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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning and linkage analysis of complement C3 and C4 genes of the Japanese medaka fish (2000)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 51 (2000), S. 117-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Complement ; C3 ; C4 ; Medaka fish ; Linkage analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The thioester-containing complement components, C3 and C4, are believed to have arisen by gene duplication from a common ancestor, and the mammalian C4 gene resides in the vicinity of the C2 and B genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region. To analyze the evolution of both the complement system and the MHC, we determined the complete primary structures of two C3 genes, termed Orla C3-1 and Orla C3-2, and one C4 gene, termed Orla C4, of a teleost, Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes), by analyzing cDNA clones isolated from a liver library constructed using the inbred AA2 strain. The deduced basic structures of Orla C3-1, C3-2, and C4, such as the subunit chain structure, the thioester site, and the proteolytic activation site, are similar to their mammalian counterparts. However, the catalytic His residue which greatly increases the rate of thioester reaction, is replaced by Ala in Orla C3-2, implying functional differentiation between two C3 molecules. Mapping analysis revealed a close linkage between the C3-1 and C3-2 genes, indicating that they arose by a local duplication rather than by a genome-wide tetraploidization. The C4 gene belongs to a different linkage group, and no linkage was observed among the C3, C4, Bf/C2, MHC class I, and MHC class II loci. These results suggest that the MHC class III complement region was established in the tetrapod lineage, or lost in the teleost lineage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050020
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of eotaxin production by interleukin-4, interleukin-13 and lipopolysaccharide by nasal fibroblasts (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background There is growing evidence that eotaxin is a key mediator in the development of tissue eosinophilia. Fibroblasts are a major source of eotaxin. The severity of diseases with eosinophilic inflammation like nasal polyposis, atopic dermatitis and asthma, where Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) and TGF-β are expressed locally, was shown to correlate with bacterial factors such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) rather than allergen.Objective We examined eotaxin production by nasal fibroblasts stimulated with IL-4 or IL-13 alone or in combination with LPS, and the effect of TGF-β1 on it. Moreover, we compared the magnitude of eotaxin produced by nasal fibroblasts with that produced by lung or skin fibroblasts.Methods Fibroblast lines were established from human biopsy tissue. The expression of eotaxin mRNA was evaluated by RT-PCR. The amount of eotaxin in the supernatants was measured by ELISA.Results IL-4, but not IL-13, synergized with LPS to produce eotaxin in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Sequential treatment of nasal fibroblasts with IL-4 and LPS did not have any effect. But when IL-4 and LPS were added together, synergy for eotaxin production was observed. Moreover, this synergy was observed in nasal and skin fibroblasts, but not in lung fibroblasts. The production of eotaxin by IL-4 and LPS was modulated by TGF-β1.Conclusion These results suggest that a co-stimulus like LPS is necessary for IL-4 to make a strong induction of eotaxin in eosinophilic inflammations such as nasal polyposis. Modulation by TGF-β1 may have important implications for the development of eosinophilic inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.1954.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential expression of dihydropyrimidinase-related protein genes in developing and adult enteric nervous system (2000)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 113 (2000), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Dihydropyrimidinase-related proteins (DRPs) are involved in axonal outgrowth and pathfinding. However, little is known about their significance in the enteric nervous system (ENS), the largest and most complex division of the peripheral nervous system. Using in situ hybridization (ISH) and northern blotting, we examined mRNA expression of DRP-1–4 transcripts in the developing and adult mouse digestive tract and in the adult human colon. ISH detected the mouse DRP-3 transcript in the developing ENS on embryonic day (E)12 and at the later stages as well as in the adult intestine. Mouse DRP-1 and -2 transcripts appeared at E14. DRP-2 transcript was also detected in the adult intestine although DRP-1 expression was lower in the adult. DRP-4 gene was not expressed in the ENS during development or adulthood whereas the signal was apparent in the developing and adult central nervous system (CNS). The DRP expression pattern in the human colon was similar to that of the mouse large intestine. Northern blot analysis showed that DRPs were differentially expressed in the mouse and human intestines, supporting the results of ISH. These data suggest that DRPs play a role not only in the CNS but also in the ENS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050005
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fourth component of Xenopus laevis complement: cDNA cloning and linkage analysis of the frog MHC (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 43 (1996), S. 360-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract   Complement C4 shows extensive structural and functional similarity to complement C3, hence these components are believed to have originated by gene duplication from a common ancestor. Although to date C3 cDNA clones have been isolated from all major classes of extant vertebrates including Xenopus, C4 cDNA clones have been isolated from mammalian species only. We describe here the molecular cloning and structural analysis of Xenopus C4 cDNA. The cDNA sequence encoding the thioester region of Xenopus C4 was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using Xenopus liver mRNA as a template, and then used to screen a liver cDNA library. The amino acid sequence of Xenopus C4 deduced from a clone containing the entire protein-coding sequence showed 39%, 30%, 25%, and 20% overall identity with those of human C4, C3, C5, and α2-macroglobulin, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequence consisted of a 22-residue putative signal peptide, a 634-residue β chain, a 732-residue α chain, and a 287-residue γ chain. Of 30 cysteine residues, 27 were found in exactly the same positions as in human C4. Genomic Southern blotting analysis indicated that C4 is a single copy gene in Xenopus and is part of the frog MHC cluster. These results clearly demonstrate that C3/C4 gene duplication and linkage between the C4 gene and the major histocompatibility complex predate mammalian/amphibian divergence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050076
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic linkage between the LMP2 and LMP7 genes in the medaka fish, a teleost (1997)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 46 (1997), S. 431-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050298
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Initial Low Flow Reperfusion and Surfactant Administration on the Viability of Perfused Cadaveric Rat Lungs (1999)
    Springer
    Lung 177 (1999), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Key words: Lung transplantation—Non–heart-beating donor—Warm ischemia—Surfactant—Ischemia-reperfusion injury.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. To expand the cadaveric lung donor pool, protecting the endothelium and alveoli from warm ischemia and reperfusion injury is important. The effects of initial low flow reperfusion and surfactant administration were studied in non–heart-beating donor lungs. The rat heart-lung bloc was excised immediately (group 1) or 30 min (groups 2–4) after euthanasia (n= 6 in each group). The graft was ventilated and reperfused (50 ml/min) immediately after excision for 1 h in groups 1 and 2. In groups 3 and 4, the reperfusion flow rate was increased gradually to 50 ml/min, while ensuring that the pulmonary arterial pressure did not exceed 40 mmHg. Then the graft was reperfused for 1 h. Surfactant was introduced into the airway in group 4 before reperfusion. Airway pressure (AWP) and pulmonary arterial pressure were monitored during reperfusion. After reperfusion, the wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) of the right lung was calculated, and histologic examination using trypan blue staining of the left lung was performed. In group 2, lung failure appeared in all animals during reperfusion. In group 3, although all lungs were reperfused for 1 h, AWP and W/D were higher than in group 1. In group 4, AWP and W/D were lower than in group 3. Histologic examination showed that surfactant administration had attenuated the alveolar cell death. To avoid damage caused by high pulmonary arterial pressure associated with graft reperfusion, iniital low flow reperfusion was beneficial in cadaveric lungs. Surfactant administration before reperfusion was effective in preventing pulmonary edema.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007625
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning and linkage analysis of the Japanese medaka fish complement Bf/C2 gene (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 44 (1996), S. 459-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Evolutionary studies of complement factor B (Bf) and C2 in lower vertebrates have revealed the presence of the Bf/C2 common ancestor-like molecule in lamprey (cyclostome) and the Bf molecule encoded by the duplicated genes closely linked to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in Xenopus (amphibian). To further define when Bf/C2 gene duplication occurred and when linkage between the Bf/C2 gene and the MHC was established, we amplified the Bf/C2 sequences in teleost, the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), by reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction with primers corresponding to the common amino acid sequences shared by mammalian Bf and C2. Only a single molecular species has been amplified, and the corresponding cDNA clones were isolated from the liver cDNA library. The longest insert contained 2384 nucleotides with an open reading frame of 754 residues. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 33.6% and 34.1% overall identity with the human Bf and C2 sequences, respectively, hence this clone was named medaka Bf/C2. The single-copy medaka Bf/C2 gene had exactly the same exon-intron organization as the mammalian Bf and C2 genes, and spanned about 8 kilobases. The Bf/C2 locus was mapped to the close proximity (2.9 cM) of the superoxide dismutase locus on the linkage group XX by the use of a restriction site polymorphism between two inbred strains of the medaka.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050153
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Focal Myositis: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings and Peripheral Arterial Administration of Prednisolone (1999)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 18 (1999), S. 495-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Key words:Arterial injection – Focal myositis – Magnetic resonance imaging – Prednisolone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We report two patients with biopsy-proven focal myositis, successfully treated with a peripheral arterial injection of low-dose prednisolone. Spin-echo T2-weighted magnetic resonance images helped to identify affected muscles and proved to be useful for montoring treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100670050146
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