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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 2499-2504 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe the design, calibration, and performance of surface forces apparatus with the capability of illumination of the contact interface for spectroscopic investigation using optical techniques. The apparatus can be placed in the path of a Nd-YAG laser for studies of the linear response or the second harmonic and sum-frequency generation from a material confined between the two surfaces. In addition to the standard fringes of equal chromatic order technique, which we have digitized for accurate and fast analysis, the distance of separation can be measured with a fiber-optic interferometer during spectroscopic measurements (2 Å resolution and 10 ms response time). The sample approach is accomplished through application of a motor drive, piezoelectric actuator, or electromagnetic lever deflection for variable degrees of range, sensitivity, and response time. To demonstrate the operation of the instrument, the stepwise expulsion of discrete layers of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane from the contact is shown. Lateral forces may also be studied by using piezoelectric bimorphs to induce and direct the motion of one surface. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 87 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In five patients with fetal growth retardation in pregnancies with no or only a moderate and transient rise in blood pressure, vascular lesions in the placental bed spiral arteries were found. These lesions are characterized by less well developed physiological morphological changes, by extensive intimal thickening, by fibrinoid degeneration of the media and by acute atherosis. The recurrent fetal growth retardation in these pregnancies may be the first clinical manifestation of underlying reno-vascular disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 382 (1996), S. 306-306 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - One long-standing question in developmental neuroscience is whether the functional architecture of the visual cortex is epigenetically induced by activity-dependent mechanisms or whether it is prespecified by genetic instructions1'2. It is widely assumed that dependence on experience and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 395 (1998), S. 73-78 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Neurons in the visual cortex respond preferentially to edge-like stimuli of a particular orientation. It is a long-standing hypothesis that orientation selectivity arises during development through the activity-dependent refinement of cortical circuitry. Unambiguous evidence for such a process ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 895-903 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Three new polymorphic modifications of molybdenum pentachloride could be obtained by solvothermal syntheses in CCl4 and SbCl5 as solvents. The structures have been solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The already known structure of monoclinic \alpha-MoCl5 (C2/m) is not isomorphous with \alpha-NbCl5 and is better derived from the closest packing of Cl atoms of the Sm type with molybdenum occupying 1/5 of the octahedral holes. The triclinic structure of \beta-MoCl5 (P\overline 1) can be derived from hexagonal closest packing. The orthorhombic structure of \gamma-MoCl5 (Pnma) and the monoclinic structure of \delta-MoCl5 (P21/c) can both be derived from double-hexagonal closest packing. All four forms of MoCl5 have in common the discrete Mo2Cl10 moieties built from edge-sharing double octahedra with the metal atoms displaced from the octahedron centres away from each other. The differences between the modifications lie in the different stacking sequences of the close-packed Cl-atom layers and the different occupation of the octahedral interstices. This is reflected in the group–subgroup relationships of the space groups of the closest packings and the molybdenum pentachlorides. X-ray powder diffraction shows that sublimed MoCl5 is a mixture of all four modifications in variable amounts and probably a further unknown form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Dynamic MRI ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Biological response modifiers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate if dynamic gadolinium-DTPA-supported magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can monitor the therapeutic effect of a fast-acting immuno-modulating drug like anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-α) monoclonal antibody (moab) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Dynamic MR imaging was performed on 64 joints in a total of 18 patients before and after infusion with either a placebo or 1 or 10 mg/kg of anti-TNF-α moab. Additionally, treating the placebo group and reinfusing the verum group with either 3 or 10 mg/kg was monitored by quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Time-dependent signal intensity changes were then correlated with a total of five Paulus criteria and with ESR and C-reactive protein (CRP). No changes in either the gadolinium uptake or clinical parameters were seen after the infusion of a placebo. Therapy with 1 mg/kg anti-TNF-α moab resulted in a significant decrease in clinical disease activity, as well as in gadolinium-DTPA uptake in dynamic NMR studies. However, correlations between signal intensity changes and Paulus criteria were only demonstrated for the variable “doctor's evaluation of disease activity”. Patients given 10 mg/kg moab demonstrated a very significant improvement in all clinical manifestations of their disease, as well as a high significant reduction in gadolinium uptake (P=0.004). In addition, the latter group showed significant correlations between time-dependent signal intensity changes and five Paulus criteria: “number of swollen joints”, “number of painful joints”, “duration of morning stiffness”, “doctor's evaluation of disease activity” and “patient's evaluation of disease activity”. No differences and correlations were seen for ESR and CRP. We concluded that dynamic NMR studies are suitable to monitor inflammatory activity in RA patients under therapy with biological response modifiers such as anti-TNF-α moab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 260 (1982), S. 762-770 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Druckbehandlung ; Elastizitätsmodul ; Netzwerkstruktur ; Polyäthylen ; Verstreckung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Samples of high density polyethylene were cold drawn at room temperature on a tensile testing machine at various crosshead speeds. At speeds up to 10 mm/min inhomogeneous stretching under almost isothermal conditions is observed, leading to draw ratiosλ=8–13 and a mean value of density ϱ ≃0.80 g/cm3 in the drawn portions. At higher speeds up to 50 mm/min adiabatic heating leads to higher draw ratiosλ=13–18 and lower density ϱ ≃ 0.64 g/cm3. No “natural draw ratio” could be verified. Whereas the drop of density with increasingλ can be represented by a straight line, Young's modulusE yields an increasing function ofλ. After subjecting the samples to pressure of 5600 bar at room temperature, their density had almost reached the initial value before drawing, not showing any dependence on draw ratio or any another parameter. Young's modulusE had increased, but not to the same proportion as density. From comparison ofϱ andE for drawn samples before and after pressure treatment the network behaviour of cold drawn polyethylene is revealed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Proben aus Polyäthylen hoher Dichte wurden bei Raumtemperatur mit verschiedenen Geschwindigkeitenv ver auf einer Zugprüfmaschine verstreckt. Beiv ver⩽ 10 mm/min beobachtet man eine fast isotherm verlaufende inhomogene Deformation, die zu Verstreckungsgradenλ=8–13 und mittleren Dichten ϱ = 0.80 g/cm3 in den verstreckten Probenbereichen führt. Die bei höherenv ver bis zu 50 mm/min eintretende adiabatische Erwähnung ergibt höhere Verstreckungsgradeλ=13–18 und geringere Dichten ϱ = 0.64 g/cm3. Es existiert kein „natürlicher Verstreckungsgrad“. Der Dichteabfall mit zunehmendemλ kann durch eine Gerade repräsentiert werden; der ElastizitätsmodulE ergibt eine mitλ zunehmende Kurve. Nach einer Druckbehandlung der Proben mit 5600 bar bei Raumtemperatur erreichte ihre Dichte fast wieder den Anfangswert vor der Verstreckung, wobeiϱ keine Abhängigkeit vonλ oder anderen Parametern zeigte. Der ModulE hatte zugenommen, aber nicht proportional zur Dichte. Der Vergleich vonϱ undE verstreckter Proben vor und nach der Druckbehandlung weist auf den Netzwerkcharakter von kaltverstrecktem Polyäthylen hin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 302 (1981), S. 61-62 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Usingγ quanta from a56Co source, resonance fluorescence from a 3,452 keV level in121Sb was observed. Four deexcitingγ transitions were identified. The profile of theγ emission line, investigated by means of a high speed centrifuge, yields with a novel variety of Doppler shift analysis a lifetime of τ4,298=(110±50)fs for theγ emitting 4,298 keV level in56Fe. The lifetime of the 3,452 keV level was determined to beτ 3,452 =(200±100)fs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using gaseous60CoI2 sources, the velocity distribution of60Ni nuclei afterβ-decay of60Co has been measured by the nuclear-resonance-fluorescence coincidence (NRFC) method. By comparison with model calculations, information is obtained on the rearrangement of electrons on the molecule as a consequence of the change of nuclear charge. In 42% of the rearrangement processes bound (NiI2)+ or (NiI)+ molecule ions are formed. In 24% the molecule is singly charged but with the bonds between Ni and its molecular partners ruptured. In 34% the charging of more than one molecular partner leads to Coulomb explosion of the molecule. The probability of finding more than one charge on the molecule is larger by a factor of 2 as compared to the probability for electron shake-off on an isolated Ni atom.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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