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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of azido tubulin: a photoaffinity label for tubulin-binding proteins (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 28 (1989), S. 8490-8496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00447a033
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conference Summary (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 466 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb38484.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microtubule Organizing Centers (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 1 (1985), S. 145-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0743-4634
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cb.01.110185.001045
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Movement and segregation of kinetochores experimentally detached from mammalian chromosomes (1988)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 336 (1988), S. 251-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] When Chinese hamster cells were arrested at the Gl/S boun-dary of the cell cycle by treatment with 2 mM hydroxyurea for 20 h and subsequently treated for 4-6 h with caffeine (5 mM), the cells entered mitosis without completing DNA synthesis as originally observed in BHK (baby hamster kidney) ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/336251a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cenpB gene is not essential in mice (1998)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 107 (1998), S. 570-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract.  Centromere protein B (CENP-B) is a centromeric DNA-binding protein that binds to α-satellite DNA at the 17 bp CENP-B box sequence. The binding of CENP-B, along with other proteins, to α-satellite DNA sequences at the centromere, is thought to package the DNA into heterochromatin subjacent to the kinetochore of mitotic chromosomes. To determine the importance of CENP-B to kinetochore assembly and function, we generated a mouse null for the cenpB gene. The deletion removed part of the promoter and the entire coding sequence except for the carboxyl-terminal 35 amino acids of the CENP-B polypeptide. Mice heterozygous or homozygous for the cenpB null mutation are viable and healthy, with no apparent defect in growth and morphology. We have established mouse embryo fibroblasts from heterozygous and homozygous cenpB null littermates. Microscopic analysis, using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy of the cultured cells, indicated that the centromere-kinetochore complex was intact and identical to control cells. Mitosis was identical in fibroblasts derived from cenpB wild-type, heterozygous and null animals. Our studies demonstrate that CENP-B is not required for the assembly of heterochromatin or the kinetochore, or for completion of mitosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004120050343
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitosis-specific phosphorylation of histone H3 initiates primarily within pericentromeric heterochromatin during G2 and spreads in an ordered fashion coincident with mitotic chromosome condensation (1997)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 106 (1997), S. 348-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We have generated and characterized a novel site-specific antibody highly specific for the phosphorylated form of the amino-terminus of histone H3 (Ser10). In this study, we used this antibody to examine in detail the relationship between H3 phosphorylation and mitotic chromosome condensation in mammalian cells. Our results extend previous biochemical studies by demonstrating that mitotic phosphorylation of H3 initiates nonrandomly in pericentromeric heterochromatin in late G2 interphase cells. Following initiation, H3 phosphorylation appears to spread throughout the condensing chromatin and is complete in most cell lines just prior to the formation of prophase chromosomes, in which a phosphorylated, but nonmitotic, chromosomal organization is observed. In general, there is a precise spatial and temporal correlation between H3 phosphorylation and initial stages of chromatin condensation. Dephosphorylation of H3 begins in anaphase and is complete immediately prior to detectable chromosome decondensation in telophase cells. We propose that the singular phosphorylation of the amino-terminus of histone H3 may be involved in facilitating two key functions during mitosis: (1) regulate protein-protein interactions to promote binding of trans-acting factors that “drive” chromatin condensation as cells enter M-phase and (2) coordinate chromatin decondensation associated with M-phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004120050256
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arrangements of kinetochores in mouse cells during meiosis and spermiogenesis (1986)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 94 (1986), S. 309-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Antibodies from the serum of patients with the autoimmune disease scleroderma CREST were used to investigate the association and distribution of kinetochores in mouse cells during meiosis and spermiogenesis. The pattern of indirect immunofluorescent staining in pachytene nuclei indicated that each autosomal bivalent contains one fluorescent spot. Throughout pachytene, the kinetochores were arranged non-randomly into several clusters and distributed around the periphery of the nucleus. In subsequent stages of meiotic prophase I, distribution was random and the number of fluorescent spots increased from 21 to 40 corresponding to the diploid chromosome number and the number of halfbivalents oriented to the spindle poles at the metaphase I. Twenty pairs of kinetochores were observed at metaphase II. During spermiogenesis, the number of kinetochores correlated with the haploid chromosome number in early spermatids but tandem association of centromeres and clustering into a conspicuous chromocenter corresponded to a significant reduction in the number of fluorescent foci in mid-spermatid nuclei. The number of stained sites per nucleus continued to decrease during sperm maturation and total absence of staining was apparent in mature spermatozoa. Immunoblotting of proteins extracted from mature sperm however, indicated that a kinetochore antigen of Mr 80,000 was still present. Therefore, the absence of kinetochore staining in mature spermatozoa is probably due to the blockage of epitopes during chromatin condensation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00290861
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitotic inhibition and chromosome displacement induced by estradiol in chinese hamster cells (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 235-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: diethylstilbestrol ; estradiol ; microtubules ; mitotic apparatus ; cytoplasmic microtubule complex ; indirect immunofluorescence ; electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We tested diethylstilbestrol (DES) and 17 β-estradiol as mitotic arrestants to determine their effects on chromosome distribution, spindle microtubules, and the cytoplasmic microtubule complex (CMTC) in the Chinese hamster strain Don. Cytological experiments assessed micronuclei induction, chromosome displacement, and anaphase recovery Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with antibody to tubulin and electron microscopy were used to illustrate effects on microtubules. Both DES and estradiol were potent inhibitors of mitosis when applied to cells in vitro. Estradiol induced micronuclei at a greater frequency than did DES. Estradiol-arrested metaphases often contained misaligned chromosomes despite the presence of a bipolar spindle and an equatorial plate. Equatorial plates were not observed in DES-arrested cells. Cells recovered quickly from estradiol exposure upon removal of the steroid. The frequency of abnormal metaphases and abnormal anaphases declined as the recovery period increased. Microtubule experiments showed that DES inhibited spindle assembly and disassembled the CMTC, whereas estradiol, at similar concentrations, arrested mitosis in a manner that allowed spindle assembly. A definite effect on the CMTC by estradiol could not be determined. However, changes in cell morphology were observed. In the presence of estradiol, centrosomes organized microtubules that joined with kinet-ochores of chromosomes at the equatorial plate as well as with those of misaligned chromosomes. Misaligned chromosomes appeared predominantly at polar regions of mitotic cells. Following drug removal, the pole-oriented chromosomes reoriented at the equatorial plate. The unique arresting properties of estradiol may prove useful in studies of chromosome migration and segregation during mitosis.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970070306
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