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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compiling a field manual from overhead photographs for estimating crop residue cover (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 7 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. A method is presented for compiling a manual for the estimation of crop residue cover in the field. The crop residue is a combination of standing stubble and the straw remaining on the ground after harvest. Field assessment of crop residue is important so that management decisions may be made in the field. Such decisions include selection of cultivation or sowing machinery, irrigation scheduling (for crusting materials), soil temperature control and grazing of crop residue. The manual consists of a graded set of colour photographs, taken from an overhead boom, and a sampling rate nomogram to determine the number of 1 m quadrats required in a given field to estimate the cover with a predetermined level of error. Two methods for calibration of the photographs are compared: (a) projection of slides onto a screen with manual counting, and (b) digital image analysis of the photographs. Image analysis is efficient, rapid and gives less error than counting from the projections because many more points are counted. The use of the manual in the field is described. It is an inexpensive piece of equipment for the field agronomist or farmer, and gives a reliable, rapid and semi-quantitative estimate of residue cover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1991.tb00871.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An audit of perioperative management of autistic children (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Pediatric anesthesia 11 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Autistic children are very difficult to manage in the hospital setting because they react badly to any change in routine. Methods: We have developed a unique management program for autistic children admitted for medical and surgical procedures requiring a general anaesthetic. Details of each patient managed according to this program have been prospectively entered into an Autistic Register. Results: An audit of this database shows that we have administered anaesthesia on 87 occasions for 59 autistic children over 4 years. Conclusions: There is great variation in the severity of autism and hospital needs of these children. The focus is on early communication with the patient’s families, flexibility to individualize the admission process and anaesthetic plan with admission and early discharge on the day of surgery whenever possible. Oral midazolam is an effective premedication for the milder cases and oral ketamine is the most reliable for moderate and severe cases. Comparison of oral midazolam and ketamine shows no significant different postoperative recovery and hospital discharge times. Routine intravenous fluids and antiemesis prophylaxis with removal of the i.v. cannula before return to the ward are also seen as important steps to decrease stress and smooth the postoperative phase. This program has also successfully been extended to the management of problem children due to other causes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2001.00688.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myocardial ischaemia in normal patients undergoing elective Caesarean section: a peripartum assessment (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Incidence rates of electrocardiographic changes during Caesarean section vary from 25 to 60%. To date, no investigator has identified myocardial ischaemia resulting from these changes. We investigated patients undergoing elective Caesarean section using peripartum Holter monitoring and serum analysis of cardiac troponin I (cTnI). Twenty-six patients presenting for elective Caesarean section were studied. Peroperative Holter monitoring continued for 12 h postoperatively, at which time blood samples for cTnI levels were taken. Significant ST changes were recorded in 42% of patients peroperatively and 38.5% of patients postoperatively. Forty-two per cent of patients experienced peroperative chest pain requiring opioid analgesia. Chest pain was significantly associated with abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) findings. Ischaemic levels of cTnI were recorded in two patients. This study reports, for the first time, myocardial ischaemia (7.69% of patients) arising in conjunction with the ECG changes seen during elective Caesarean section. We also report episodes of significant postoperative ST-segment changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2001.02271.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cystic sclerosing haemangioma of the lung (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 43 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims:  To present three cases of sclerosing haemangioma of the lung (SHL) with prominent cystic changes.Methods and results:  The patients were three women, 27, 35, and 64 years of age. In two cases, the lesion was found on routine chest X-ray and in both instances the diagnosis of SHL was not entertained in the radiological differential diagnosis. In one case, the finding was discovered on post mortem examination. Grossly, the lesions were well-circumscribed and cystic. Histologically, the tumours were characterized by a dual population of small and large bland-appearing neoplastic cells growing in a predominantly cystic pattern. Immunohistochemical staining for epithelial membrane antigen by tumour cells was consistently positive in all three cases. All tumours were negative for keratin, CD34, factor VIII, and S100. The two patients in whom the lesion was identified ante-mortem are alive and free of disease 4 and 7 years after surgical excision.Conclusions:  The present cases indicate that sclerosing haemangioma may present as a cystic pulmonary neoplasm; such a presentation should be taken into consideration when assessing cystic pulmonary lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2003.01699.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary signet ring cell adenocarcinomas of the lung: a clinicopathological study of 15 cases (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 39 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Primary signet ring cell adenocarcinomas of the lung: a clinicopathological study of 15 cases Aims: We describe the clinicopathological characteristics of 15 cases of primary signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of the lung and highlight the importance of recognizing that not all adenocarcinomas with signet ring cell features represent metastatic adenocarcinomas. Methods and results: We evaluated the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of 15 cases of signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of the lung. The patients were 12 men and three women, age 30–75 years (mean 52.5 years). No evidence of a primary tumour elsewhere could be found on thorough clinical examination. Nine patients underwent resection and the remainder were biopsied. The tumours ranged from 18 to 80 mm in greatest dimension. Microscopically, two distinct patterns of growth were recognized: acinar and diffuse. The tumours were characterized by the presence of 〉75% signet ring cells. Periodic acid–Schiff and mucicarmine showed strong intracellular positive staining. Immunohistochemical stains for TTF-1 (6/6) and CEA (9/9) showed strong positive reaction in all cases evaluated. Three out of six cases were also positive for cytokeratin 7. All the tumours (6/6) were negative for cytokeratin 20, ER, PR and GCDFP-15. Follow-up information was obtained in 11 patients; six patients died within 1 year and five patients were alive from 3 to 36 months after initial diagnosis. Conclusion: These cases highlight an unusual histological growth pattern of primary lung adenocarcinoma that may be mistaken for a metastasis from an occult primary. The recognition of this pattern of lung tumours is important for proper treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2001.01224.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carcinomas arising in multilocular thymic cysts of the neck: a clinicopathological study of three cases (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 44 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims : To report three cases of primary carcinoma of the neck arising in multilocular thymic cysts (MTC).Methods and results : The patients were three men aged 47, 50 and 52 years who presented with a painless neck mass of several weeks' duration. The patients had no history of previous surgical procedures or of malignancy elsewhere. The tumours in all three patients were located on the right lateral side of the neck; all patients underwent complete surgical resection of the mass. Grossly, the tumours were cystic and measured between 20 and 30 mm in greatest diameter. Histologically, the tumours showed cyst walls lined by squamous epithelium. The cyst walls contained prominent germinal centres with lymphoid hyperplasia, cholesterol cleft granulomas, and scattered keratinized structures reminiscent of Hassall's corpuscles. In addition, a neoplastic cellular proliferation composed of round to oval cells arranged in sheets and originating from the lining of the cystic structures was present. The neoplastic cells showed moderate amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm, round nuclei, and, in some areas, prominent nucleoli. Mitotic figures were easily found, and cellular pleomorphism was present in several areas. In two cases the tumours showed features of basaloid carcinoma of the thymus, while in one case the pattern was that of squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical studies for keratin showed a strong positive reaction in the tumour cells, while leucocyte common antigen strongly stained the lymphoid background. Follow-up information obtained in two patients showed them to be alive 6 months after initial diagnosis. One patient was lost to follow-up.Conclusion : The cases described here represent an unusual variant of carcinoma arising in multilocular thymic cyst in the neck region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.01767.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of tiaprofenic acid in children after a single oral dose (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 41 (1991), S. 251-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Tiaprofenic acid ; children ; pharmacokinetics ; NSAID
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Twelve healthy children in three age groups anaesthetized for minor surgery were given a single oral dose of tiaprofenic acid (3 mg · kg−1) (TA). Seven blood samples and zero to 8 and 8 to 24 h urines were collected. TA concentrations in plasma and urine were measured by HPLC. No significant difference was found between the age groups in the kinetic parameters of TA and no correlation was found between these parameters and age; tmax=2.12h, Cmax=8.78mg · l−1, AUC(0→8 h) 33.9mg · h · l−1, AUC=39.3 mg · h · l−1, t1/2=2.35 h, Vz=0.319 l · kg−1, CL=0.094 l · h−1 · kg−1. Renal clearance was 14 ml · h−1. kg−1. 33% of the TA dose was recovered in the 24 h urine, 48% of which was conjugated, whereas in adults, TA is only found in urine as conjugates. The apparent plasma clearance was significantly higher (56%) than in 12 healthy adults given 1.5 mg · kg−1 TA. Volume of distribution and t1/2 did not significantly differ between children and adults. Since no relationship has been established between plasma TA and either efficacy or toxicity, a different dose regimen cannot be recommended in 3–11 year-old children from that in adults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315438
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    P element transposon-induced quantitative genetic variation for inebriation time in Drosophila melanogaster (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 81 (1991), S. 317-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Transposon mutations ; Artificial selection ; Ethanol tolerance ; Quantitative character ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Bi-directional selection was carried out in coisogenic stocks with and without mobilised P element transposons to determine whether P elements induce quantitative genetic variation for inebriation time in Drosophila. There was significant response to 11 generations of selection in both pairs of replicates of bi-directional selection from an isogenic base stock in which P elements had been mobilised. Conversely, there was no significant response to 11 generations of identical selection in the control lines derived from a relatively inbred line lacking P elements. Thus, P elements have induced quantitative genetic variation for inebriation time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228670
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alteration of the structural attributes of a compact clay loam soil by growth of a perennial grass crop (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 139 (1992), S. 195-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: bulk density ; epoxy resin impregnation ; image analysis ; macroporosity ; nitrogen ; stability ; strength ; structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soil aggregate stability, organic matter content, pH, bulk density, strength, and macropore attributes were assessed in order to evaluate the influence of grass root growth in a field sward. The amount of grass grown was varied by varying the quantity of applied nitrogen fertilizer: following one year with a uniform application rate, nitrogen fertilizer was applied over the subsequent three years to a compact soil at zero (N0), moderate (N1) and high (N2) rates. Differences in herbage production were evident in the three years of the contrasting nitrogen treatments. An index of soil aggregate stability increased in response to the increased grass growth promoted by heavier applications of nitrogen, but both bulk density and vane shear strength were unchanged. Binary images of the soil solid and pore space showed that for each treatment the largest volume of macropores occurred close to the surface, particularly in N0 where there was more pore space than in either N1 or N2. Analysis of the pore structure attributes of the binary images revealed further differences between treatments, in particular, at 40–80 mm depth, the soil in treatment N0 had fewer and smaller pores, and greater distance between pores, than the soil in the N1 and N2 treatments. The larger macropore volume in N1 and N2 constituted a major portion of the air-filled porosity when the soil was relatively wet. It was concluded that the root growth in the intensively cropped grassland was conducive to maintenance of a relatively stable and porous soil structure. An attendant increase in soil acidity close to the soil surface was a disadvantage of the larger nitrogen inputs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009310
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray absorption and phase contrast imaging to study the interplay between plant roots and soil structure (2000)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 223 (2000), S. 101-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: image quantification ; root detection ; soil structure ; soil/root interactions ; undisturbed samples ; X-ray phase-contrast imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Plant performance is, at least partly, linked to the location of roots with respect to soil structure features and the micro-environment surrounding roots. Measurements of root distributions from intact samples, using optical microscopy and field tracings have been partially successful but are imprecise and labour-intensive. Theoretically, X-ray computed micro-tomography represents an ideal solution for non-invasive imaging of plant roots and soil structure. However, before it becomes fast enough and affordable or easily accessible, there is still a need for a diagnostic tool to investigate root/soil interplay. Here, a method for detection of undisturbed plant roots and their immediate physical environment is presented. X-ray absorption and phase contrast imaging are combined to produce projection images of soil sections from which root distributions and soil structure can be analyzed. The clarity of roots on the X-ray film is sufficient to allow manual tracing on an acetate sheet fixed over the film. In its current version, the method suffers limitations mainly related to (i) the degree of subjectivity associated with manual tracing and (ii) the difficulty of separating live and dead roots. The method represents a simple and relatively inexpensive way to detect and quantify roots from intact samples and has scope for further improvements. In this paper, the main steps of the method, sampling, image acquisition and image processing are documented. The potential use of the method in an agronomic perspective is illustrated using surface and sub-surface soil samples from a controlled wheat trial. Quantitative characterization of root attributes, e.g. radius, length density, branching intensity and the complex interplay between roots and soil structure, is presented and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004835813094
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