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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Baclofen-mediated gastro-oesophageal acid reflux control in patients with established reflux disease (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To explore the effect of baclofen on oesophageal acid exposure in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods and materials:Twenty patients with established reflux disease were included in this double-blind, randomized, crossover study. Baclofen, 40 mg, or placebo was given as a single dose with a washout period of 4 weeks. Symptoms were assessed by a visual analogue scale. Oesophageal pH was registered for 12 h and analysed for the whole period and for the 0–4-h, 4–8-h, 8–12-h and 2-h post-prandial periods.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Baclofen significantly reduced the number of reflux episodes during the 0–4-h (7.9 vs. 16.5, P 〈 0.0001; post-prandially: 6.0 vs. 11.2, P 〈 0.0001) and 0–12-h (46.5 vs. 73, P=0.0001; post-prandially: 18.8 vs. 29.3, P 〈 0.0001) periods. The fraction of time with pH 〈 4 was significantly lowered during the 0–4-h period (9.3 vs. 15.6, P=0.0019; post-prandially: 16.1 vs. 23.5, P=0.0083). Similar results were also obtained in patients with a hiatus hernia (n=13). Belching was significantly reduced (32 vs. 69 episodes, P 〈 0.01).〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:A single oral dose of 40 mg baclofen significantly reduced both the number of reflux episodes and the fraction of time with pH 〈 4, an effect primarily found during the first 4 h after dosing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01250.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pion absorption reactions on N, Ar and Xe (2000)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 9 (2000), S. 537-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS. 25.80.Ls Pion inclusive scettering and absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The absorption of π+ on Ar was studied at pion energies of 70, 118, 162, 239 and 330MeV, and on N and Xe at 239MeV. Twenty-six absorption reaction channels with at least two energetic charged particles in the final state have been evaluated. Partial cross-sections have been determined according to the number of protons, neutrons and deuterons in the final state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500070010
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Female bushcrickets mated with parasitized males show rapid remating and reduced fecundity (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae: Poecilimon mariannae) (2000)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 87 (2000), S. 404-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract  Following mating, female bushcrickets undergo a refractory period during which they are sexually unreceptive. The length of the refractory period correlates with the size of the spermatophylax. However, the size of the nuptial gift of acoustically signalling bushcrickets is often reduced as a result of infections by parasitoid flies. We examined the effect of male parasitoid infection on the induction of the refractory period and fecundity of females. We found a drastically reduced refractory period in females if the first mating partner was infected. During this shortened period fewer eggs were deposited, as an effect of the shorter refractory period, whereas the daily egg-laying rate remained the same regardless of whether the females were mated with a parasitized or an unparasitized male.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001140050750
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical distribution of the GABAB receptor splice variants GABAB R1a and R1b in the rat CNS and dorsal root ganglia (2000)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 201 (2000), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words GABAB receptor ; CNS ; Dorsal root ganglia ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The anatomical distribution of the GABAB receptor (GBR) splice variants GBR1a and 1b in the CNS has not previously been studied. In the present study, distribution of the splice variants was mapped using immunohistochemistry. Polyclonal antibodies against splice variant unique epitopes were raised in rabbits. Affinity purified antibodies were used according to routine immunohistochemical procedures in sections from the rat CNS or dorsal root ganglia (DRG). The staining intensity was high in the cerebral cortex but lower in basal ganglia and the hippocampus. In the cerebellum, there was a marked difference in the distribution of GBR1a- and 1b-like immunoreactivity (LI). GBR1a-LI was preferentially localised in the granule cell layer whilst GBR1b-LI was mostly found in Purkinje cells and in the molecular layer. Cell bodies of the deep cerebellar nuclei stained for the GBR1a antibody while terminals surrounding the cell bodies were strongly labelled with the GBR1b antibody. A similar pre- vs postsynaptic pattern was seen in several nuclei ventral or caudal to the cerebellum (e.g. the cochlear nucleus, the facial nucleus, the spinal cord) but not in regions rostral to the cerebellum. In the spinal cord, strong labelling for both antibodies was seen in the dorsal horn. The GBR1b but not the GBR1a antibody stained tanycytes in the epithelium of the 3rd ventricle and in the central canal at the brain stem level. DRG neurons were positive for both the GBR1a and 1b antibody, but the former stained the cells much more intensely. Satellite cells were labelled with the GBR1b antibody. The most important aspect of these findings is that in some nuclei, GBR1b may mediate inhibition of transmitter release while in the same regions, GBR1a may mediate postsynaptic inhibition. Further, the observations support previous findings that GBR1b is the predominant splice variant in Purkinje cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008224
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spermatophore characteristics in bushcrickets vary with parasitism and remating interval (2000)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 47 (2000), S. 393-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Spermatophylax ; Sperm competition ; Host-parasitoid relationship ; Ormiini ; Orthoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Male bushcrickets provide females with a nuptial gift, a spermatophore, which is transferred to females at mating. The spermatophore consists of a gelatinous mass, the spermatophylax, and the sperm-containing ampulla. Male spermatophore size is positively correlated with insemination rate and female refractory period and therefore with male reproductive success. In this study, we examined spermatophylax weight, ampulla weight and sperm number in males of Poecilimon mariannae parasitized by the acoustically orienting fly Therobia leonidei. We show that in parasitized males, spermatophylax weight decreases with the level of parasitism. In line with the hypothesis that parasitism is a cost to reproduction, we found that spermatophylax weight was reduced at remating. In contrast, the replenishment of the spermatophylax in unparasitized males was complete after 2 days and was increased no further after 3 days. Both sperm number and ampulla weight showed an increase over time since last mating and sperm production was estimated at a constant rate of 500,000 per day in all individuals, regardless of parasitism. The allocation of investment in components of the spermatophore varies greatly with parasitism and remating. Both factors had rather independent effects on spermatophore constitution, revealing functional constraints acting on spermatophore characteristics in bushcrickets, which are important for understanding the selection pressures working on its components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050682
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