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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of citalopram, a synthetic serotonin uptake inhibitor, on indoleamine and catecholamine concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of freely moving rats (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 9 (1995), S. 111-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Citalopram ; serotonin ; cerebrospinal fluid ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied changes in the concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), other indoleamines, and catecholamines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of freely-moving rats that had been administered citalopram, ±1-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1, 3-dihydro-5-isobenzofurancarbonitrile hydrobromide), a selective inhibitor of 5-HT uptake. In a microdialysis experiment, the intracerebral extracellular free 5-HT increased significantly, peaking 60 to 90 min after citalopram (30 mg/kg p.o.) was administerd. The 5-HT concentrations in CSF from the cisterna magna increased significantly, reaching a maximum 6 hours after a single dose of citalopram (30 mg/kg p.o.) was given. Six hours after this dose, the CSF 5-HT concentration in the cisterna magna was significantly increased, and the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentration was significantly decreased. There were non-significant changes in the other indoleamines (tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, and kynurenine) and in the catecholamines (dopamine, homovanillic acid, normetanephrine, and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethyleneglycol). The 5-HT/tryptophan ratio was correlated significantly with the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio before treatment with citalopram (r=0.81, p=0.051), indicative that there is coordination of the serotonin and kynurenine pathways in normal rats. In the animals posttreatment there was no such correlation, suggesting that the changes in 5-HT are independent of the kynurenine system at least within the 6 hours postreatment. These CSF results appear to reflect selective inhibition of 5-HT uptake in brain tissues by citalopram that is not associated with changes in catecholamines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259653
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Congenital absence and aberrant course of the internal carotid artery (1996)
    Springer
    European radiology 6 (1996), S. 650-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Aberrant internal carotid artery ; Congenital absence of the internal carotid artery ; CT ; MRI ; MR angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We retrospectively reviewed the imaging features of an aberrant course of the internal carotid artery (ICA) in one patient and its unilateral absence in four. Absence of the ICA was initially detected by MRI and MR angiography in both patients who underwent these examinations. CT revealed an abnormal or absent carotid canal in all cases. Radiological diagnosis by MRI and MR angiography could play an important role in the diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187666
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute transverse myelitis caused by ECHO virus type 18 infection (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 378-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Acute transverse ; myelitis ; MRI ; ECHO virus ; type 18 ; Reverse transcriptase ; Polymerase chain reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 14-year-old boy developed acute quadriplegia, associated with sensory impairment and bowel and urinary dysfunction. MRI of the cervical cord showed diffuse increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images with gadolinium-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid enhancement. Based on the clinical presentation and MRI findings, the diagnosis of acute transverse myelitis was made. Enterovirus RNA was amplified from CSF by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Serum neutralizing antibody to ECHO virus type 18 rose from 1/4 on admission to 1/16 2 months later. Conclusion This is the first reported case of acute transverse myelitis caused by ECHO virus type 18 infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050308
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute transverse myelitis caused by ECHO virus type 18 infection (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 378-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Acute transverse myelitis ; MRI ; ECHO virus type 18 ; Reverse transcriptase ; Polymerase chain reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract a 14-year-old boy developed acute quadriplegia, associated with sensory impairment and bowel and urinary dysfunction. MRI of the cervical cord showed diffuse increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images with gadolinium-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid enhancement. Based on the clinical presentation and MRI findings, the diagnosis of acute transverse myelitis was made. Enterovirus RNA was amplified from CSF by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Serum neutralizing antibody to ECHO virus type 18 rose from 1/4 on admission to 1/16 2 months later. Conclusion This is the first reported case of acute transverse myelitis caused by ECHO virus type 18 infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02072107
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebrospinal fluid acetylcholine and choline in vascular dementia of Binswanger and multiple small infarct types as compared with Alzheimer-type dementia (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 103 (1996), S. 1211-1220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; choline ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Alzheimer-type dementia ; vascular dementia of the Binswanger type ; multi-infarct dementia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid were investigated in patients with vascular dementia of the Binswanger type (VDBT) or multiple small infarct type (MSID) as compared with patients with Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD). The ACh concentration in patients with ATD was found to be significantly lower than in controls (73%, p 〈 0.0001), and showed a significant positive correlation with dementia scale scores (rs=0.63, p 〈 0.03). The Ch concentration in the CSF of ATD patients was approximately the same as in controls. In VDBT/MSID patients, the ACh concentration was significantly lower than in controls (p 〈 0.001), also showing a significant positive correlation with dementia scale scores (rs=0.62, p 〈 0.02), but was significantly higher than in ATD patients (p 〈 0.001). Moreover, the Ch concentration in VDBT/MSID patients was significantly higher than in controls (p 〈 0.001) or ATD patients (p 〈 0.001). These results suggest that simultaneous determination of ACh and Ch concentrations in CSF may be useful for differentiating VDBT/MSID from ATD and that increasing the ACh level using cholinergic agents may be a beneficial therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ATD as well as VDBT/MSIT, and is worthy of further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01271206
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indoleamine concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer type and Binswanger type dementias before and after administration of citalopram, a synthetic serotonin uptake inhibitor (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 9 (1995), S. 121-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Alzheimer type dementia ; vascular dementia of the Binswanger type ; serotonin ; kynurenine ; citalopram ; cerebrospinal fluid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied changes in the concentrations of serotonin (5-HT), kynurenine, and other indoleamines in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer type dementia (ATD) and those with Binswanger type vascular dementia (VDBT), and changes in these indoleamine concentrations 2 weeks after administration of citalopram, a 5-HT uptake inhibitor. The concentrations of total 5-HT (p〈0.005) and kynurenine (p〈0.005) were significantly decreased in ATD patients in comparison to those of the controls. After citalopram administration, there was a remarkable increase in 5-HT concentration (249%, p〈0.0001) and a significant decrease in 5-HIAA concentration (22%, p〈0.02). In the VDBT patients, only 5-HT showed a significant decrease (p〈0.005) in comparison to the control values. It also increased significantly (214%) after citalopram administration. The 5-HT/tryptophan and kynurenine/tryptophan ratios were not correlated for the controls, but did significantly for the ATD and VDBT patients; after citalopram treatment, the increase in 5-HT/tryptophan was correlated significantly with that of kynurenine/tryptophan for ATD, but not for VDBT. These results suggest that both the serotonin and kynurenine pathways are impaired in ATD; whereas, the serotonin pathway alone is in VDBT, and that these impairments are ameliorated by the administration of citalopram.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259654
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscosity and density of liquid mixtures ofn-alkanes with squalane (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 16 (1995), S. 773-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: capillary viscometer ; density ; n-butane ; n-hexane ; squalane ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Viscosity and density measurements are reported for binary liquid mixtures ofn-butane andn-hexane with squalane in the temperature range from 273 to 333 K. The viscosity measurements have been carried out by using a capillary viscometer calibrated with standard liquids. that is. JS5, JSIO, JS20, and water. The uncertainty in the viscosity data was estimated to be ± 1.7%. The density needed for the calculation of the viscosity has been measured by using a glass pycnometer within an accuracy of ±0.04%. In the prediction of the viscosity, the scheme of Assael et al. fails for mixtures of this type differing greatly in size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01438862
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