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  • 2000-2004  (17)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 29 (2000), S. 380-388 
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hüftkopfnekrose • ARCO-Stadieneinteilung ; Key words Avascular necrosis • ARCO system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Diagnosis of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the hip has been improved by the technical progress of imaging modalities during the last decade. For a long period, only plain radiographs had been available. Scintigraphy and computed tomography contributed to differential diagnosis and early detection of bone necrosis. In the meantime, MR imaging has gained special value in the evaluation of AVN. It is now the method of choice for early detection as well as for assessment in later stage disorders. Using the ARCO system, all imaging modalities and their diagnostic viability are described. Findings regarding the different stages of AVN are correlated to tissue-specific changes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die diagnostischen Möglichkeiten bei der Hüftkopfnekrose (HKN) wurden in den letzten Jahren durch technische Fortschritte auf dem Sektor der bildgebenden Verfahren deutlich verbessert. Über Jahrzehnte war man auf das Nativröntgen allein angewiesen. Knochenszintigraphie und Computertomographie (CT) haben zu einer verbesserten Früherkennung und Differentialdiagnostik beigetragen. Die MRT hat sich mittlerweile zur Methode der Wahl entwickelt und wird sowohl zur Frühdiagnostik als auch in späteren Stadien zur Therapieplanung erfolgreich eingesetzt. Unter Verwendung der internationalen ARCO-Stadieneinteilung werden die bildgebenden Modalitäten und ihre diagnostische Wertigkeiten beschrieben und die in den verschiedenen Stadien beobachtbaren Zeichen mit den histomorphologischen Veränderungen korreliert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 29 (2000), S. 389-402 
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Osteonekrose • Pathohistologie • Magnetresonanztomographie • Reparaturmechanismen ; Key words Osteonecrosis • Pathohistology • Magnetic resonance imaging • Repair mechanisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The pathomorphologies of non-traumatic femoral head osteonecroses (ON) are usually similar, despite various known pathogenetic factors. The size and position of the subchondral bone and marrow segment, becoming necrotic after the ischemic event(s), and the kind of repair processes determine the time course and thus the fate of this hip joint disease. Four cases of conservatively or core decompression-treated femoral head ON were selected to demonstrate differently effective repair mechanisms which are discussed in respect to existing therapeutic concepts. Diagnostic criteria from magnetic resonance imaging follow-ups were correlated with light microscopy findings on undecalcified ground and microtome sections from femoral heads retrieved at total joint replacement. Initial stage (ARCO 0) and reversible early stage ON (ARCO 1) after incomplete ischemias can apparently show spontaneous sufficient repair. After extensive and complete ischemia, however, ON progresses without detectable changes on plain radiographs into irreversible early stage ON (ARCO stage 2). Only in exceptional cases (with small, medially located necroses), a spontaneous sufficient repair seems possible. Usually, early ARCO stage 2 ON with intact articular surface shows no remodeling of the subchondral necrotic bone and fatty marrow, but only ineffective repair with fibrovascular tissue invasion and bone resorption at the vital bone border. Repeated bone appositions on partly resorbed necrotic trabeculae form the sclerotic rim in this pathognomonic reactive interface. New bone formation can also be increased underneath the necrotic area and reactive interface when surrounded by accompanying bone marrow edema. Core decompression in ARCO stage 2 ON, even if it reaches the necrotic lesion, can at best delay progression of the disease, but never leads to complete reconstruction of the necrotic area. More likely, after both conservative and operative treatment, destructive resorption without effective consecutive bone formation will lead sooner or later to collapse of the articular surface and thus to mechanical instability of transition stage ON (ARCO stage 3). On the other hand, this subchondral fracture can apparently also cause reconstructive repair which, by involving chondral and membranous ossification in this „creeping substitution“, can reduce the necrotic area. However, it cannot prevent progression into late stage ON (ARCO stage 4) with secondary joint destructions. Principally, besides the rare sufficient repair in initial and certain early ON, three forms of insufficient repair in the necrotic area can be distinguished: lack of remodeling, destructive remodeling, and reconstructive remodeling. To date, no therapeutical intervention exists which leads to complete healing of irreversible ON stages by reconstructive repair. Improved understanding of pathomorphology and repair mechanisms, however, could be the basis for future therapeutical concepts which should aim at the complete regeneration of the osteonecrotic area.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nichttraumatische Osteonekrosen (ON) des Femurkopfes zeigen trotz unterschiedlichen pathogenetischen Faktoren meist sehr ähnliche pathomorphologische Veränderungen. Ausdehnung und Lage des nach ischämischen Ereignissen nekrotisch gewordenen subchondralen Knochen- und Knochenmarksegments einerseits, und Art der ausgelösten Reparaturvorgänge anderseits bestimmen den zeitlichen Ablauf und damit das Schicksal dieser Erkrankung des Hüftgelenks. Anhand von 4 ausgewählten Fällen konservativ oder durch Entlastungsbohrung behandelter Femurkopf-ON werden beispielhaft unterschiedlich suffiziente Reparaturmechanismen aufgezeigt und im Hinblick auf derzeitige Therapiekonzepte diskutiert. Diagnostische Kriterien der Magnetresonanztomographiebilder werden mit lichtmikroskopischen Befunden von unentkalkten Dünnschliffen und Mikrotomschnitten der bei Totalgelenkersatz gewonnenen Hüftköpfe verglichen. Im Initialstadium (ARCO 0) und reversiblen Frühstadium der ON (ARCO I) kann es nach inkompletter Ischämie noch zur suffizienten Reparatur kommen. Nach einem ausgeprägten ischämischen Schaden entwickelt sich jedoch das irreversible Frühstadium der ON (ARCO-Stadium 2). In seltenen Ausnahmefällen (kleine Nekroseareale mit medialer Lokalisation) kann es auch jetzt noch zu einer spontanen suffizienten Reparatur kommen. Üblicherweise findet sich aber in diesem ARCO-Stadium 2 mit noch intakter Gelenkfläche kein Umbau des subchondralen nekrotischen Knochen- und Fettmarkgewebes, sondern nur insuffiziente Reparatur durch fibrovaskuläre Invasion und Knochenresorption an der Grenze zum vitalen Knochengewebe. Wiederholter Knochenanbau auf teilresorbierten nekrotischen Trabekeln führt zur sklerotischen Verdichtung dieser pathognomonischen reaktiven Randzone. Unterhalb des Nekroseareals und der reaktiven Randzone kann jedoch der Knochenanbau ebenfalls verstärkt sein, wenn die ON von einem begleitenden Knochenmarksödem umgeben ist. Entlastungsbohrungen im ARCO-Stadium 2, auch wenn sie das Nekroseareal erreicht hatten, können bestenfalls ein Fortschreiten der Erkrankung verzögern, aber nicht zu einer suffizienten Reparatur im Nekroseareal führen. Vielmehr kommt es bei konservativ oder operativ behandelter ON durch überwiegend destruktiven Knochenumbau früher oder später zum Zusammenbruch der Gelenkfläche und damit zum mechanisch instabilen Übergangsstadium der ON (ARCO-Stadium 3). Die subchondrale Fraktur kann jedoch auch von rekonstruktiven Reparaturvorgängen begleitet sein, die mit chondraler und desmaler Knochenneubildung unter dem Frakturspalt durch „schleichenden Gewebeersatz“ das Nekroseareal zwar teilweise verkleinern, aber den Übergang in das Spätstadium der ON mit sekundären Gelenkdestruktionen (ARCO-Stadium 4) nicht verhindern können. Prinzipiell können daher neben suffizienter Reparatur in seltenen Initial-und Frühstadien drei Formen der insuffizienten Reparatur im Nekroseareal unterschieden werden: fehlender Umbau, destruktiver Umbau, oder rekonstruktiver Umbau. Bis heute konnte mit keiner therapeutischen Maßnahme eine völlige Ausheilung der irreversiblen Früh- bis Spätstadien der ON durch rekonstruktiven Umbau erzielt werden. Verbessertes Verständnis von Pathomorphologie und Reparaturmechanismen könnte jedoch zukünftig Therapiekonzepte für eine vollständige Regeneration des Osteonekroseareals ermöglichen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Heart – Magnetic resonance imaging – Heart function tests – Cardiac volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We examined possible age- and gender-specific differences in the function and mass of left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles in 36 healthy volunteers using cine gradient-recalled echo magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects were divided into four groups (nine men and nine women in each): men aged under 45 years (32 ± 7), women aged under 45 (27 ± 6), men aged over 45 (59 ± 8), and women aged over 45 (57 ± 9). Functional analysis of cardiac volume and mass and of LV wall motion was performed by manual segmentation of the endocardial and epicardial borders of the end-diastolic and end-systolic frame; both absolute and normalized (per square meter body surface area) values were evaluated. With age there was a significant decrease in both absolute and normalized LV and RV chamber volumes (EDV, ESV), while LV and RV masses remained unchanged. Gender-specific differences were found in cardiac mass and volume (for men and women, respectively: LV mass, 155 ± 18 and 110 ± 16 g; LV EDV, 118 ± 27 and 96 ± 21 ml; LV ESV, 40 ± 13 and 29 ± 9 ml; RV mass, 52 ± 10 and 39 ± 5 g; RV EDV, 131 ± 28 and 100 ± 23 ml; RV ESV, 53 ± 17 and 33 ± 15 ml). Normalization to body surface area eliminated differences in LV volumes but not those in LV mass, RV mass, or RV function. Functional parameters such as cardiac output and LV ejection fraction showed nonsignificant or only slight differences and were thus largely independent of age and gender. Intra- and interobserver variability ranged between 1.4 % and 5.9 % for all parameters. Cine magnetic resonance imaging thus shows age- and gender-specific differences in cardiac function, and therefore the evaluation of cardiac function in patients should consider age- and gender-matched normative values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 8 (2000), S. 205-216 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS 24.10.-i Nuclear-reaction models and methods – 25.60.Pj Fusion reactions – 25.70.Jj Fusion and fusion-fission reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Cross-sections for the synthesis of superheavy elements were analyzed using the concept of a dinuclear system. Experimental values for the production of elements Z=104, 108, 110, 111 and 112 by cold fusion reactions with targets of 208Pb and 209Bi were reproduced. The model reveals the importance of entrance channel dynamics and competition between quasi-fission and complete fusion processes. Energy windows were observed which allow capture of the reacting nuclei and formation of the compound nucleus. The quantities were studied which are significant for the interaction dynamics of massive nuclei in the entrance channel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS. 23.60.+e α decay – 27.90.+b 220 ≤A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Neutron deficient isotopes of elements Z = 86-92 have been produced by heavy-ion fusion reactions 12C + 208Pb, 209Bi, 22Ne + 208Pb, 51V + 170Er, and 50Ti + 170Er. The evaporation residues were investigated by means of α- and α-γ-spectroscopy after in-flight separation from the projectile beam by the velocity filter SHIP and implantation into a 16-strip position-sensitive Si-detector. New or improved decay data for 225, 226U, 216, 217m, 218Pa, 215, 216, 217Th, 214, 215, 216, 216mAc, 214Ra and 213Rn have been obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS. 21.10.Dr Binding energies and masses – 23.60.+e Alpha decay – 25.70.-z Low and intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions – 25.85.Ca Spontaneous fission – 27.90.+b 220 ?A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The even-even nucleus 270110 was synthesized using the reaction 64Ni + 207Pb. A total of eight α-decay chains was measured during an irradiation time of seven days. Decay data were obtained for the ground-state and a high-spin K isomer. The new nuclei 266Hs and 262Sg were identified as daughter products after α-decay. Spontaneous fission of 262Sg terminates the decay chain. The measured data are in agreement with calculations using the macroscopic-microscopic model and with self-consistent HFB calculations with Skyrme-Sly4 interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract SHIPTRAP is an ion trap facility which is being set up to deliver very clean and cool beams of singly-charged recoil ions produced at the SHIP velocity filter at GSI Darmstadt. SHIPTRAP consists of a gas cell for stopping and thermalizing high-energy recoil ions from SHIP, a rf ion guide for extraction of the ions from the gas cell, a linear rf trap for accumulation and bunching of the ions, and a Penning trap for isobaric purification. The physics programme of the SHIPTRAP facility comprises mass spectrometry, nuclear spectroscopy, laser spectroscopy and chemistry of transeinsteinium elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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