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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of bias enhanced nucleation of diamond on silicon (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4388-4396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The process of bias enhanced nucleation of microwave chemical vapor deposited diamond on silicon has been extensively characterized using plasma diagnostics, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The nucleation kinetics were measured as a function of bias voltage, methane partial pressure, and substrate temperature. The nucleation is found to be transient in character, with a delay time followed by an exponential increase in nucleation density with time, and finally a saturation. The ion flux and ion energy distribution was measured by a retarding field probe. The nucleation density was found to reach a maximum at a bias at which the ion energy distribution has a maximum of 80 eV, independent of the substrate temperature. This is taken as strong evidence that nucleation enhancement involves ion subplantation. The Raman spectra and x-ray diffraction suggests that the films during nucleation consist primarily of sp2 bonded noncrystalline carbon. The presence of the (0002) interlayer graphitic peak suggests that the carbon is primarily graphitic. The diamond nuclei form in this matrix. TEM shows mainly amorphous hillocks being formed on the substrates by bias enhanced nucleation. Diffraction patterns and high resolution TEM reveal the presence of β-SiC and also a small number of diamond particles. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361864
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of bias-enhanced nucleation of diamond on Si (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 3287-3289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The nucleation of diamond on Si is enhanced for negative substrate bias of 200–250 V. We show that the ion flux is the critical factor causing the enhanced nucleation. The ion energy distribution has a maximum at about 80 eV, the optimum to subplant C ions into a-C. We propose that subplantation causes deposition of nanocrystalline graphitic C, and that diamond nucleates where the graphitic planes are locally oriented perpendicular to the surface. An atomic model is proposed that allows a matching of the diamond, graphite, and Si lattice. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113732
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eccrine spiradenoma and dermal cylindroma (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 10 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The homologous nature and morphological similarities between cutaneous and salivary gland tumors have been well documented. This is especially true of the monomorphic adenoma, eccrine spiradenoma and cylindroma. Prior to the first full clinical and pathological description, about twenty-five years ago, the lesion of eccrine spiradenoma had been given multiple synonyms.This report is of a patient with an eccrine spiradenoma in the buttock and dermal-type cylindroma of the parotid gland. This may represent the transformation of pleuripotential basal cells originating in the parotid and eccrine sweat gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0560.1983.tb00318.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experiences with applying a genetic algorithm to determine an information systems architecture (1997)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 19 (1997), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Information systems architecture ; business Systems planning ; cluster analysis ; genetic algorithms ; Architektur von Informationssystemen ; Business Systems Planning ; Cluster-Analyse ; Genetische Algorithmen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Entwicklung von Architekturen von Informationssystemen (ISA) wird vielfach das Business-Systems-Planning-(BSP)-Konzept vorgeschlagen. Ein Teilproblem dieses Planungskonzepts besteht darin, unter Berücksichtigung von Optimalitätskriterien Unternehmensprozesse und Datenbestände zu möglichst voneinander unabhängigen Teilsystemen zusammenzufassen. Da die Leistungsgrenzen von exakten Optimierungsverfahren für dieses Problem rasch erreicht werden, interessiert der Einsatz von heuristischen Verfahren. Zunächst werden das BSP-Problem und die Vorgehensweise genetischer Algorithmen kurz erläutert. Danach wird die Anwendung eines einfachen genetischen Algorithmus auf das BSP-Problem beschrieben. Ein Vergleich mit Ergebnissen exakter Verfahren bildet einen weiteren wichtigen Bestandteil der Untersuchung.
    Notes: Abstract While determining information systems architectures (ISA), business systems planning (BSP) is a well-known method to join processes and data classes to subsystems. BSP matrices have generally been rearranged without describing the underlying methods. Meanwhile, various techniques have been developed for solving the ISA problem. Since exact optimization methods often fail to provide results for large ISA problems, different heuristics have been applied. A new heuristic for solving the ISA problem is the application of genetic algorithms (GA). This paper examines the application of a simple GA to the ISA problem and compares the results of applying the GA with those obtained by exact methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01539808
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experiences with applying a genetic algorithm to determine an information systems architecture (1997)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 19 (1997), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Key words: Information systems architecture ; business systems planning ; cluster analysis ; genetic algorithms ; Schlüsselwörter: Architektur von Informationssystemen ; Business Systems Planning ; Cluster-Analyse ; Genetische Algorithmen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Zur Entwicklung von Architekturen von Informationssystemen (ISA) wird vielfach das Business-Systems-Planning-(BSP)-Konzept vorgeschlagen. Ein Teilproblem dieses Planungskonzepts besteht darin, unter Berücksichtigung von Optimalitätskriterien Unternehmensprozesse und Datenbestände zu möglichst voneinander unabhängigen Teilsystemen zusammenzufassen. Da die Leistungsgrenzen von exakten Optimierungsverfahren für dieses Problem rasch erreicht werden, interessiert der Einsatz von heuristischen Verfahren. Zunächst werden das BSP-Problem und die Vorgehensweise genetischer Algorithmen kurz erläutert. Danach wird die Anwendung eines einfachen genetischen Algorithmus auf das BSP-Problem beschrieben. Ein Vergleich mit Ergebnissen exakter Verfahren bildet einen weiteren wichtigen Bestandteil der Untersuchung.
    Notes: Abstract. While determining information systems architectures (ISA), business systems planning (BSP) is a well-known method to join processes and data classes to subsystems. BSP matrices have generally been rearranged without describing the underlying methods. Meanwhile, various techniques have been developed for solving the ISA problem. Since exact optimization methods often fail to provide results for large ISA problems, different heuristics have been applied. A new heuristic for solving the ISA problem is the application of genetic algorithms (GA). This paper examines the application of a simple GA to the ISA problem and compares the results of applying the GA with those obtained by exact methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01539808
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of a monoclinic polymorph of N-[4-(acetyloxy)-phenyl]acetamide, a prodrug of acetaminophen (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 175-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Acetaminophen prodrug ; drug polymorphism ; x-ray analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The preparation, single crystal x-ray structure and the computed powder XRD pattern of a monoclinic polymorph of N-[4-(acetyloxy)phenyl]acetamide, a prodrug of acetaminophen, are reported. The polymorph crystallizes in the space group P21/n with Z = 4 and unit cell dimensions a = 7.219(2), b = 8.015(2), c = 16.575(2) Å, β = 92.07(1)°, and V = 958.4(4) Å3. Infinite spiral molecular arrays result from intermolecular head-to-tail hydrogen bonding between the amidic H atom of one molecule and the acetoxy carbonyl oxygen atom of a 21-related molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009565926282
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    g-factor of the second 4+ state in24Mg (1984)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 315 (1984), S. 319-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The transient field technique has been used to determine theg-factor of the 4 2 + state at 6.010MeV excitation in24Mg. The deduced value ofg=+0.5(4) is consistent with collective model expectations. Further, the equality within experimental accuracies, of the g-factors of the 2 1 + , 2 2 + , 4 1 + and 4 2 + states agrees with theoretical predictions for thisT=0 self-conjugate nucleus, in contrast to the results for20Ne.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01438456
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic moment of the 19/2+ isomer in135Ce (1982)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 304 (1982), S. 269-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Employing the time-integral PAC technique with an external magnetic field, the g-factor of the 19/2+ state at 2,125.6 keV in135Ce was determined to be g=−0.07(1). This value favours a predominant (h 11 2/−2 s 1 2/−1 ) neutron configuration for this level. Its meanlife has been redetermined with improved precision to be τ=11.8(5) ns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01414502
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible dibaryon states produced in4He-proton interactions (1984)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 317 (1984), S. 335-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the hydrogen bubble chamber study of the4Hep→dppn reaction at incident alpha 8.6 GeV/c momentum the structures in the two-proton effective mass distribution are observed at 2,035±15 MeV and 2,137±15 MeV. Possible nature of the effect is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01438366
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histamine-1 receptors do not directly modulate canine gastric acid secretion (1981)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 11 (1981), S. 663-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of histamine-1 receptors in modulating gastric acid secretion was evaluated in anesthetized dogs with gastric fistulas. Histamine receptor agonists were infused directly into the gastric artery supplying the fundus to avoid any systemic hemodynamic effects. Two experimental approaches were taken to try to determine whether histamine-1 receptors participate in the control of acid secretion. Firstly, we measured the effect of H1-receptor antagonist, hydroxyzine dihydrochloride, on histamine and dimaprit stimulated acid secretion. Secondly, we measured the effect of H1-receptor agonist on dimaprit stimulated gastric secretion. Although H1-receptor antagonist enhanced stimulated gastric acid secretion to histamine, the antagonist also enhanced stimulated gastric acid secretion to dimaprit (H2-agonist), suggesting that the enhanced gastric acid secretion after administration of H1-receptor antagonist is not becacuse of the inhibition of histamine receptor at the gastric fundus. In addition, two doses of H1-receptor agonist infused into the gastric fundus had no effect on dimaprit stimulated gastric acid secretion. These data suggest that H1-receptors do not modulate gastric acid secretion at the level of the gastric fundus in the dog.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01978786
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