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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 762 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion In contrast to its preserved stimulatory effect on lipolysis epinephrine failed to enhance hepatic glucose production in cirrhotic patients. Since this blunted response was not related to changes of ß-adrenoreceptors our findings suggest that epinephrine resistance in cirrhosis was due to a postreceptor defect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Colonamyloidose ; Chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankung ; Ischämische Colitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einem 56jährigen Patienten wird 1/97 die Erstdiagnose einer chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankung des Kolons gestellt, die am ehesten einem Morbus Crohn entspricht. Sechs Monate später wird histologisch eine massive Colonamyloidose beschrieben, die retrospektiv bereits bei der Erstmanifestation der Erkrankung vorlag. Weitere Organbeteiligungen können nicht nachgewiesen werden können. Die immunhistochemischen Untersuchungen schließen eine AA-Amyloidose aus. Vermutlich liegt eine Leichtkettenamyloidose vor. Unter Therapie mit 5-ASA befindet sich der Patient seit über einem Jahr in klinischer Remission. Die Amyloidablagerungen persistieren, dagegen findet sich weiterhin kein Anhalt für eine Beteiligung anderer Organsysteme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Key words Crohns' disease • MRI in Crohns' disease • Enteroclysis • MRI ; Schlüsselwörter M. Crohn • MRT bei M. Crohn • Enteroklyse • MRT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Trotz der Verbesserung der MR-tomographischen Diagnostik wird die MRT weiterhin nur selten in der Routinediagnostik bei entzündlichen Dünndarmerkrankungen eingesetzt. Ziel der Untersuchung war die Korrelation der Befunde von Enteroklyse und MRT bei Patienten mit bekanntem M. Crohn nach Optimierung der Darmkontrastierung. Ferner wurde untersucht, ob die MRT Zusatzinformationen zur Enteroklyse liefern kann. 60 Patienten im Alter von 17–72 Jahren wurden untersucht. Zunächst wurde eine Enteroklyse in konventioneller Technik durchgeführt, wobei der Methylzellulose in einer Mischung von 1:10 positives orales MR-Kontrastmittel (Magnevist enteral) zugesetzt wurde. Nach Abschluß der Enteroklyse erfolgte die MRT unter Verwendung T1- und T2-gewichteter Sequenzen (Flash 2D vor und nach i. v. Gd-DTPA bzw. TSE) in Atemanhaltetechnik in koronarer und axialer Schnittführung. Die in der Enteroklyse nachweisbaren Schleimhautveränderungen und Stenosenlänge entsprachen einer nachweisbaren Darmwandverdickung bzw. Stenose in der MRT. Mit der MRT konnten bei 28 Patienten Zusatzbefunde wie Fisteln, Abszesse oder Hydronephrosen diagnostiziert werden, oder die Stenose war wegen der überlagerungsfreien Darstellung in der MRT besser beurteilbar als mittels Enteroklyse. Mit der MRT kann ein wesentlicher Beitrag in der Diagnostik von entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen geleistet werden. Grundvoraussetzung scheint vor allem ein hohes Füllungsvolumen des Dünndarmes zu sein, um eine homogene Kontrastierung und gute Distension zu erreichen.
    Notes: Summary In spite of the improved MR-diagnosis of the abdomen, MRI is not used as a routine method for the diagnosis of inflammatory small bowel disease. The aim of this study was – after optimazation of the bowel opacification – the correlation of the findings obtained with enteroclysis and MRI in patients with known Crohns' disease. 60 patients beween 17 and 72 years of age were investigated. First, an enteroclysis was performed in typical manner. The applicated methylcellulosis was blended with positive oral MR contrast media (Magnevist oral, Schering). After enteroclysis, MRI of the abdomen was performed using T1- and T2-weighted breathhold sequences (Flash 2D pre- and postcontrast and TSE) in axial and coronal planes. The lenght of the affected bowel and the stenosis seen with enteroclysis correlated well with the visible thickening of the small bowel wall and the stenosis seen in MRI. Using MRI, additional findings could be obtained in 28 patients, such as fistulas, abscesses or a hydronephrosis, or a better assessment of the stenosis was possible with MRI, because of the avoidance of overshadowing of the affected bowel loop with MRI. A brilliant MR-tomographic imaging of the small bowel is possible under the condition, that the small bowel contrast is optimal. The main prerequisite is a large filling volume of the small bowel to reach a homogeneous contrast and a good distension of the small bowel lumen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 10 (1999), S. 46-50 
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: adhesion ; angiogenesis ; E-cadherin ; integrin ; invasion ; metalloproteinases ; pancreatic cancer ; urokinase plasminogen activator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Understanding the molecular mechanisms of invasion and metastasis is crucial for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat metastases. Considerable studies revealed that the establishment of metastasis is the final outcome of a series of processes such as tumor growth, angiogenesis, tumor cell detachment and invasion of extracellular matrix. Each step of this multistep process is essential for tumor cell survival and establishment of secondary lesions and is regulated by interactions of tumor cells with host microenvironment. This review is focused on the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of this processes. The central role of adhesion molecules and ECM degrading proteinases in disruption of cell-cell and cell-ECM associations as well as degradation of extracellular matrix and basement membranes is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chromosomal aberrations ; gene expression ; oncogenes ; pancreatic cancer ; tumor suppressor genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aim: The present review summarizes our strategies aimed at identifying and characterizing genetic alterations occuring at the transcriptional and chromosomal level in pancreatic cancer. Methods: To study transcriptional alterations we have used a number of techniques including modified versions of differential hybridizations and cDNA-RDA (representational difference analysis). Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to study chromosomal aberrations occuring in pancreatic cancer tissues. Results: The study of transcriptional alterations led to the identification of more than 500 genes with differential expression in pancreatic cancer. The sum of these alterations represented the first expression profile characteristic for pancreatic tumors. The CGH analysis allowed the identification of a number of chromosomal regions containing putative tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. These regions are presently being characterized at the molecular level. In a first approach the myb-oncogene was identified as the relevant oncogene of an amplification on 6q occurring in up to 10% of pancreatic cancer patients. Conclusions: Genes isolated in both approaches represent potential new disease genes for pancreatic cancer and are at present being characterized by individual or serial analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Amisulpride ; Flupentixol ; Schizophrenia ; Antipsychotic efficacy ; Extrapyramidal tolerability ; Atypical neuroleptic ; Dopamine ; Selective D2-like antagonism ; Mixed D1-/D2-like antagonism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The benzamide amisulpride (ASP) is a selective D2-like dopamine antagonist, while flupentixol (FPX), a thioxanthene, blocks D2-like, D1-like and 5-HT2 receptors. To evaluate efficacy and safety of ASP and to investigate the importance of an additional D1-like antagonism for antipsychotic effects and extrapyramidal tolerability, a randomized double-blind multi-center study versus FPX as reference drug was performed for 6 weeks in 132 patients suffering from acute schizophrenia (DSM-III-R) with predominant positive symptomatology. Doses were initially fixed (ASP: 1000 mg/day; FPX: 25 mg/day) but could be reduced by 40% in case of side effects (mean daily doses: ASP: 956 mg; FPX: 22.6 mg). Intention-to-treat evaluation demonstrated significant improvement under both medications. The difference between the mean BPRS decreases of both treatment groups was 5.6 points (95% CI: 0.55; 10.65) in favour of ASP. According to CGI, 62% of patients in either drug group were treatment responders. ANCOVA analysis showed that reductions of BPRS (ASP: −42%; FPX: −32%) and SAPS (ASP: −78%; FPX: −65%) were more pronounced under ASP. Due to adverse events, significantly fewer ASP patients (6%) were withdrawn from the study (FPX: 18%). Extrapyramidal tolerability was better in the ASP group, as demonstrated by smaller increases in the Simpson-Angus Scale, the AIMS, and the Barnes Akathisia Scale in ANCOVA analyses with dosage as covariate. ASP appears to be as effective as FPX with regard to antipsychotic effects on positive schizophrenic symptomatology, while extrapyramidal tolerability is better. These conclusions have to be drawn cautiously, as dosage effects on outcome parameters cannot be entirely ruled out. The present results question the notion that additional blockade of D1-like receptors may be necessary to achieve sufficient antipsychotic effects or to improve extrapyramidal tolerability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 42 (1997), S. 720-723 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: BAROSTAT ; NONULCER DYSPEPSIA ; VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY ; H. PYLORI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Visceral hypersensitivity is claimed to beinvolved in the pathogenesis of nonulcer dyspepsia(NUD). We evaluated whether gastric hypersensitivity isa consistent finding in an unselected group of NUDpatients. In 11 patients and 20 healthy controls, astandardized gastric distension was performed using agastric barostat. Perception was scored by aquestionnaire and compared between the two groups. Therewas a linear pressure/volume relationship duringgastric distension in both groups. The pain threshold inNUD patients was significantly lower compared tocontrols [5.5 ± 4.0 mm Hg above minimaldistending pressure (mdp) and 10.2 ± 2.2 mm Hg above mdp,respectively, P 〈 0.004], irrespective of the H.pylori status. However, more than 50% of the NUDperception scores were in the control range at mostdistension levels. Gastric hypersensitivity could be confirmed inNUD patients as a group. However, there is aconsiderable overlap concerning perception in responseto distension between unselected NUD patients andcontrols.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 43 (1998), S. 1285-1291 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: EPIDEMIOLOGY ; GALLSTONES ; HEREDITY ; OBESITY ; PREGNANCY ; SONOGRAPHY
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Ulm Gallbladder Stone Study is the first ultrasound-based epidemiologic survey of cholecystolithiasis in the former West Germany. A study population of 1116 blood donors (656 men, age 38.0 ± 12.0 years; 460 women, age 34.1 ± 11.2 years) at the Central Blood Bank of the German Red Cross in Ulm was examined between April 1994 and February 1995. Based on age, subjects were assigned to one of four groups (18-30, 31-40, 41-50, and 51-65 years). Following a structured interview of each study subject, an ultrasound examination was carried out and a blood sample obtained for laboratory study. Overall, 6.0% (95% (95% CI: 4.8%-7.6%) of all study subjects (5.8% of the men and 6.3% of the women) exhibited evidence of current or past gallbladder disease (cholelithiasis or history of cholecystectomy). The prevalence of gallbladder disease correlated positively with age, reaching a maximum of 13.7% (9.5-20.0) in the 51- to 65-year-old age group, and also correlated as with body mass index (BMI). Female subjects with previous full-term pregnancies showed a higher prevalence of cholelithiasis, but this difference was not statistically significant for age-adjusted analysis. Subjects with a family history of cholelithiasis were found to suffer from gallstones in 11.5% (8.0-16.7) of cases compared with 4.6% (3.4%-6.3%) of subjects without such family history. Autopsy studies conducted in Germany have shown the prevalence of gallstones to be about 13.1% in men and 33.8% in women. Our sonographic data are relatively low in comparison. This may be due, in part, to the specific selection characteristics inherent in retrospective autopsy studies, such as age distribution and the presence of other pathologic factors associated with increased risk for cholelithiasis. The Ulm data rank in the lower third of the prevalence range reported for European sonographic studies to date. Age, positive family history, and increased BMI all correlated positively with the prevalence of gallbladder disease (P 〈 0.05). For the study population as a whole, there was no gender-specific increased risk for the development of gallstones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: gallbladder function ; extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy ; stone clearance ; gallbladder CT ; Hounsfield units ; prognostic factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a prospective study, we investigated the effect of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) on gallbladder contractility and on fasting and residual gallbladder volume in patients with solitary and multiple gallbladder stones with stone densities〈100 Hounsfield units (HU) and adequate gallbladder function. Twenty-five patients (seven males and 18 females, mean age 48.5±11.7 years) treated with ESWL were assigned to either group I, consisting of 13 patients with solitary stones〈20 mm diameter, or group II, including patients with two to three stones and maximum stone diameter of 30 mm. ESWL was performed with the MPL 9000 lithotripter. Gallbladder ejection fraction was determined using the method of Dodds after a 12-hr fast and following application of a standard stimulative meal. Gallbladder volume was measured by ultrasound over 90 min at 10-min intervals before ESWL, then at 1, 30, 120, and 210 days after ESWL. At 24 hr after ESWL, residual gallbladder volume increased in group I from 7.4 ml to 13.9 ml (P=0.0567) and in group II from 6.5 ml to 20.2 ml (P=0.0076). Thereafter, residual volumes returned to pre-ESWL levels. In group II, post-ESWL fasting volumes were significantly increased over initial values at all time intervals. Correspondingly, only at 24 hr after ESWL, ejection fractions decreased from 73.1% to 64.9% in group I and from 76.5% to 62.7% in group II. No statistically significant differences in gallbladder contractility between the two groups were observed at any point of the follow-up period. ESWL exerts a no more than transient effect on gallbladder motility, regardless of stone count prior to ESWL. We postulate that changes in residual gallbladder volume and reductions in ejection fraction may be due to transitory disturbances in the gallbladder epithelium and resultant gallbladder wall edema.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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