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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Associations between carbon isotope ratios of ecosystem respiration, water availability and canopy conductance (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: We tested the hypothesis that the stable carbon isotope signature of ecosystem respiration (δ13CR) was regulated by canopy conductance (Gc) using weekly Keeling plots (n=51) from a semiarid old-growth ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest in Oregon, USA. For a comparison of forests in two contrasting climates we also evaluated trends in δ13CR from a wet 20-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) plantation located near the Pacific Ocean. Intraannual variability in δ13CR was greater than 8.0‰ at both sites, was highest during autumn, winter, and spring when rainfall was abundant, and lowest during summer drought. The δ13CR of the dry pine forest was consistently more positive than the wetter Douglas-fir forest (mean annual δ13CR: −25.41‰ vs. −26.23‰, respectively, P=0.07). At the Douglas-fir forest, δ13CR–climate relationships were consistent with predictions based on stomatal regulation of carbon isotope discrimination (Δ). Soil water content (SWC) and vapor pressure deficit (vpd) were the most important factors governing δ13CR in this forest throughout the year. In contrast, δ13CR at the pine forest was relatively insensitive to SWC or vpd, and exhibited a smaller drought-related enrichment (∼2‰) than the enrichment observed during drought at the Douglas-fir forest (∼5‰). Groundwater access at the pine forest may buffer canopy–gas exchange from drought. Despite this potential buffering, δ13CR at the pine forest was significantly but weakly related to canopy conductance (Gc), suggesting that δ13CR remains coupled to canopy–gas exchange despite groundwater access. During drought, δ13CR was strongly correlated with soil temperature at both forests. The hypothesis that canopy-level physiology is a critical regulator of δ13CR was supported; however, belowground respiration may become more important during rain-free periods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00837.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    c-erbB-2-Onkogenüberexpression beim Ovarialkarzinomen: Prognostische Bedeutung und Korrelation mit histologischen Befunden bei 275 Patientinnen (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 254 (1993), S. 948-949 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Schlußfolgerungen Analog zu den beim Mammakarzinom vorliegenden Resultaten ergibt sich beim Ovarialkarzinom mit de Nachweis der Überexpression des Onkogens c-erbB-2 der Hinweis auf einen neuen Prognosefaktor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02266250
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential binding activities of lectins and neoglycoproteins in human testicular tumors (2000)
    Springer
    Urological research 28 (2000), S. 62-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Key words Lectin ; Glycoconjugates ; Glycohistochemistry ; Neoglycoprotein ; Testicular tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Testicular germ-cell tumors, a morphologically and clinically diverse group of malignancies provide an ideal model for investigating the biology of glycoconjugates because the biosynthesis of oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins monitored by plant/invertebrate lectins often changes during tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. To investigate such changes in germ-cell tumors, we analyzed 67 surgical specimens from 31 seminomas, 32 embryonic carcinomas, and four choriocarcinomas using glyco- and immunohistochemistry that involved five plant/invertebrate lectins, 16 neoglycoproteins, and galectin-1 antibody. The results showed that some of these markers, such as melibiose-, lactose-, and β-N-acetylgalactosamine-BSA-biotin were clearly differentially expressed amongst these tumors and between primary and metastatic embryonic carcinomas. The differences in staining for positivity, intensity, and heterogeneity indicate that the differential display of glycoconjugates in tumor cells may be important in tumor growth, metastasis, or prognosis because subtypes of these tumors behave quite differently from one another. Furthermore, we also found identical staining for positivity between most neoglycoproteins and their corresponding lectins, though the staining intensity of neoglycoproteins was weaker. This suggests that neoglycoproteins may be useful markers to replace their plant lectins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002400050012
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated serum levels of a c-erbB-2 oncogene product in ovarian cancer patients and in pregnancy (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 120 (1994), S. 378-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Oncogene ; Receptor ; c-erbB-2 ; Membrane protein ; Ovarian cancer ; Pregnancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Amplification of the proto-oncogene c-erbB-2 (HER-2/neu) has been shown to be a prognostic marker in ovarian cancer. In order to obtain further information on the biological role of the c-erbB-2 gene product p185 it is necessary to quantify expression levels. In this study we evaluated an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) for the extracellular domain of p185 to determine whether a soluble oncoprotein fragment can be detected in the serum of ovarian cancer patients and in the serum of pregnant women. Sera from 199 women (57 previously untreated ovarian cancer patients, 62 pregnant women and 80 healthy controls) were assaved in a sandwich ELISA utilizing two mouse monoclonal antibodies. To study c-erbB-2 overexpression in ovarian cancer tissue samples we have used an immunohistochemical technique involving a monoclonal antibody specifically reactive with the external domain of the protein p185. The mean serum value for the normal controls was 1203 HNU/ml with a standard deviation (SD) or 279 HNU/ml and a range of 595–1947 HNU/ml. We chose a level of 1761 HNU/ml (2 SD above the mean) as a cut-off to distinguish individuals with elevated levels. The ovarian cancer patients' serum values ranged from 526 to 16 332 HNU/ml. Immunohistochemically detectable p185 was noted in 8 of 57 ovarian cancer patients. The oncoprotein fragment levels in the sera from these 8 patients ranged from 878 to 16 332 HNU/ml. Of 8 patients with p185 overexpression in their tumors, 4 had elevated serum levels. In the sera from the 49 cancer patients without overexpression the values were distributed in the range 526–2892 HNU/ml. There was no association between serum oncoprotein fragment levels and tumor stage, histological type or grading. Serum concentrations of the p185 fragment in pregnancy ranged from 612 to 3265 HNU/ml. The highest levels were found in the third trimester. The results of the present study raise the possibility that the soluble c-erbB-2 protein level in serum is an indicator for cell proliferation and therefore deserves further evaluation as a diagnostic tool in ovarian cancer patients and pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01247465
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of a fragment of the c-erbB-2 translational product p185 in serum of breast cancer patients (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 119 (1993), S. 249-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; c-erbB-2 oncogene ; ICA ; p185 fragment ; Serum determination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations of a fragment of the c-erbB-2 translational product (p185 fragment) were measured in serum of 70 breast cancer patients, 19 healthy blood donors, and 18 pregnant women using a heterogenic enzyme immunoassay. The serum concentrations of blood donors and pregnant women were below 30 kU/l. Breast cancer patients showed serum concentrations up to 578 kU/l. All 9/70 patients with serum concentrations higher than 30 kU/l had clinical evidence of metastatic disease and the serum levels of all 35/70 patients without metastasis lay within the normal range. From 9/37 patients with p185 overexpression of the primary tumor in immunohistochemical analysis 3/9 patients with metastatic disease had elevated serum levels higher than 30 kU/l. In all, 6/9 patients without metastasis serum levels were below 30 kU/l. The data of the present study suggest that determination of serum p185 fragment concentrations may be useful as a diagnostic tool in postoperative follow-up of breast cancer patients with c-erbB-2 overexpression of the primary tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01212719
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    c-erbB2 expression in correlation to other biological parameters of breast cancer (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 116 (1990), S. 15-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Oncogene ; c-erbB2 expression ; Breast cancer ; Prognosis ; Proliferation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary On the prognostic value of c-erbB2-encoded protein p185 in breast cancer there are controversal opinions. With the outlook of an evaluation of the prognostic value of p185 expression in breast cancer the relationships between p185 expression and known prognosis factors were investigated. Using polyclonal antibody against p185 33% out of 163 primary breast carcinomas are p185-positive. Within the various histological types of tumors the percentage of p185 expression differs. It is suggested that p185 indicates a certain type of biological behavior and plays a role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Thus the determination of p185 could allow definition of biological subclasses. A statistically significant correlation between expression of p185 and the presence of lymph node metastases or tumor size can not be proved. Nevertheless p185 expression is increased in cases with more than three positive lymph nodes. Expression of p185 correlates statistically significantly positively with histological grade and epidermal growth factor receptor, and negatively with steroid receptor status. Furthermore, high-proliferating tumors are more common in p185-positive cases than in p185-negative cases. It is concluded that p185 may be associated with an increased malignancy and proliferation activity of tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01612634
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genomic alterations of the c-myc protooncogene in relation to the overexpression of c-erbB2 and Ki-67 in human breast and cervix carcinomas (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 117 (1991), S. 603-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: c-myc- c-erbB2 ; Ki-67 ; Breast cancer ; Cervix cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Genomic alterations of c-myc (amplification, rearrangements and hypomethylation) were investigated in 30 breast carcinomas and 20 cervix carcinomas. In breast carcinomas c-myc alterations were compared with overexpression of the c-erbB2 protooncogene and the proliferation marker Ki-67. Alterations of c-myc were found in 50% of the breast carcinomas and in 25% of the cervix carcinomas. In 23% of the breast carcinomas c-erbB2 overexpression was associated with c-myc alterations. In 17% of the cases there was overexpression of c-erbB2 without detectable alterations of c-myc. Hence, in 67% of breast cancers alterations of c-myc and/or c-erbB2 have been found, while in 81% of the samples Ki-67 expression was increased. The results suggest that the study of c-myc alterations provides an important complement to that of other prognostic indicators of breast cancer such as c-erbB2 expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01613296
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations of the c-erbB2 gene in human breast cancer (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 118 (1992), S. 468-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: c-erbB2 oncogene ; c-erbB2 point mutation-Breast cancer ; Oncogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary DNA amplification, RNA overexpression and p185 protein expression of the c-erbB2 oncogene were investigated in 109 cases of breast cancer with the aim of evaluating any correlation between the different methods. A correlation between Southern blotting and immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded material was found. Thus, amplification of the c-erbB2 oncogene leads to overexpression of the p185 protein. By contrast, no statistical correlation could be shown between RNA overexpression, measured by Northern blotting, and immunohistochemical p185 membrane stainings. It is of special interest that most of the cases that are positive for Northern blotting and negative for immunochemistry are negative for Southern blotting as well. Contradictory findings between RNA overexpression and lack of immunohistochemical staining of p185 give rise to the assumption that a defective protein is encoded, which cannot be incorporated into the substructures of the tumour cell membrane. When screening for point mutations in the transmembrane domain of the c-erbB2 oncogene, no point mutation could be detected, either by using the endonucleaseFokI, which cuts at position 2012 (the point mutation in theneu gene of the rat), or by direct sequencing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01629432
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulsed versus continuous wave excitation mechanisms in photodynamic therapy of differently graded squamous cell carcinomas in tumor-implanted nude mice (1993)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 250 (1993), S. 82-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Squamous cell carcinoma ; Photodynamic therapy ; Excimerdye laser ; Pulsed excitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in vivo was compared between the pulsed excimer laser-pumped dye laser system (EDL) and the continuous wave (cw) argon laser-pumped dye laser system (ADL). Serial subcutaneous transplantation was used to implant thymus aplastic nude mice with different grades of malignancy of two human squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Forty-eight hours after i.v. injections of a hematoporphyrin derivative (Photosan 3), the animals were irradiated with either pulsed-EDL or cw-ADL laser light at a tumor depth of 4–5 mm. The irradiation data were chosen as follows: EDL and ADL wavelength 630 nm, total dose 150 J/cm2, irradiation time 27.78 min; EDL repetition rate 30 Hz, single pulse energy 3 mJ, pulse width 20 ns; ADL intensity 90 mW/cm2. The effects of PDT were studied either by long-term observation of the animals treated or by evaluation of hematoxylin-eosin and Ki-67 histological sections of tumors 48 h after treatment. The EDL system proved to be at least as efficient as the ADL system as judged by the number of complete remissions. This became particularly evident in the treatment of the lower-graded tumors, with a good response observed in both transplanted SCCs. However, the higher-graded tumors showed a better response to PDT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00179303
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