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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Major capsid proteins of certain Vibrio and Aeromonas phages are homologous to the equivalent protein, gp23*, of coliphage T4 (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 144 (1999), S. 1647-1651 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  N-terminal amino acid sequences of major capsid proteins (Mcps) of three vibriophages (KVP20, KVP40 and nt-1), two aeromonad phages (Aeh 1 and 65) and coliphage T4 were compared. All these phages are morphologically similar, belonging to family Myoviridae and the vernacular genus name “T4-like phages”. A dendrogram constructed from homology data indicated that (i) the three vibriophages were closely related, (ii) the two aeromonad phages were also fairly related and (iii) these five phages were all distantly, but definitely, related to coliphage T4. These results suggest that Mcps of morphologically similar phages are highly conserved and may serve as a measure to assess the phylogenetic relationships among different phages of similar morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050618
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibriophage KVP40 and coliphage T4 genomes share a homologous 7-kbp region immediately upstream of the gene encoding the major capsid protein (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 144 (1999), S. 2007-2012 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Vibriophage KVP40, a large tailed DNA phage morphologically similar to T-even coliphages, has a major capsid protein (Mcp) homologous to the equivalent protein, gp23*, of coliphage T4. The sequence analysis was extended to a 7-kbp region immediately upstream of the mcp gene encoding the precursor of Mcp. The region as a whole was fairly homologous to the corresponding region of the T4 genome and contained 8 ORFs homologous to T4 genes 17, 18, 19, 20, 67, 68, 21, and 22 in the same order as in T4. These findings thus strongly suggest that these two phages are phylogenetically related.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050721
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for the role of the glomerulocyte in cellulose synthesis in the tunicate,Metandrocarpa uedai (1995)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 186 (1995), S. 24-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cellulose microfibril ; Electron diffraction ; Glomerulocyte ; Metandrocarpa uedai ; Tunic ; Vacuole-like structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The tunicate,Metandrocarpa uedai, contains a large quantity of cellulose; however, it is not known how and where the cellulose is synthesized. Based on evidence from electron diffraction and conventional thin-sectioning for electron microscopy, this study shows that the glomerulocyte is involved in the synthesis of cellulose. The bundles of microfibrils in the glomerulocyte as well as the tunic were identified as cellulose I using selected area electron diffraction analysis. The diffraction pattern of cellulose in the glomerulocyte was similar to that from the tunic, suggesting that the crystallization of cellulose already is initiated in the glomerulocyte. The diameter of cellulose microfibrils, both in the glomerulocyte and the tunic was the same, about 16 nm. These results suggest that the glomerulocyte is the most probable site for the synthesis of cellulose in the tunic ofM. uedai. Using thin-sectioning techniques, a series of observations showed that individual microfibrils are primarily assembled in structures tentatively identified as vacuole-like structures, then they are bundled by a tapering region within the vacuole-like structures. These bundles of microfibrils are deposited in a continuously circular arrangement. The microtubules are oriented parallel to the bundles of microfibrils at the tapering vacuole-like structure, and they may be involved in the tapering of these structures (perhaps controlling the shape). This study also provides the first account for the involvement of a vacuole-like structure in the synthesis of cellulose microfibrils among living organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276931
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New cellulose synthesizing complexes (terminal complexes) involved in animal cellulose biosynthesis in the tunicateMetandrocarpa uedai (1996)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 194 (1996), S. 151-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cellulose microfibril ; Freeze-fracture ; Terminal complex ; Tunic ; Tunicate ; Ascidian
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cellulose synthesizing enzyme complexes (terminal complexes, TCs) have been found in the plasma membrane of epidermal cells in the tunicateMetandrocarpa uedai by using freeze-fracture replication techniques for electron microscopy. Assembly of cellulose microfibrils by TCs is a universal phenomenon in the biological kingdoms. The TCs are locally distributed in the plasma membrane of the epidermal cells facing the tunic, and no TCs are observed on the lateral membranes bordered by tight junctions. The TCs consist of two types of membrane subunits: large particles (14.5 nm in diameter) on the periphery and small subunit particles (7.2 nm) filling the center; the latter are hypothesized to be involved in cellulose synthesis. The TCs are the linear type (ca. 195 nm in length and 78 nm in width). Direct connections of TCs with the termini of microfibrils were observed. Amorphous regions, which were hypothesized the nascent microfibrils, were associated with the depressions of the TCs. The distortion of microfibrils on their terminus indicates that the crystallization may occur at the margin of TCs from which the microfibrils are discharged. This report provides evidence that: (1) The outer cell membrane of epidermis is the site for the assembly of cellulose microfibrils in the tunic; (2) a new type of TC is involved in the biosynthesis of cellulose microfibrils in the tunicates; (3) disorganized glucan chains may be synthesized in the depression of TCs and crystallized outside the E-surface of the epidermal cell membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01882023
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution electron microscopy on ultrathin sections of cellulose microfibrils generated by glomerulocytes inPolyzoa vesiculiphora (1998)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 203 (1998), S. 84-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cellulose microfibril ; Cross-sectional shape ; Lattice image ; Lattice orientation ; Glomerulocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Glomerulocyte cellulosic bundles ofPolyzoa vesiculiphora were investigated by microdiffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy. In each bundle, hundreds of cellulose microfibrils, having a rectangular cross-sectional shape, are packed regularly with their 0.6 nm lattice planes parallel to each other. Lattice images reveal that the 0.6 nm plane is parallel to the longer edge of the cross section which is similar to the lattice organization of cellulose with a squarish cross section inValonia spp. More interestingly, all the microfibrils in a bundle have the same directionality of crystallographic c-axis, which suggests that the biosynthesis of the microfibrils within particular bundle occurs unidirectionally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01280590
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new cellulosic structure, the tunic cord in the ascidianPolyandrocarpa misakiensis (1998)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 204 (1998), S. 94-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Ascidian ; Cellulose microfibril ; Hemocoel ; Polyandrocarpa misakiensis ; Tunic cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A specialized structure of tunic cord inPolyandrocarpa misakiensis is investigated by electron microscopy. The tunic cord is a cord-like coiled structure of 5–30 μm in diameter and 0.1–9.0 mm in length. The tunic cords originate and elongate from the dorsal tunic, and their termini have a swollen and ornamented structure. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs and the electron diffractogram show that the tunic cords are composed of bundled microfibrils of cellulose I with high crystallinity. The tunic cord is completely surrounded by single-layered epidermal cells, which have been found as the site of cellulose biosynthesis. A number of tunic cords are connected to the internal tunic of the siphon by forming “eyelet” structures at their termini. These observations suggest that the tunic cords act as a connector between dorsal and internal tunic of the siphon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282297
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple high intensity lesions considered as “état criblé” (1996)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 15 (1996), S. 219-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02230350
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical and molecular analysis of an X-linked case of Leigh syndrome associated with thiamin-responsive pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease 20 (1997), S. 539-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report molecular analysis of thiamin-responsive pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) deficiency in a patient with an X-linked form of Leigh syndrome. PDHC activity in cultured lymphoblastoid cells of this patient and his asymptomatic mother were normal in the presence of a high thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) concentration (0.4 mmol/L). However, in the presence of a low concentration (1 X 10-4 mmol/L) of TPP, the activity was significantly decreased, indicating that PDHC deficiency in this patient was due to decreased affinity of PDHC for TPP. The patient's older brother also was diagnosed as PDHC deficiency with Leigh syndrome, suggesting that PDHC deficiency in these two brothers was not a de novo mutation. Sequencing of the X-linked PDHC E1 α subunit revealed a C → G point mutation at nucleotide 787, resulting in a substitution of glycine for arginine 263. Restriction enzyme analysis of the E1α gene revealed that the mother was a heterozygote, indicating that thiamin-responsive PDHC deficiency associated with Leigh syndrome due to this mutation is transmitted by X-linked inheritance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005305614374
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural developments during heating in LiNbO3 precursors synthesized by the sol-gel method (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 1993-1998 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract LiNbO3 precursor gels with a variety of molecular structures were prepared by the sol-gel method by changing the amount of added water and other conditions of synthesis. The molecular structures, as well as the thermal behaviour of the amorphous precursors, were studied by Raman spectroscopic analysis and differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry in order to determine the influence of the structures on the resulting LiNbO3 formation. The crystallization to LiNbO3 by the combustion heat of the residual unhydrolysed alkyls was observed at ∼ 300 °C for the homogeneous precursors prepared from a double alkoxide (LiNb(OC2H5)6) without added water, but the LiNbO3 formed had low crystallinity. When using the hydrolysed double alkoxide, the synthesized precursors transformed to LiNbO3 at ∼ 480 °C after the structural relaxation. This temperature can be assigned to the real crystallization point. Indeed the unhydrolysed double alkoxide is necessary to prepare the high-quality LiNbO3 films, and heat treatment above ∼ 500°C is required to obtain good crystallinity. Even for the inhomogeneous precursors prepared from LiOC2H5 and NbO(C2H5)5, lithium ion diffusion and the structural relaxation occur, to form the uniform molecular structures from 300–400 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353024
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stochastic analysis on crack path of polycrystalline ceramics based on the difference between the released energies in crack propagation (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 2341-2346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The crack path of polycrystalline ceramics has been theoretically analysed with a stochastic model based on the difference between the released energies in intergranular and transgranular crack propagation. Assuming that the path with the lowest released energy should be realized as the actual crack path, the expected values of the fraction of transgranular fracture on fracture surface and the fracture toughness of polycrystalline ceramics were formulated as functions of grain size and the critical energy release rates of grain and grain boundary. By comparison between the theory and the experimental results it was shown that the stochastic model proposed here expressed the change of the crack path and the fracture toughness of polycrystalline Al2O3, relative to grain size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018588620081
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