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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hot electron transport in SiO2 probed with a scanning tunnel microscope (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 730-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hot electrons injected with a scanning tunnel microscope (STM) tip into Pt/SiO2/Si(100) structures were detected as a collector current in the Si by using a STM configuration known as ballistic electron emission microscopy. The collector current, observed for STM tip potentials (approximately-greater-than)4 V and for oxide biases ≥0 V, is direct evidence for electron transmission through the conduction band of the SiO2. Negative oxide biases delayed the onset of current to correspondingly higher tip potentials. A simple model was used to extract the energy and bias dependent transmission probabilities from the experimental data for a 62 A(ring) SiO2 layer. The results are compared with Monte Carlo calculations. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114114
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    p+ doping of Si by Al diffusion upon annealing Al/n-Si(111)7×7 (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 3010-3012 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A novel method for the formation of a p+-layer underneath a Si(111)7×7 surface is presented. It is based on annealing of an epitaxial Al/n-Si(111) interface up to complete desorption of the Al film. This leads to a strong potential variation within the substrate, as observed in Si-2p core-level photoemission spectra with variable sampling depth, while scanning-tunneling microscopy reveals an unchanged 7×7 reconstructed surface. These observations are consistent with a p+ doping of (4±2)×1018/cm3 and a lowering of the surface Fermi level by (0.06±0.02) eV. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114260
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kerr-rotation imaging in scanning near-field optical microscopy using a modified Sagnac interferometer (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 538-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A scanning near-field optical microscope is combined with a modified Sagnac interferometer to generate high-resolution magnetic contrast images of a magneto-optical disk (MOD) in reflection. The interferometer acts as a magnetic sensor to determine the Kerr rotation of reflected circularly polarized light. A separate shear-force sample topography is obtained simultaneously with the optical. This technique allows successful magnetic imaging of samples with complicated surface topographies, as demonstrated with the MOD. For these initial measurements, the resolution with nonmetal-coated fiber tips is 300 nm, and the magnetic phase sensitivity is 1 mrad. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121925
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of occupational skin diseases during vocational training in baker and confectioner apprentices: a follow-up study (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 39 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Baker and confectioner apprentices have been included in a prospective follow-up study in the region of East Thuringia, to evaluate risk factors for the development of hand dermatitis. Starting in August 1996, the apprentices have been interviewed and examined in a standardized way right at the beginning (n=91) of their vocational training, 6 (n=79) and 12 months (n=63) later. To gain objective data, TEWL score was also assessed at 3 standardized sites on the hands. In their case histories, 3.3% (n=3) of the apprentices reported hand dermatitis. The 1st assessment after 2 to 4 weeks vocational training revealed hand eczema in 17.5% (n=16) of the individuals. At the follow-up after 6 months of training 29.1% (n=23), and after 12 month of training 27.0% (n=17), of the apprentices had hand dermatitis of mild to moderate severity. Within 6 months, the TEWL score rose significantly (p〈0.001) from 11.9 g m−2 h−1 (± 5.4) to 16.8 g m−2 h−1 (± 9.5). After 12 months, the TEWL score was 14.9 g m−2 h−1 (± 4.6). For the atopic skin diathesis (〉 10 points of Diepgen's atopy score), there was a significant tendency to be a predictive factor for the development of occupational hand dermatitis. TEWL score failed to correlate with the development of skin damage in our study. The same was true for respiratory atopy and metal sensitization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05946.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and magnetization changes upon annealing of Fe/Cu(100): An in situ scanning tunneling microscopy and magneto-optical Kerr effect study (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 482-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Morphology changes and irreversible reorientation of the easy magnetization axis upon annealing of thin epitaxial fcc-iron films grown at 100 K on Cu(100) were studied in situ with scanning tunneling microscopy and the magneto-optical Kerr effect. An irreversible spin reorientation from in-plane to out-of-plane is observed for 6 monolayers thick iron films annealed to 350 K. This change in magnetic anisotropy is accompanied by considerable smoothing of the iron film surface. Annealing to higher temperatures leads to a strong increase of the coercive field by up to a factor of 6. The surfaces of these films are atomically flat and display some scattered needle-like protrusions and dislocation lines. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365581
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral rush desensitization to milk (1999)
    Copenhagen : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00228.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Denture-induced local and systemic reactions to acrylate (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03965.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaphylaxis due to Monascus purpureus-fermented rice (red yeast rice) (1999)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00374.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Robot-assisted surgery in total hip replacement (1997)
    Springer
    Der Unfallchirurg 100 (1997), S. 640-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Key words Robot-assisted surgery ; Schlüsselwörter Computerunterstützter Robotereinsatz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wichtigste Voraussetzung für die dauerhafte Fixation eines Implantats ist die primäre Stabilität. Ziel jeder zementfreien Implantation einer Endoprothese ist die Osseointegration. Darunter wird ein direkter Knochen-Implantat-Kontakt, d. h. eine Fixation des Implantats im Knochen ohne Zwischenschaltung von Bindegewebe verstanden. Neben dem Design des Implantats sowie der Beschaffenheit der Implantatoberfläche und der Materialeigenschaften des Implantats spielt die Operationstechnik für eine dauerhafte Fixation eine entscheidende Rolle. Eine konische Verankerung von Femurprothesen gewährleistet bei zementfreien Implantationen eine hohe Primärstabilität. Die Art der Verankerung des Prothesenschafts in der Femurmarkhöhle und die daraus resultierende Lastübertragung von Implantat auf den Knochen hat somit einen entscheidenden Einfluß auf die Haltbarkeit der Prothese. Um eine möglichst optimale primäre Fixation des Implantats zu erzielen, wird seit Sommer 1994 an der Berufsgenossenschaftlichen Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main zur Implantation einer Schaftprothese ein computerunterstützter Robotereinsatz verwendet. Anhand einer präoperativen Planung am dreidimensionalen Graphikcomputer werden diese Daten dem Roboter übertragen, der dann während der Operation das Ausfräsen der Femurmarkhöhle für einen Form-Fitt-Sitz gewährleistet. Bisher wurden mit dieser Methode 250 Patienten operativ versorgt. Die guten postoperativen Verlaufskontrollen haben dazu geführt, daß an der Berufsgenossenschaftlichen Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main jetzt 2 Roboter für die Implantation zur Verfügung stehen.
    Notes: Summary The most important prerequisite for permanent fixation of an implant is primary stability. Osteointegration of the implant is a major goal in cementless total hip replacement (THR). This means direct contact between bone and implant, leading to fixation of the implant in the bone without the interference of fibrous tissue. In addition to the design of the implant, the structure of the implant surface and the material of the implant, the specific operational technique plays a major role in permanent fixation. Only the conical fixation of femoral implants guarantees high primary stability in cementless THR. The type of fixation of the implant in the femoral cavity and the resulting load transfer from implant to bone has a decisive effect on the durability of the prostheses. In order to achieve optimal primary fixation of the implant, robot-assisted implantation of the cementless implant has been performed at the Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main since the summer of 1994. After preoperative planning at a three-dimensional graphic work station these data are transferred to the robot, which transforms the preoperative planning by milling the femoral cavity with the highest precision. So far this type of surgery has been performed on 300 patients. The encouraging postoperative results prompted us to install the second system of Robodoc at the Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001130050169
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rechnerunterstützter Robotereinsatz in der Hüftendoprothetik (1997)
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 26 (1997), S. 251-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hüftprothese ; Zementfreie Prothese ; Computergesteuerter Robotereinsatz ; Präoperative Planung ; ROBODOC ; Key words Hip replacement ; Cementless implant ; Robot-assisted surgery ; Preoperative planning ; ROBODOC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Computer-guided robot-assisted surgery in cementless total hip replacement requires exact preoperative planning at the 3D workstation Orthodoc. Only the Robodoc procedure allows the precise execution of the preoperative plan in surgery. Robot-assisted surgery has been undergoing clinical evaluation at the Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik, Frankfurt, since November 1994. In all 465 patients, the preoperative plan was successfully carried out intraoperatively. The high precision in reaming, leading to a superb bone implant contact, guarentees absolute initial stability and is likely to promote primary healing between implant and bone. The common and often published incidence of varus or valgus malpositioning and any fractures or fissures could be avoided through the use of Robodoc. Although immediate full-weight bearing was strongly recommended to the patients, no implant subsidence was seen in the regular follow-up X ray studies. In der Literatur beschriebene Varus- sowie Valgusfehlstellungen sowie intraoperativ aufgetretene Frakturen bzw. Fissuren konnten bei der Anwendung dieser Operationsmethode vermieden werden. Trotz sofortiger erlaubter postoperativer Belastung konnte eine Sinterung des Prothesenschaftes auch bei den regelmäßig durchgeführten Verlaufskontrollen nicht nachgewiesen werden.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der computergesteuerte Robotereinsatz bei der Implantation einer zementfreien Prothese erfordert eine exakte präoperative Planung am dreidimensionalen Graphik-Computer (Orthodoc). Erstmals ist es mit diesem Verfahren möglich, daß die in 3 Ebenen erfolgte Planung durch den computergesteuerten Robotereinsatz am Patienten umgesetzt werden kann. Seit Herbst 1994 wird an der Berufsgenossenschaft Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main dieses Verfahren eingesetzt. Bei bisher 465 operierten Patienten konnte in allen Fällen die präoperative Planung intraoperativ umgesetzt werden. Es kann davon ausgegangen werden, daß aufgrund eines wesentlich verbesserten Knochenkontaktes, bedingt durch die hohe Präzision beim Fräsvorgang und der dadurch erreichbaren hohen Primärstabilität ein besseres Anwachsverhalten durch den Knochen gegeben sein wird.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00003381
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