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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Useful applications of DNA repair tests for differential diagnosis of atypical dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria from xeroderma pigmentosum (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 144 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) is a hereditary skin disease characterized by the presence of pigmented and hypopigmented macules on the extremities and freckles on the face. However, if clinical features are not fully developed in infantile patients, it is difficult to differentiate DSH from xeroderma pigmentosum by clinical features alone. A 2-year-old boy (patient 1), revealed atypical features of DSH with slight susceptibility to sunburn. However, his grandfather (patient 4) who was 67 years old, revealed typical features of DSH, which helped to make an exact diagnosis in patient 1. For patient 2, a 5-year-old boy, and patient 3, a 3-year-old girl, it was more difficult to make a diagnosis because there were no family members with DSH features. DNA repair ability was tested for all four cases by means of unscheduled DNA synthesis and colony formation of skin fibroblasts after ultraviolet light irradiation, which resulted in an accurate diagnosis of DSH. We propose that these tests be performed to make a diagnosis of DSH in the case of poor or atypical clinical symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.03968.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Angiosarcoma of the scalp: absence of vascular endothelial cadherin in primary and metastatic lesions (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 144 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A 73-year-old man with angiosarcoma of the scalp died about 1 year after disease onset, despite systemic and topical administration of recombinant interleukin-2. Histopathology showed typical changes of endothelial cells with very sparse lymphocytic infiltration into the tumour. An autopsy revealed that the primary site penetrated cranial bone and invaded vertically into the subarachnoid space. Multiple metastases to lung, chest wall, vertebrae and ribs were also found. On immunofluorescence staining, the expression of vascular endothelial cadherin, which is present in normal endothelium, was absent from both primary and metastatic sites. This may have promoted local invasion and metastasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04032.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tufted angioma (angioblastoma): case report and review of 41 cases in the Japanese literature (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 25 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We report a 53-year-old man with a 2-year history of a violaceous indurated plaque on the shoulder. Although angiosarcoma was clinically suspected, histological examination revealed numerous lobules (‘tufts’) with cleft-like vascular lumina throughout the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Tumour cells had no nuclear atypia and were positive for CD34, but almost negative for factor VIII-related antigen. These findings were compatible with a diagnosis of tufted angioma, or angioblastoma. We reviewed 41 cases reported in Japan and found that, although most patients presented during the first year of life (23/41), the condition does occur throughout childhood and adult life. Both sexes are affected equally and, contrary to some reports, it is unlikely that oestrogens have a pathogenic role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2000.00724.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition by a novel peptide leukotriene receptor antagonist ONO-1078 of airway wall thickening and airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine induced by leukotriene C4 or leukotriene D4 in guinea-pigs (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 24 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We studied the effect of intravenous administration of leukotriene (LT) C4 or LTD., on airway responsiveness to histamine and airway wall thickening in guinea-pigs. Guinea-pigs were killed and the lungs were fixed in formalin. Slides from paraffin-embedded section of the lungs were stained and the airways that were cut in transverse section were measured by tracing enlarged images using a digitizer, Moreover, airway resistance (Raw) was determined by a pulmonary mechanics analyser and we calculated two indices, an index of airway wall thickening and the one of airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine, from changes of baseline-Raw and peak-Raw following intravenous administration of histamine before and after the intravenous administration of LTC4 or LTD4. The infusion of LTC4 or LTD4 induced an increase of the relative thickness of the airway wall in peripheral bronchi demonstrable by the histological examination. In analysis of airway function, intravenous administration of LTC4 or LTD4 induced airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine with airway wall thickening. The LTC4 and LTD4 receptor antagonist ONO-1078 inhibited these effects of LTC4 and LTD4, suggesting LTC4 and LTD4 may induce airway wall thickening and airway hyperresponsiveness through LTC4 and LTD4 receptors in the airways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02729.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal sensitization for itch in patients with chronic pruritus (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc
    Experimental dermatology 13 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Itch is one of the major symptoms of various skin diseases. Although specific neuronal pathways for itch were identified both peripherally and centrally, they still fail to explain itchy skin observed in patients with chronic pruritus. In this study, sensitivity to itchy and painful stimuli in patients with atopic dermatitis was investigated. Histamine-prick evoked enormous itch in their lesional skin, while less itch in their non-lesional skin than healthy subjects. Flare reaction was not significantly different between their non-lesional and lesional skin, rather smaller than healthy subjects. Mechanical (pin-pricks), electrical, heat and chemical (injection of pH3 solution) stimuli evoked intense itch in their lesional skin and partly also in their non-lesional skin, while only pain in healthy subjects. Itch was also, but not intensely, evoked in healthy subjects by injection of pH3 solution after sufficient histamine stimuli. These results confirm the presence of itchy skin with hyperkinesis (excessive itch by itchy stimuli) and allokinesis (itch by non-itchy stimuli) in patients with atopic dermatitis, which is so intense that painful stimuli cannot suppress but evoke itch, and suggest that neuronal sensitization is involved in their itch not only peripherally but also centrally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.0212ch.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What is the physiological function of mast cells? (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 12 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  Under physiological conditions, skin mast cells preferentially localize around nerves, blood vessels and hair follicles. This observation, which dates back to Paul Ehrlich, intuitively suggests that these enigmatic, multifacetted protagonists of natural immunity are functionally relevant to many more aspects of tissue physiology than just to the generation of inflammatory and vasodilatory responses to IgE-dependent environmental antigens. And yet, for decades, mainstream-mast cell research has been dominated by a focus on the – undisputedly prominent and important – mast cell functions in type I immune responses and in the pathogenesis and management of allergic diseases. Certainly, it is hard to believe that the very large and rather selectively distributed number of mast cells in normal, uninflamed, non-infected, non-traumatized mammalian skin or mucosal tissue is simply hanging around there lazily day and night, just to wait for the odd allergen or parasite-associated antigen to come by so the mast cell can finally swing into action. Indeed, the past decade has witnessed a renaissance of mast cell research ‘beyond allergy’, along with a more systematic exploration of the surprisingly wide range of physiological functions that mast cells may be involved in. The current debate sketches many of the exciting new horizons that have recently come into our vision during this intriguing, ongoing search.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-6705.2003.0109a.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of ultraviolet B irradiation on nitric oxide synthase expression in murine keratinocytes (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 9 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO), which has several physiological functions in skin, is generated by NO synthase (NOS). NOS has at least three isoforms; endothelial NOS (eNOS), brain NOS (bNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS). Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation has been reported to stimulate NO production in skin via induction or activation of NOS, however, the exact mechanism of NOS induction by UVB irradiation remains obscure. In this study, we investigated the direct effect of UVB on the expression of NOS isoforms in murine keratinocytes, and found a significant increase in NO production within 48 h. mRNA and protein expressions of bNOS were both enhanced by UVB irradiation in murine keratinocytes, whereas iNOS mRNA expression was suppressed at 4 and 12 h after UVB irradiation. These results suggest that the enhancement of NO production observed after UVB irradiation in murine keratinocytes may be explained in part by the upregulation of bNOS expression, but not iNOS expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0625.2000.009006417.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of melanogenesis by induction of endogenous intracellular metallothionein in human melanocytes (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 13 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent intercellular mediator of melanogenesis, whereas metallothionein (MT) is an inducible intracellular antioxidant that has been reported to scavenge NO. We investigated the existence and induction of MT in melanocytes, and its inhibitory effect on NO-induced melanogenesis. The expression of MT was detected in melanocytes, however, at a lower level than in keratinocytes, and its induction was possible by the addition of zinc chloride. Further, an NO-stimulated increase of tyrosinase activity in melanocytes was remarkably suppressed, when MT was induced prior to NO stimulation. Melanogenesis was also suppressed, when dexamethasone was used to induce MT. However, an NO-stimulated increase of tyrosinase expression was not suppressed at the gene and protein level, when MT was induced in melanocytes. The same suppressive effect of melanogenesis was also observed, when α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone or endothelin-1 was used as a stimulator. Because these results implied a mechanism other than NO scavenging to explain the suppressive effect of MT induction on melanogenesis, the direct inhibition of tyrosinase by MT was examined. Melanosome fractions were prepared from melanocytes, whose melanogenesis was suppressed by the induction of MT. Tyrosinase suppression was observed in the melanosome fractions, which was neutralized by the addition of anti-MT antibody. These results suggest that MT induction may be effective to suppress melanogenesis stimulated by NO as well as other melanogens, and these suppressive effects might be due to a direct inhibition of tyrosinase activity in melanosome and not a scavenging effect of NO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.00204.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disaccharide analysis of the skin glycosaminoglycans in patients with Werner's syndrome (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 19 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The disaccharide content of the chondroitinase-digestible glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) extracted from 6–mm skin punch biopsies from the atrophic and sclerotic skin of two patients with Werner's syndrome (WS) were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography after 1–phenyl-3–methyl-5–pyrazolone labelling. The total amount of main disaccharides was significantly decreased in the atrophic lesions of WS. In the atrophic forearm skin, the decrease in the main disaccharide unit of hyaluronic acid, ΔDi-HA, and the increase in the ratio of the main disaccharide unit of dermatan sulphate, ΔDi-4S, to ΔDi-HA were significant vs. normal control (P 〈0.01 and 0.05, respectively). The sclerotic skin showed an increase in ΔDi-4S (DS) (P 〈 0.05) and a decrease in ΔDi-HA (P 〈 0.02) compared with normal controls, as well as a significantly higher ratio of ADi-4S (DS)/ΔDi-HA compared with normal controls (P 〈 0.0002) and systemic sclerosis patients (SSc; P 〈 0.02). No other statistical difference was found in the amount of each main disaccharide unit between the sclerotic skin of WS and SSc. Histological examination revealed that the atrophic skin showed thinning of the dermis with a slight increase of fine collagen bundles, whereas the sclerotic skin demonstrated a thickened dermis with prominent deposition of fine collagen bundles in the deep dermis. In SSc, thickening of the whole dermis, composed of hyalinized or swollen collagen bundles, was found. These results suggest mat alterations of disaccharide components in WS may differentiate the atrophic skin changes from the sclerotic skin changes, while the mechanisms for abnormal fibrosis remain to be elucidated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1994.tb01253.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemic sclerosis terminating as systemic necrotizing angiitis (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 129 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We report a 57-year-old woman with systemic sclerosis (SSc) who died suddenly, following a haemoptysis. At post-mortem, systemic necrotizing angiitis of small vessels was observed in several organs. Necrotizing angiitis has been reported as a rare complication of systemic sclerosis, and is usually lethal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03344.x
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