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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 6 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nevus cells exhibit growth characteristics in culture which differentiate them from melanocytes and melanoma cells. We examined the expression of c-jun, c-fos and jun-B mRNA levels in cultures of different melanocytic cell types to determine if biologic differences among these cells was due to their level of proto-oncogene expression. Because cell growth and differentiation are also known to be affected by serum conditions, the expression of c-jun, c-fos and jun-B was examined under normal serum conditions and serum starved and repleted conditions which stimulates proto-oncogene expression. Expression of c-jun and jun-B was not significantly different among the cell types studied under normal serum conditions, or serum starved and refed conditions and c-fos was not detectable in any of the unstimulated cell types. In contrast, when the cells were serum starved and refed, the level of c-fos expression was uniformly increased (2-10 fold) in 3 different nevus ceil lines. This increase was not seen in normal melanocyte cultures or 2 melanoma cell lines. With serum deprivation and repletion, c-fos was also elevated in 1 melanoma cell line. We conclude that the regulation of the proto-oncogene c-fos is different in nevus cells than in normal melanocytes, which may contribute to the different growth characteristics seen with nevus cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 140 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cicatricial pemphigoid (CP) is a subepidermal, autoimmune bullous dermatosis. It is classified as a clinical subset of bullous pemphigoid (BP). However, it differs from BP in some significant ways: (i) in CP mucosal involvement with clinical scarring is prominent; (ii) there is a prominent IgA class antibody response alone or in addition to the IgG class antibody response; and (iii) there is a heterogeneous antibody response in CP, whereas in BP the majority of the antibodies are directed against a 180-kDa hemidesmosomal protein, bullous pemphigoid antigen 2 (BPAg2). Oesophageal involvement in CP is a rare, but often devastating manifestation. In this study we examined the humoral autoimmune response in oesophageal CP, in an attempt to characterize the autoantibody reactivity profile. We used direct and indirect immunofluorescence and Western immunoblotting using normal human skin and oesophagus substrates. We studied patient sera over time in order to search for evidence of epitope spreading in these patients. All patients had positive direct immunofluorescence of perilesional oesophageal epithelium. All patients had positive circulating antibasement membrane zone autoantibody titres. There was a significant IgA class in addition to an IgG class autoantibody response. IgA and IgG antibodies demonstrated significant reactivity with BPAg2 and the 97 kDa linear IgA disease antigen on Western immunoblot suggesting intraprotein epitope spreading. There was no evidence of interprotein epitope spreading over time. Our findings suggest that there is a heterogeneous antibody response in oesophageal CP with the predominant antigen being BPAg2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 1 (1996), S. 201-206 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Forensic science ; Toxicological analysis ; Quality assurance ; Round robins ; Accreditation of forensic laboratories
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  In this paper, we review the work done in forensic toxicological analysis during about the last 30 years in Europe and to some extent in other parts of the world to assure the quality of toxicological investigations. Guidelines for carrying out toxicological analyses set up by professional bodies in the United States (AAFS/SOFT), Europe (GTFCh) and worldwide (TIAFT) are mentioned, and the problems of complying with the regulations set up in EN 45 000/ISO 9000 are discussed in detail. There are still diverging opinions as to whether toxicological laboratories should comply with good laboratory practice or with EN 45 000, and, as fas as Germany, Switzerland and Austria are concerned, a working group of the GTFCh is discussing which procedure should be adopted. Apart from having this discussion, the group aims to standardize suitable methods and is planning the organization of suitable round robins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words CcmH ; Cytochrome c maturation ; Dithiol reduction pathway ; Escherichia coli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The CcmH protein of Escherichia coli is encoded by the last gene of the ccm gene cluster required for cytochrome c maturation. A mutant in which the entire ccmH gene was deleted failed to synthesize both indigenous and foreign c-type cytochromes. However, deletion of the C-terminal hydrophilic domain homologous to CycH of other gram-negative bacteria affected neither the biogenesis of indigenous c-type cytochromes nor that of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum cytochrome c 550. This confirmed that only the N-terminal domain containing a conserved CXXC motif is required in E. coli. PhoA fusion analysis showed that this domain is periplasmic. Site-directed mutagenesis of the cysteines of the CXXC motif revealed that both cysteines are required for cytochrome c maturation during aerobic growth, whereas only the second cysteine is required for cytochrome c maturation during anaerobic growth. The deficiency of the point mutants was complemented when 2-mercapto-ethanesulfonic acid was added to growing cells; other thiol compounds did not stimulate cytochrome c formation in these strains. We propose a model for the reaction sequence in which CcmH keeps the heme binding site of apocytochrome c in a reduced form for subsequent heme ligation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1279-8509
    Keywords: Hemophilia ; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ; Cohort ; Age ; AIDS ; Death
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract HEMOCO is a multicenter prospective cohort set up in 1989 to monitor 407 French hemophiliacs infected by HIV-1 and recruited in 4 hemophilia treatment centers in the Paris region. As of 15 July 1995, 42% of the patients in the cohort had developed stage B HIV disease and 29% stage C disease (AIDS); 23.1% of the patients had died. The cumulative proportion of patients with AIDS was 4.5% at 5 years and 27.4% at 10 years, while the respective mortality rates were 3.8% and 19.5%. In our study, only age was predictive of AIDS, with an estimated relative risk of 1.2 per 10-year age increment; this factor was also predictive of death. After 10 years of follow-up, 6.1% of the study population had no clinical or laboratory signs of immunodepression. The follow-up protocol in the HEMOCO protocol is the same as that in the French SEROCO study, which includes men infected by HIV-1 through sexual contact. This will allow us to compare the progression of HIV infection between these two exposure groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Liver resection ; Virtual reality ; Risk scoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The risk involved in partial liver resections depends mainly on tumor localization, invasion of central vascular structures, and parenchymal function. The imaging techniques available today (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) allow us to detect precisely the extent of tumor invasion and their relationship to central vessels. The various three-dimensional reconstruction techniques are helpful with regard to a virtual planning of liver resections. The calculation of remaining liver volumes subsequent to partial hepatectomies are considered to be an essential predictive parameter in terms for the development of postoperative liver failure. In a retrospective and a later consecutive, prospective clinical study we analyzed the postoperative risk in a series of 570 patients. In an univariate analysis 13 of 31 parameters showed significant values. In multivariate analysis only three parameters (partial hepatic resection rate, PHRR), γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, and prothrombin activity) were independent parameters for predicting liver failure, generating the most significant values for the PHRR. In our experience the most comfortable and precise technique for evaluating PHRR is the b-spline technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Internist 40 (1999), S. 601-604 
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Drogen ; Nachweis ; Sucht ; Drogennachweis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zum Thema Eine ausgefeilte Analytik vom Schnelltest bis hin zur Gaschromatographie-Massenspektrometrie macht den Drogennachweis unter Umständen noch Monate nach der Einnahme möglich. Bei der Auswahl der Testverfahren sind natürlich auch ökonomische Gesichtspunkte und – je nach Herstellerfirma – unterschiedliche Empfindlichkeiten zu berücksichtigen. Im klinischen, vor allem aber im forensischen Bereich muß der Sicherheit der Ergebnisse von immunologischen Testverfahren besondere Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet werden. Bei deren Anwendung, z.B. bei Amphetaminen, zu denen auch die Ecstasy-Verbindungen zählen, sind möglicherweise falsch-negative Befunde nicht auszuschließen. Auch die Ärztinnen und Ärzte, die mit Drogenabhängigen nur marginalen Kontakt und wenig Erfahrungen haben, sollten informiert sein, welcher Methoden man sich zum Drogennachweis bedient. Darüber wird in dieser Arbeit recht verständlich referiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1434-5196
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Methadon ; Levomethadon ; Dosis/Wirkungsbeziehung ; Stereoselektiver Nachweis ; HPLC-Analytik ; Therapeutic drug monitoring ; Methadon-assoziierte Todesfälle ; Keywords Methadone ; Levomethadone ; Dose-effect relationship ; Enantio-selective analysis ; HPLC analysis ; Therapeutic drug monitoring Methadone-associated death
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In Germany, there is a special situation that racemic dl-methadone and the (biologically effective) l-form (levomethadone) are both used as a substitute for heroin. The therapeutic effect of methadone is stereo-specific and the metabolism is also enantioselective. Therefore an approach to the dose-effect relationship of methadone requires an enantioselective analytical separation. For this a HPLC method was optimised especially for post-mortem blood samples. After liquid/¶liquid extraction with 1-chlorobutane, the extract was separated on a column combination of 4 cm CN and 10 cm chiral AGP phases with the solvent AcN/ 0.01 M PO4 buffer ¶pH 5.0/ dimethyloctlyamine (15/85/0.5). ¶The methadone enantiomers elute baseline separated at approx. 15 min (l-form) and ¶18 min (d-form). The two EDDP-enantiomers and drugs which are frequently consumed supplementary to methadone such as heroin, cocaine, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, antiepileptics etc. , do not interfere with detection. With this method the methadone l/d-ratio was determined in 93 serum samples from living addicts and 106 post-mortem blood samples from drug deaths. From the l/d-ratio and the concentration of total methadone as determined by other methods (GC-MS or RP-HPLC) the l-methadone concentration was calculated. In approximately 50% of the post-mortem samples the l-methadone concentration was higher than 0.3 mg/l, whereas this level was exceeded in only one of the living persons. ¶If dl-methadone was taken, the individual l/d-ratio in blood samples from living as ¶well as deceased persons differed greatly ranging from approx. 25/75 to 75/25, with ¶a mean of 50/50. In samples from 1999, ¶l-methadone was found exclusively in approx. 20% of the cases. In some cases it was obvious that both l- and dl-methadone had been used. Fatal cases with high l-methadone concentrations (〉1 mg/l) gave rise to concern, because the l/d-ratio greatly exceeded 50/50in all cases . This could be considered as an indication of an individually extremely slow metabolism of l-methadone in these cases, resulting in an accumulation of l-methadone. These examples from the forensic casework demonstrate the necessity of an enantioselective quantification of ¶l-methadone as used for therapeutic drug monitoring and in forensic cases.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In Deutschland wird Methadon sowohl als Racemat (dl-Methadon) als auch in der ¶allein wirksamen l-Form (Levomethadon) als Substitutionsmittel angewandt. Die Wirkung von Methadon ist stereospezifisch, auch der Metabolismus ist stereoselektiv. Wenn man sich daher insbesondere aus ¶forensischer Sicht der Frage einer Dosis/¶Wirkungsbeziehung von Methadon nähern will, ist eine strereoselektive Analytik Voraussetzung. Eine HPLC-Methode wurde hierfür insbesondere zur routinemäßigen Anwendung an Leichenblutproben optimiert: Nach fl./fl.-Extraktion mit 1-Chlorbutan wurde der Extrakt auf einer Säulenkombination aus ¶4 cm CN- und 10 cm chiraler AGP-Phase mit AcN/ 0,01 M PO4-Puffer pH 5,0/Dimethyloctylamin (15/85/0,05) aufgetrennt. Die Methadon-Enantiomeren eluieren Basislinien-getrennt bei ca. 15 min (l-Form) bzw. 18 min (d-Form). Die beiden EDDP-Enantiomeren und typische Beigebrauchsstoffe (Heroin, Kokain, Benzodiazepine, trizyklische Antidepressiva, Antiepileptika u. a.) stören nicht. Mit dieser Methode wurde das l/d-Verhält-nis in 93 Serumproben von lebenden Probanden und 106 Leichenblutproben bestimmt und aus der mit anderen Methoden (GC-MS, RP-HPLC) ermittelten Gesamtmethadonkonzentration die Levomethadonkonzentration berechnet. In etwa der Hälfte der Todesfälle lag die Levomethadonkonzentration über 0,3 mg/l, ein Wert, der bei den Lebenden nur in einem Fall überschritten wurde. Bei Racemataufnahme lag das individuelle l/d-Verhältnis im Blut bei Lebenden wie Leichen ¶etwa zwischen 25/75 und 75/25, im Mittel bei 50/50. In Proben aus 1999 wurden in ca. 20% der Fälle ausschließlich Levomethadon gefunden. Auffallend waren einige Fälle, in denen offensichtlich eine gemischte Versorgung mit Levomethadon plus Racemat erfolgt ist. Anlass zu Bedenken geben Todesfälle mit hohen Levomethadonkonzentration (〉1 mg/l), bei denen das l/d-Racematverhältnis ausnahmslos deutlich über 50/50 lag. Dies könnte als Hinweis darauf gewertet werden, dass in diesen Fällen eine besonders langsame Metabolisierung von l-Methadon zu einer tödlichen Kumulation von l-Methadon geführt hat. Unsere Fälle aus der forensischen Praxis zeigen die Notwendigkeit einer stereoselektiven Quantifizierung von Levomethadon sowohl zum therapeutic drug monitoring als auch in forensischen Fällen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 70 (2000), S. 351-354 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 42.55.Ye
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. cw Raman lasing of Na2 molecules generated in a heated, sealed-off, all-sapphire cell is demonstrated. Being not damaged by highly corrosive alkaline vapours, this type of cell enables operation without buffer gas in contrast to the normal heatpipe operation of these lasers. This allows us to study Raman lasers in alkaline vapours in new regimes and under ideal conditions. With an argon ion pump laser at 488 nm, Raman laser operation at 525 nm with more than 10% efficiency and thresholds below 0.2 mW for a cell without buffer gas (length 9 cm) have been obtained so far. The low thresholds, being a factor of 10 less than for comparable heatpipe operation, gives us the chance to use low-power diode lasers as pump sources and to realize compact reliable Raman laser systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 70 (2000), S. 527-527 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 42.55.Mv
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. It is observed that the efficiency of the DCM dye dissolved in ethylene glycol benzyl alcohol can be enhanced if the dye is preheated at a temperature of 150 °C. Peak powers as high as 1.5 W have been achieved with a single-mode ring dye laser at 640 nm when pumped by 9 W (all lines) from an argon-ion laser. The wavelength region has been also extended beyond both ends of the tuning curve compared to a conventionally prepared DCM dye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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