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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical, morphological and phenotypic changes in Langerhans cells in the course of murine graft-versus-host disease (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 145 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background In the course of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or diseases that histologically mimic GVHD (e.g. toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens–Johnson syndrome), it is known that epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) are depleted from the epidermis. However, the mechanism and significance of LC depletion is not well known. Objectives To investigate the numerical, morphological and phenotypic changes in LCs and apoptosis of LCs in the course of GVHD using a non-irradiated mouse GVHD model. Methods BALB/c nu/nu mice and C57BL/6 mice were used as recipients and donors, respectively. Recipient mice were injected with T-cell-enriched donor spleen cells. Skin samples were harvested at various times after the inoculation. The numerical and morphological changes were examined by an immunofluorescence study of epidermal sheets. Apoptosis was studied by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling method and flow cytometric analysis using annexin V. Phenotypic change was studied by flow cytometric analysis of epidermal cell suspensions. The mixed epidermal cell lymphocyte reaction (MELR) was performed to examine functional changes in the epidermal cells. Results Five days after inoculation, a graft-versus-host reaction occurred. Epidermal LCs began to decrease from the sixth day. On the fifth day, the LCs became larger and had prominent dendrites. Immediately before the LCs began to decrease, many LCs became round in shape, with scanty dendrites. LC apoptosis was not observed in the epidermis either on the fifth or seventh day. Phenotypically, the expression of CD40, CD80, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex class II antigen on the LCs was upregulated on the fifth and seventh day. Epidermal cells from GVHD mice showed an increased allostimulatory capacity in the secondary MELR. Conclusions These results suggest that at early GVHD onset, most LCs may not undergo apoptosis in the epidermis but are phenotypically activated, resulting in further activation of alloreactive T cells and aggravation of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04539.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective suppression of rapid eye movement sleep (REM) by fusaric acid, an inhibitor of dopamine-β-oxidase (1973)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 29 (1973), S. 177-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé L'administration d'acide fusarique, un inhibiteur de la dopamine-β-oxidase, a supprimé électivement le sommeil REM, sans influence significative sur le sommeil lent. Le rôle de noradrénaline dans le mécanisme central du sommeil REM est discuté.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01945459
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of vanadium and nickel in marine samples by flameless and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (1979)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 21 (1979), S. 526-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01685465
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat (1977)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 29 (1977), S. 323-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cortico-, rubro- and tectospinal tracts ; Forelimb afferents ; Short propriospinal neurones ; Forelimb motoneurones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A previously described disynaptic pathway from cortex to forelimb motoneurones whose intercalated neurones were excited both from other descending pathways and from forelimb afferents (Illert et al., 1976a, b) has been further analysed, mainly with respect to the location of the relay cells and their axons. Disynaptic EPSPs evoked in forelimb motoneurones by stimulation of the pyramid remained after complete transection of the corticospinal tract in C5 rostral to the forelimb segments but were abolished after a more rostral transection of the tract in the C2 segment. Corresponding findings were made with disynaptic rubral EPSPs after transection of the rubrospinal tract in these segments. It is concluded that disynaptic cortico-motoneuronal and rubro-motoneuronal excitation is relayed by propriospinal neurones originating in the C3–C4 segments. Other lesion experiments revealed that the axons of these propriospinal neurones descend to forelimb motoneurones in the ventrolateral part of the lateral funicle. Spatial facilitation of transmission from the corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts after transection of them in C5 occurred with a time course showing monosynaptic convergence from these pathways on common propriospinal neurones. Facilitation of disynaptic pyramidal EPSPs from the dorsal tegmentum remained after transection of the corticospinal tract at C5 but was abolished after a transection at C2. It is postulated that corticospinal and presumed tectospinal fibres converge onto common neurones in the propriospinal relay but evidence is also given for a more rostral relay (probably bulbar) with a similar convergence. The oligo- (probably mono-)synaptic facilitation of the disynaptic pyramidal EPSP evoked by volleys in cutaneous and group I muscle afferents from the forelimb likewise remained after a C5 transection of the corticospinal tract but was abolished after an additional C5 lesion in the dorsal column. It is concluded that propriospinal relay cells receive excitatory action from forelimb afferents ascending in the dorsal column. Spatial facilitation experiments using three tests revealed that propriospinal neurones monosynaptically excited from both corticospinal and rubrospinal fibres also receive excitation from cutaneous forelimb afferents. It is postulated that the propriospinal relay provides an important route for fast activation of forelimb motoneurones from the brain. The convergent monosynaptic excitation from several important motor centres in the brain is considered in relation to the general problem of the functional relationship between higher motor centres. The convergent action from forelimb afferents is taken to suggest that a descending command for a forelimb movement can be modified from the forelimb while on its way to the motoneurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236174
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 4. Corticospinal inhibition of forelimb motoneurones mediated by short propriospinal neurones (1978)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 31 (1978), S. 131-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Forelimb motoneurone ; Trisynaptic pyramidal IPSP ; Propriospinal neurone ; Ia inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A previously described inhibitory trisynaptic cortico-motoneuronal pathway (Illert et al., 1976a) was analysed in order to identify the two relay stations. Intracellular recording was made from motoneurones to elbow muscles. Corticospinal fibres were stimulated in the contralateral medullary pyramid. Pyramidal IPSPs were abolished by a transection of the Corticospinal tract in C2 but remained after a corresponding lesion in C5. After a C5 lesion pyramidal volleys facilitated transmission in the Ia inhibitory pathway with a time course suggesting disynaptic excitatory action on the Ia inhibitory interneurones. The trisynaptic pyramidal IPSPs were depressed by volleys in the appropriate recurrent motor axon collaterals as would be expected if these IPSPs were mediated by Ia inhibitory interneurones. It is concluded that trisynaptic cortico-motoneuronal inhibition is evoked by consecutive activation of propriospinal neurones in C3-C4 and segmental Ia inhibitory interneurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235810
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat (1978)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 33 (1978), S. 101-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cortico-, rubro and tectospinal tracts ; Cervical primary afferents ; Monosynaptic EPSPs ; Propriospinal neurones C3-C4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recording was made in the C3-C4 segments from cell bodies of propriospinal neurones identified by their antidromic activation from more caudal segments. Monosynaptic excitatory effects from descending motor pathways and primary afferents were investigated by electrical stimulation of higher motor centres and peripheral nerves in the forelimb and neck. The cell bodies were located mainly laterally in Rexed's layer VII. Threshold mapping for single axons showed that they descend in the lateroventral part of the lateral funicle. Antidromic stimulation at different spinal cord levels showed that some neurones terminated in the forelimb segments, others in the thoracic cord or in the lumbar segments. Terminal slowing of the conduction velocity suggested axonal branching over some segments. Monosynaptic EPSPs were evoked in the neurones by stimulation of the contralateral pyramid, red nucleus and dorsal tegmentum-superior colliculus. It is concluded that corticospinal, rubrospinal and tectospinal fibres project directly to both short and long propriospinal neurones. There was marked frequency potentiation in tectospinal synapses. Convergence from two descending tracts was common and in half of the tested cells all three tracts contributed monosynaptic excitation. Experiments with collision of descending volleys and antidromic volleys from the brachial segments demonstrated that the corticospinal and rubrospinal monosynaptic projection to the propriospinal neurones is by collaterals from fibres continuing to the forelimb segments. Stimulation of cervical primary afferents in the dorsal column gave monosynaptic EPSPs in somewhat less than half of the tested propriospinal neurones. The further analysis with stimulation of forelimb nerves and C2-C3 dorsal rami showed that monosynaptic EPSPs may be evoked from low threshold cutaneous and group I muscle afferents in the forelimb and from C2-C3 neck afferents entering close to the spinal ganglia, possibly from joint receptors. Convergence from cervical afferents and at least two of the above descending tracts was common. It is postulated that the propriospinal neurones previously indirectly defined by their action on motoneurones as relaying disynaptic excitation from higher motor centres to forelimb motoneurones (Illert et al., 1977) belong to those neurones of the C3-C4 propriospinal systems which terminate in the cervical enlargement. The function of the neurones projecting beyond the upper thoracic segments is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238798
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The geometry of the chromosphere-corona transition region inferred from the center-to-limb variation of the radio emission (1975)
    Springer
    Solar physics 43 (1975), S. 63-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Based on the observations of the EUV spectroheliograms, the effective chromosphere-corona transition region is assumed to be restricted in a small volume element in the boundaries of the supergranular network. The center-to-limb variation of the quiet Sun at cm and dm wavelengths is analyzed to determine where the transition region is located in the network boundaries. Expressions are derived for the theoretical center-to-limb variation of the hypothetical brightness temperature only from the transition region, taking into account the orientation of the spicules. Comparison with the observations shows that the spicule-sheath model (Brueckner and Nicolas, 1973) and the hot plagette model (Foukal, 1974) are not compatible with the observations, because the limb brightening predicted by these models is too great. A new picture is therefore proposed that thin platelet transition regions are placed on top of the chromosphere and scattered between the network boundaries (the platelet transition-region model). This model is in accord with the observed center-to-limb variation of the radio emission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00155143
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclosporine A-associated fatal central nervous system angiopathy in a bone marrow transplant recipient: an autopsy case (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 99 (2000), S. 680-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Basilar artery ; Vasoconstriction ; Cyclosporine A ; Bone marrow transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report here the case of a 32-year-old woman who suffered from a unique angiopathy in the central nervous system (CNS). She died of multiple infarcts in the brain stem and cerebellum during treatment with cyclosporine A after bone marrow transplantation for refractory anemia with excess of blasts. The autopsy findings showed segmental narrowing of the basilar artery, in which circumferential dissection of the internal elastic lamina had occurred. The distal portion of the basilar artery was obstructed by upward dislocation of the dissected intima. Similar angiopathy was also observed at multiple sites along the basilar artery branches. These findings suggest endothelial damage, including vasoconstriction and dissection of the CNS arteries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051179
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of gastrointestinal glucagon response to hypoglycaemia in depancreatized dogs (1978)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 15 (1978), S. 471-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Gut glucagon ; depancreatized dogs ; insulin-induced hypoglycaemia ; arginine infusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fasting (24 h) normal dogs and depancreatized dogs were injected intravenously with highly purified porcine insulin (Actrapid) in the doses of 0.2 U/kg and 0.5 U/kg, respectively. Blood glucose decreased from 152±41 (SEM) mg/100 ml to 39±7 mg/100 ml in the depancreatized dog and from 95±3 mg/100 ml to 42±4 mg/100 ml in the normal animal. Using a specific antiserum for “pancreatic” glucagon, the circulating level of glucagon immunoreactivity did not rise from the basal value of 247±31 pg/ml in the depancreatized group whereas it rose significantly from 223±24 pg/ml to 321±41 pg/ml in the normal group. In contrast intravenous infusion of 7 g of arginine increased “pancreatic” glucagon immunoreactivity in both groups. Thus, extrapancreatic glucagon of the pancreatic type does not respond to hypoglycaemia but to arginine infusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02342872
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Influence of Vascular Pressure and Angiographic Characteristics on Haemorrhage from Arteriovenous Malformations (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 142 (2000), S. 39-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Arteriovenous malformation; haemorrhage; vascular pressure.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary ¶ Background. The present study was designed to determine whether there is a physiological explanation for the predisposition of patients with certain angiographic characteristics to haemorrhage from cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).  Methods. Intra-operative measurement of feeding artery pressure (FAP) and intravascular pressures in the draining venous system [draining vein pressure (DVP) and cranial sinus pressure (SP)] were performed for 30 AVM cases using direct puncture of the vessels. The correlation between pressures and previously described angiographic characteristics predisposing to haemorrhage were evaluated.  Findings. Small nidus size and only one draining vein increased the risk of haemorrhage. FAP and DVP are both inversely related to the number of draining veins and the size of the AVMs. DVP was significantly higher in AVMs with haemorrhage (23.1±8.7 mmHg) than in those without (13.5±4.4), as was FAP (58.6±12.8 as opposed to 38.7±4.7) (p〈0.05). Moreover, the difference between systemic blood pressure and the FAP with haemorrhagic AVMs (17.0±9.5 mmHg) was significantly lower than that in nonhaemorrhagic cases (33.7±5.5) (p〈0.05). The pressure difference between the feeding artery and draining vein was not significant between the haemorrhagic and nonhaemorrhagic groups. There was no significant difference of SP between haemorrhagic and nonhaemorrhagic patients.  Interpretation. The present study suggests that a high DVP probably induced by high resistance in the venous drainage system, as well as a high FAP, may contribute to the development of haemorrhage from AVMs, and physiologically supports previous reports that small AVMs and AVMs with only one draining vein are susceptible to haemorrhage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010050005
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