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  • 2000-2004  (1)
  • 1985-1989  (2)
  • flooding  (2)
  • Endophyte  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of intermittent waterlogging on the mineral nutrition of cotton (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 101 (1987), S. 211-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aeration ; calcium ; cotton ; flooding ; magnesium ; manganese ; phosphorus ; potassium ; sodium chloride ; waterlogging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of intermittent waterlogging on the nutrient status of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum cv. Deltapine 61). The crop was grown in a sloping plot of soil in which a gradient of water-table depth ranging from 0.04m above to 0.60m below the soil surface was established during two periods of waterlogging in mid summer and early autumn. The first waterlogging lasted 8 days; the second lasted 16 days. Dry matter increases were less for severely waterlogged plants than for plants with well-aerated root systems during the first flooding, but the increases were similar during the second. Waterlogging impaired uptake of most nutrients by young plants in the first flooding, but had much less effect on nutrient uptake by older plants in the second. Waterlogging consistently reduced concentrations of P and K in the petioles and laminae of young fully-expanded leaves, and severely waterlogged plants were deficient in these nutrients by the end of the first flooding. Mn did not accumulate to toxic levels in waterlogged plants. During each flooding, waterlogged plants gained in total content of all nutrients studied, but the gains of each nutrient, except for Na, were proportionally smaller than for well-aerated plants. Fluxes of K-, Cl- and HPO4- ions in xylem sap exuded from stumps of detopped plants which had been waterlogged were lower than those from plants with well-aerated root systems. Seed cotton yields and concentrations of nutrients in mature bolls were not affected by the two periods of waterlogging. It is concluded that although intermittent waterlogging induced nutrient stress in cotton plants, especially for P and K in young plants before flowering, they recovered with no detrimental effect upon yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370647
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological responses of cotton to a single waterlogging at high and low N-levels (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 102 (1987), S. 161-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aeration ; flooding ; Gossypium hirsutum L. ; root zone ; soil oxygen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Surface-irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown on slowly draining clay soil is subjected to short-term periods of waterlogging at each irrigation which generally results in reduced productivity. The sequence of above- and below-ground plant responses to transient waterlogging and the role of N availability in modifying the immediate responses were studied. Lysimeters of Marah clay loam (a Natrustalf) were instrumented to monitor soil and plant responses to a 7-day waterlogging event beginning 67 days after sowing. Cotton (‘Deltapine 61’) plants (8 per lysimeter) were grown with two levels of added N (300 kg ha−1 and 30 kg ha−1) and two irrigation treatments (flooded and control). Measured soil-O2 levels decreased rapidly upon surface flooding because water displaced air and root zone respiration consumed O2. The rate of O2 consumption was 2.7 times greater in the high-N treatment than the low-N treatment. This difference was associated with a 1.8 fold difference in numbers of observed roots. Root growth was only slightly affected by flooding. Leaf growth decreased by 28%, foliage temperature increased 2.3% and apparent photosynthesis decreased by 16%. It is suggested that flooding reduced photosynthetic activity within 2 days while other stress symptoms became apparent after about 6 days. Although this stress was reflected in a trend for decreased plant productivity, the effect of flooding on boll dry mass at harvest was not significant at the level of replication used. The single waterlogging did not cause yield reductions comparable to those observed elsewhere when several waterlogging events were imposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370698
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkaloid Production and Chinch Bug Resistance in Endophyte-Inoculated Chewings and Strong Creeping Red Fescues (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 26 (2000), S. 279-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Endophyte ; Chewings fescue ; strong creeping red fescue ; ergovaline ; peramine ; lolitrem B ; chinch bug ; Epichloe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Four Chewings fescue and two strong creeping red fescue selections that had been artificially inoculated and stably maintained with four different endophytes were evaluated in feeding trials with chinch bugs (Blissus leucopterus hirtus). Significant differences in survival were found between the endophyte-inoculated plants and their endophyte-free counterparts. After seven days, 54.2% of chinch bugs were alive on endophyte-free tillers versus only 7.4% of chinch bugs fed tillers from endophyte-inoculated plants. Some differences were also found among the various plant–endophyte combinations. In Petri dish preference trials, chinch bugs showed a preference for the CA endophyte (obtained from a Chewings fescue) over the RC endophyte (obtained from a strong creeping red fescue) in Chewings fescue selection C1117. Only the inoculated plants produced erogvaline, peramine, and lolitrem B; moreover, significant differences were found among the plant–endophyte combinations in the levels of these alkaloids. The Chewings selections C1117 and C1090 produced more ergovaline, and C1090 more lolitrem B, than other plants, regardless of endophyte source. In the presence of the RC endophyte, more ergovaline and lolitrem B was produced than in the presence of the CA endophyte regardless of plant genotype. Both host plant and endophyte, therefore, contributed factors that determined alkaloid production. No significant correlations between chinch bug survival and alkaloid levels were found, however, and overall, no one plant genotype or endophyte source proved to be significantly more toxic than another to chinch bugs. Nevertheless, the results clearly demonstrated that artificial inoculations of endophyte-free fescue genotypes can produce plants with increased toxicity to chinch bugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005410115940
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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