. A combination of electron beam lithography and a lift-off process has been utilized to fabricate wires consisting of two 200 μm length regions with distinct widths w1 and w2 in the range 1–5 μm. Longitudinal MR measurements and magneto-optic Kerr effect hysteresis loops demonstrate that the magnetization reversal of the complete structure is predominantly determined by the wider region for fields applied parallel to the wire axis. Magnetic force microscopy and micromagnetic calculations show that several domain walls nucleate in the wider part and are trapped in the junction area. This implies that domain nucleation at the junction of the wire initiates magnetization reversal in the narrow half. As a consequence, the switching fields are found to be identical in both halves in this case. These results suggest the possibility of designing structures which can be used to "launch" reverse domains in narrow wires within a controlled field range. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372295
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spin orientation in an exchange coupled Fe/Cr/Fe trilayer determined by polarized neutron reflection : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6295-6297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have used polarized neutron reflection to determine the layer-dependent spin orientations in an antiferromagnetically coupled 100 A(ring) Cr/50 A(ring) Fe/15 A(ring) Cr/50 A(ring) Fe/Si sandwich structure prepared by sputtering. At low field, the net Fe layer magnetic moments align in an asymmetric canted orientation with a near zero total magnetic moment for the sample. At high fields, a canted state, nearly symmetric with respect to the applied field direction is observed and the magnetization in each layer does not reach the bulk saturation value until the layers are ferromagnetically aligned. The behavior is discussed in the context of current theories of exchange coupling. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362041
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene-N-methylanilide complex (1974)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 39 (1974), S. 272-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00916a045
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spread-spectrum signals and the chaotic logistic map (1999)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 18 (1999), S. 59-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Chaotic systems provide a simple means of generating deterministic signals that resemble white noise. It is this noise-like property that provides the potential for applying chaotic systems in communications. In this work, we report a detailed study of the logistic map for use as direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS/SS) codes. The advantages of the chaotic DS/SS codes are the almost unlimited number of distinct sequences of arbitrary lengths, the ease of generating these sequences, and the increased privacy afforded by the noise-like appearance of these sequences. Some design criteria are provided from the correlation properties of these sequences, and bit-error rate (BER) results are generated by Monte Carlo simulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01206545
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping quantitative and qualitative disease resistance genes in a doubled haploid population of barley (Hordeum vulgare) (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 101 (2000), S. 580-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Barley ; Genome mapping ; Stripe rust ; Leaf rust ; BYDV ; Resistance Gene Analog Polymorphism ; QTL
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Stripe rust, leaf rust, and Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) are important diseases of barley (Hordeum vulgare L). Using 94 doubled-haploid lines (DH) from the cross of Shyri x Galena, multiple disease phenotype datasets, and a 99-marker linkage map, we determined the number, genome location, and effects of genes conferring resistance to these diseases. We also mapped Resistance Gene Analog Polymorphism (RGAP) loci, based on degenerate motifs of cloned disease resistance genes, in the same population. Leaf rust resistance was determined by a single gene on chromosome 1 (7H). QTLs on chromosomes 2 (2H), 3 (3H), 5 (1H), and 6 (6H) were the principal determinants of resistance to stripe rust. Two- locus QTL interactions were significant determinants of resistance to this disease. Resistance to the MAV and PAV serotypes of BYDV was determined by coincident QTLs on chromosomes 1 (7H), 4 (4H), and 5 (1H). QTL interactions were not significant for BYDV resistance. The associations of molecular markers with qualitative and quantitative disease resistance loci will be a useful information for marker-assisted selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051519
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etching of melt-processed YBa2Cu3O7−δ for SEM image analysis (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 15 (1996), S. 1833-1835 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264069
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling of the three-dimensional structure of luffin-α and its simulated reaction with the substrate oligoribonucleotide GAGA (1996)
    Springer
    The protein journal 15 (1996), S. 649-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Ribosome-inactivating proteins ; luffin-α ; 3D structure ; neural network ; substrate interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A fundamental problem in biochemistry and molecular biology is understanding the spatial structure of macromolecules and then analyzing their functions. In this study, the three-dimensional structure of a ribosome-inactivating protein luffin-α was predicted using a neural network method and molecular dynamics simulation. A feedforward neural network with the backpropagation learning algorithm were trained on model class of homologous proteins including trichosanthin andα-momorcharin. The distance constraints for the Cα atoms in the protein backbone were utilized to generate a folded crude conformation of luffin-α by model building and the steepest descent minimization approach. The crude conformation was refined by molecular dynamics techniques and a simulated annealing procedure. The interaction between luffin-α and its analogous substrate GAGA was also simulated to understand its action mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01886747
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genome scanning for resistance-gene analogs in rice, barley, and wheat by high-resolution electrophoresis (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 345-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Candidate genes ; Disease resistance genes ; Germplasm diversity ; Host-pathogen interaction ; Molecular marker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Genes cloned from diverse plants for resistance to different pathogens have sequence similarities in domains presumably involved in pathogen recognition and signal transduction in triggering the defense response. Primers based on the conserved regions of resistance genes often amplify multiple fragments that may not be separable in an agarose gel. We used denaturing polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis to detect PCR products of plant genomic DNA amplified with primers based on conserved regions of resistance genes. Depending upon the primer pairs used, 30–130 bands were detected in wheat, rice, and barley. As high as 47%, 40%, and 27% of the polymorphic bands were detected in rice, barley, and wheat, respectively, and as high as 12.5% of the polymorphic bands were detected by certain primers in progeny from a cross of the wheat cultivars ‘Stephens’ and ‘Michigan Amber’. Using F6 recombinant inbred lines from the ‘Stephens’בMichigan Amber’ cross, we demonstrated that polymorphic bands amplified with primers based on leucine-rich repeats, nucleotide-binding sites and protein kinase genes, were inherited as single loci. Linkages between molecular markers and stripe rust resistance genes were detected. This technique provides a new way to develop molecular markers for assessing the genetic diversity of germplasm based upon potential candidate resistance genes in diverse species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050905
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