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  • 1995-1999  (1,427)
  • 1965-1969  (483)
  • 1945-1949  (242)
  • 1830-1839  (10)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 13 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) has been suspected of playing an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases, and has become a target for the treatment of these diseases. Open-label, placebo controlled studies have shown that engineered CDP571 and chimeric anti-TNF antibody (cA2) provide a significant benefit in Crohn’s disease. Since these antibodies have to be used repeatedly to maintain remission in inflammatory bowel disease, there is a concern that their use may compromise host defence and produce toxic side-effects.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:We evaluated the combined use of mouse specific TNFα mab (25 μg/mouse, Endogen) and pentoxifylline (PF, 100 mg/kg/day, p.o., TNFα release inhibitor) in the DSS (3% dextran sulphate solution) model of mouse colitis. Colitis was induced by the feeding of 3% DSS for three cycles. The study groups were: Group I: single injection of rat anti-mouse IgG, Group II: single injection of TNFα mab, Group III: daily PF for three cycles, Group IV: single injection of TNFα mab + PF for three cycles, Group V: TNFα mab at the beginning of each cycle (three injections) and Group VI: TNFα mab (three injections) + daily PF for three cycles. Daily disease activity (DAI) was measured throughout the study. At the end of each cycle, colon tissue was processed for histology, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and plasma TNFα.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Mice treated with a single injection of TNFα alone or TNFα mab + PF showed significantly lower DAI, inflammation scores and ulcer index compared with the IgG treated group. Mice treated with TNFα mab + PF had no ulcers. Multiple injections of TNFα mab or TNFα mab + PF showed greater inhibition in DAI and cytokines in the first two cycles. However, in the third cycle, multiple injections of TNFα mab showed adverse proinflammatory effects.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:The simultaneous administration of pentoxifylline and TNFα mab may enhance therapeutic outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease and reduce the side-effects associated with the repeated use of TNFα mab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . In vitro excystation of Spironucleus muris cysts, purified by sequential sucrose and Percoll gradients from mouse feces, was studied. Three in vitro excystation procedures, used for Giardia, were assessed to determine the most useful method. Excystation was monitored by light microscopy and subsequently characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Spironucleus muris excysted routinely at a level greater than 90% when induced in Hanks’ balanced salt solution containing sodium bicarbonate at pH 2.0 and transferred to Tyrodes’ salt solution as an excystation medium. Similarly, high rates of excystation were recorded after induction of S. muris cysts in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) with sodium bicarbonate and excystation in trypticase-yeast extract-iron medium (TYI medium) or phosphate-buffered saline. A lower rate and percentage of excystation were observed after induction of S. muris cysts in an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (pH 2.0) followed by excystation in TYI medium. All excystation methods produced extremely active S. muris trophozoites with normal morphology. Nonexcysting S. muris cysts have a wall composed of an outer fibrous and an inner membranous portion. Following induction, numerous vesicles appeared in the peritrophic space. Excystation began by the cyst wall opening at one pole, and the anterior part of the trophozoite protruding from the cyst wall. The trophozoite emerged progressively from the cyst wall and the empty cyst wall appeared to collapse. Excysted trophozoites exhibited normal morphological features of S. muris trophozoites isolated from the mouse intestine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 24-25 (1947), S. 665-672 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Pseudophakie ; Keratoplastik ; Sekundäre bullöse Keratopathie ; Fuchs-Dystrophie ; Hinterkammerlinse ; Key words Pseudophakic keratoplasty ; Secondary bullous keratopathy ; Fuchs' dystrophy ; Posterior chamber lens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Penetrating keratoplasties in pseudophakia were added to a group with limited prognosis. This was especially valuable, if iris-supported and anterior chamber intraocular lenses were implanted. Since today mainly posterior chamber lenses are implanted, the question of the long-term prognosis in this type of lens is important. Patients and method: From 1985 to 1994, 62 penetrating keratoplasties in pseudophakic eyes with posterior chamber IOL were performed: group I: decompensated Fuchs dystrophy (26 patients), group II: secondary surgery-related bullous keratopathy (36 patients) exclusively. Minimal follow-up was 18 months, mean age was 73.7 years. Results: The mean follow-up period was 32 months. The mean visual acuity on delivery was 0.11. After 6 months it was 0.23, after 1 year 0.3, after 2 years 0.35 and after 3 years 0.41 without significant differences in either group. Two years after transplantation 52.8% gained a visual acuity (VA) of ≥0.3, after 3 years 58.6% of which 41.1% had a VA of ≥0,5. There was a visual improvement in 83.4%; the mean spherical equivalent was –0.29 D. Refractive errors within 2 D of emmetropia were found in 56.7%; 95.1% of the grafts remained clear. Five patients had a reversible graft rejection. Extracorneal factors of impaired vision were observed in 25 patients. Conclusion: Despite a different VA before surgery, the visual outcome in the two groups was identical. Penetrating keratoplasty in Fuchs dystrophy and secondary bullous keratopathy with posterior chamber IOL have a much better long-term prognosis than those with iris-supported and anterior chamber IOL. Postoperative complications and graft rejections are rare.
    Notes: Perforierende Keratoplastiken bei Pseudophakie zählten bisher zur Gruppe mit einer eingeschränkten Prognose. Dies galt insbesondere, wenn iris- und kammerwinkelgestützte Intraokularlinsen implantiert wurden. Es ergibt sich die Frage wie die Langzeitprognose bei der üblichen Hinterkammerlinsenimplantation ist. Patienten und Methode: Im Zeitraum von 1985 – 1994 wurden 62 perforierende Keratoplastiken an pseudophaken Augen mit Hinterkammerlinse durchgeführt wegen: Gruppe I: dekompensierte Fuchs-Dystrophie (26 Patienten), Gruppe II: sekundär operationsbedingte bullöse Keratopathie (36 Patienten). Die Mindestnachbeobachtung betrug 18 Monate. Das mittlere Alter lag bei 73,7 Jahren. Ergebnisse: Bei einer durchschnittlichen Nachbeobachtung von 32 Monaten betrug das mittlere Sehvermögen bei der Entlassung 0,11, nach 6 Monaten 0,23, nach 1 Jahr 0,3, nach 2 Jahren 0,35, nach 3 Jahren 0,41 ohne signifikanten Unterschied in beiden Gruppen. Zwei Jahre nach der Transplantation hatten 52,8% der Patienten einen Visus von ≥0,3, nach 3 Jahren waren es 58,6%, davon 41,1% mit einem Visus ≥0,5, das entspricht einer Visusverbesserung bei 83,4%. Das durchschnittliche sphärische Äquivalent betrug –0,29 dpt. 56,7% lagen zwischen + und –2 dpt. 95,1% der Transplantate blieben klar. Bei 5 Patienten kam es zu einer reversiblen Abstoßungsreaktion. Extrakorneale Ursachen einer Visusminderung wurden bei 25 Patienten beobachtet. Schlußfolgerung: Trotz unterschiedlichem Ausgangsvisus waren die postoperativen Ergebnisse in beiden Gruppen gleich. Perforierende Keratoplastiken wegen Fuchs-Dystrophie und sekundär bullöser Keratopathie haben bei HKL eine wesentlich bessere Langzeitprognose als bei iris- und kammerwinkelgestützten IOL. Postoperative Komplikationen und Transplantateintrübungen sind selten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 23 (1998), S. 29-40 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: background risk ; stochastic dominance ; coinsurance ; deductibles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The demand for insurance against loss from a particular risky asset is likely to depend on other risks the decision-maker faces. For independently distributed other risks, referred to as background risk, Eeckhoudt and Kimball [1992] determine the effect on insurance demand of introducing background risk. Recently, Eeckhoudt, Gollier, and Schlesinger [1996] determine conditions on preferences such that first- and second-degree stochastic deteriorations in background risk lead to a decrease in the decision-maker's willingness to accept other risks. These results, although formulated in a general decision model, also apply to insurance demand. This article continues analysis of this question by determining the effect on insurance demand of several other general changes in background risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 26 (1948), S. 185-189 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 26 (1948), S. 282-288 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 26 (1948), S. 505-512 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 26 (1948), S. 154-160 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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