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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetization and critical current density of the Bi-(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O tapes in magnetic fields (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 2772-2774 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Bi-(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor was fabricated into tapes with a Cu sheath. Measurements of magnetization and critical current density Jc in magnetic fields up to 23 T were made for them. The magnetization measurement revealed that, at 4.2 K, these tape specimens had excellent Jc -H(magnetic field) characteristics, while at 77 K, the flux pinning force in them was reduced to zero above 0.3 T due to the flux creep. In the resistive Jc measurement at 4.2 K, these tape specimens showed Jc of ∼7000 A/cm2 at 23. The Jc -H curve showed a slight peak effect, indicating the peak over 30 T.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101950
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication of multifilamentary Y-Ba-Cu-O oxide superconductors (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 52 (1988), S. 2261-2262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Workability of Y-Ba-Cu-O composite wires with a Ag sheath has been studied and multifilamentary Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors with a Ag matrix have been successfully fabricated. Observations of the wires with a scanning electron microscope reveal that as the areal reduction ratio R increases, the average Y-Ba-Cu-O grain size decreases. The study on the workability of the composite wires reveals that composite wires consisting of the Y-Ba-Cu-O powder and a Ag matrix can be rolled or drawn to any extent by a cold-work process with intermediate annealings at 150 °C for R=∼10. Based on this study, we have succeeded in fabricating a 252 filament Y-Ba-Cu-O wire which shows a Tc (onset) of ∼95 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99770
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metallurgical studies and optimization of sintering for the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 6392-6395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Metallurgical studies and optimization of sintering condition to obtain the maximum volume fraction of the high Tc phase (∼110 K) have been made for the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system. In the differential thermal analysis, double peaks of endothermic reaction at ∼870 and ∼910 °C were observed during the increase of temperature, and a weight loss accompanied each endothermic reaction. Optimum calcining and sintering conditions to obtain a large volume fraction of the high Tc phase were 820 °C×14 h+840 °C×6 h and 875 °C×100 to 200 h in air, respectively. As for the variation of Cu concentration, nominal composition of Bi1Sr1Ca1Cu2Ox gave the maximum volume fraction of the high Tc phase. (For these specimens, sintering time was varied up to 20 days.) Post annealing at 400 °C for 20 h in an oxygen atmosphere after the sintering at 875 °C for 100 to 470 h in air had little effect on the improvement of volume fraction of the high Tc phase. As for the specimen to which Pb is added, however, the post annealing at 400 °C for 20 h increased the volume fraction of the high Tc phase. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the Bi1Sr1Ca1Cu2Ox (nominal composition) specimens sintered at 875 °C for 100 to 470 h consist mostly of well-grown thin layers, while the specimen sintered at 875 °C for 14 h consists mostly of fine pieces of thin layers piling up at random. Electron probe microanalysis revealed that microstructure of the specimen sintered at 875 °C consists of Bi-poor regions and the matrix surrounding them, and that these Bi-poor regions are classified into Cu-rich regions and Ca-rich regions. The superconducting phases of this material are considered to exist in the matrix region. We identified the Cu-rich regions and Ca-rich regions as (Sr0.45, Ca0.55 )3 Cu5 Ox and (Sr0.08, Ca0.92 )2 CuOx, respectively. The average size of these regions increased with increasing time of sintering, although total volume fraction of these regions did not increase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342052
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication of Bi-(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O mono- and multifilamentary superconductors and improvement in critical current density (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 2762-2764 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Bi-(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor has been fabricated into tapes without sheathing and into multifilamentary wires and tapes with Ag sheathing. Metallurgical studies as well as measurements have been made for them. Tape specimens prepared by combination and repetition of cold work (or cold press) and sintering showed critical current density Jc as high as 5×103 A/cm2 at 77 K with good reproducibility and reliability, although these specimens are sufficiently thick (0.5–1.0 mm). (Generally, Jc at zero field is inversely proportional to thickness.) For these tape specimens (with Cu sheath), sintering and Jc measurement were performed after the Cu sheath was removed. X-ray analysis showed that most of these tape specimens consist purely of high-Tc phase (∼107 K). In these specimens, the c axis tends to align well. This c axis alignment as well as compacting effect may be a cause of the enhancement in Jc . On the other hand, the tape specimens cold-worked and sintered only once (not repeated) showed Jc as small as only 102 A/cm2 with the c axis showing no sign of alignment. A 1330-filament Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O wire with a Ag sheath has been successfully fabricated. This multifilamentary wire shows critical temperature Tc of ∼105 K. A multifilamentary tape specimen fabricated by a combination of cold work and sintering showed Jc of 1.05×103 A/cm2 at 77 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344201
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on interdomain interaction of 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus, by constructing chimeric enzymes (1999)
    Springer
    Extremophiles 3 (1999), S. 259-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-4909
    Keywords: Key words Thermophilic enzymes ; 3-Isopropylmalate dehydrogenase ; Thermostability ; Thermus thermophilus ; Chimeric proteins ; Interdomain interaction ; Differential scanning calorimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In our previous study, we showed that a chimeric isopropylmalate dehydrogenase, 2T2M6T, between an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus, and a mesophile, Bacillus subtilis, isopropylmalate dehydrogenases (the name roughly denotes the primary structure; the first 20% from the N-terminal is coded by the thermophile leuB gene, next 20% by mesophile, and the rest by the thermophile gene) denatured in two steps with a stable intermediate, suggesting that in the chimera some of the interdomain interaction was lost by amino acid substitutions in the "2M" part. To identify the residues involved in the interdomain interactions, the first and the second halves of the 2M part of the chimera were substituted with the corresponding sequence of the thermophile enzyme. Both chimeras, 3T1M6T and 2T1M7T, apparently showed one transition in the thermal denaturation without any stable intermediate state, suggesting that the cooperativity of the conformational stability was at least partly restored by the substitutions. The present study also suggested involvement of one or more basic residues in the unusual stability of the thermophile enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007920050125
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Outbreaks of nosocomial rotavirus gastro-enteritis in a paediatric ward (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 954-958 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Nosocomial infection ; Rotavirus gastro-enteritis ; SDS-PAGE ; Serotyping ELISA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Faecal samples were collected from patients with gastro-enteritis during two winter seasons on a paediatric ward. Three outbreaks of nosocomial rotavirus gastro-enteritis were identified by latex agglutination and the virus strains were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the genome nucleic acid and by subgrouping and serotyping enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). One outbreak was caused by serotype 1 rotavirus, one by serotype 2 and the remaining outbreak was caused by a mixture of serotypes 1 and 4. Identical electrophoretic patterns of the rotavirus genome in each outbreak combined with the ELISA results indicate that these three outbreaks were hospital-acquired cases. The index cases in the three outbreaks were community-acquired and one of two index cases in the second outbreak was hospital-acquired. On each occasion, susceptible roommates were easily infected from the index cases and then cross-infection occurred in the paediatric ward. Possible vehicles were the medical staff, especially doctors, parents of infected patients and infected patients who were moved to other rooms. One patient who had been treated with a series of antitumour therapies excreted rotaviruses in faeces for a long time period and probably played a role as a source.of the outbreak. Moreover, some patients still excreted rotaviruses in their normal stool 1 week after recovery from gastro-enteritis. These findings indicate that continual examination of stool samples for rotaviruses until they are negative may be important to prevent the spread of rotavirus infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02282886
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dot blot hybridization with a cDNA probe derived from the human calicivirus Sapporo 1982 strain (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 141 (1996), S. 1949-1959 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A dot blot hybridization assay was developed for detection of human calicivirus/Sapporo/82/J (HuCV/Sa/82) or strains closely related to HuCV/Sa/82 in stool specimens. The cDNA derived from the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) region of HuCV/Sa/82 was used as a positive probe and the pBR 322 DNA as a negative control probe. Both probes were labeled with digoxigenin and the products of hybridization reaction were detected with an anti-digoxigenin antibody-alkaline phosphatase conjugate. This assay was specific for HuCV/Sa/82 and for HuCV antigenically related to HuCV/Sa/82. The lower limit of sensitivity of this assay was estimated to be about 105 physical particles or 10 pg of cDNA, similar to that of the previously developed ELISA for HuCV. In 1 273 stool specimens obtained from children with acute gastroenteritis in Sapporo, Japan, 110 (8.6%) contained small round structured viruses by EM and 23 (1.8%) were positive for HuCV antigenically related to HuCV/Sa/82 by either the hybridization assay or ELISA. A higher positive rate was obtained with the dot blot assay (21%) than by ELISA (10%), suggesting that the dot blot assay either detects HuCV more broadly than the ELISA or detects HuCV covered with fecal antibodies which interrupt antigen-antibody reactions in the ELISA. Negative results for detection of Norwalk virus (NV) cDNA and feline calicivirus (FCV) RNA by both this assay and the ELISA indicated that the HuCV/Sa/82 strain is distinct antigenically and genetically from NV and FCV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01718206
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular characterization of morphologically typical human calicivirus Sapporo (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 142 (1997), S. 1537-1552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Human calicivirus Sapporo (SV) has typical calicivirus morphology and causes acute gastroenteritis in children. The nucleotide sequence of 3.2 kb of the 3′ end of SV was determined from a cloned cDNA. The 3′ end of the SV genome is predicted to encode the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region, the capsid protein and two small open reading frames. The nonstructural and capsid protein coding sequences in the SV genome are fused in a single open reading frame. The organization of these proteins in the SV sequence is similar to that of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and the recently described Manchester virus, and distinct from the genome organization of the prototype human calicivirus, Norwalk virus, that lacks typical calicivirus morphology and has been described as a small round structured virus (SRSV). Sequence analysis of the predicted capsid region showed that the SV capsid is longer by ∼30 amino acids than the capsid of any of the SRSVs, and multiple sequence alignments showed that these additional amino acids are located in the variable region of the capsid protein. Expression of the capsid protein of SV in insect cells resulted in the self-assembly of virus-like particles that have a morphology similar to that of the native virus. This result shows that calicivirus morphology is determined by the primary sequence of the capsid protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050178
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