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  • 1995-1999  (5)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature and concentration profiles in a low pressure methane process plasma (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 1297-1302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) is applied to a microwave (2.45 GHz) excited plasma used for plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The applicability of CARS to low pressure (2 Pa) plasmas is verified, and the absence of saturation is carefully checked. Ground state concentration profiles as well as rotational temperatures of CH4 are presented with high spatial and temporal resolution. The measurements show a decrease of the CH4 ground state density under the influence of the plasma down to ≈25% (nCH4=1.0×1020 m−3) of its initial value. The rotational temperature is nearby room temperature across the total discharge volume. A straightforward modeling of the plasma explains the decrease of CH4 ground state densities as an effect of electron collisions and delivers an approximate value of the electron temperature of about 3 eV. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360371
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resonance enhanced coherent anti-stokes raman scattering and laser induced fluorescence applied to CH radicals: a comparative study (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 64 (1996), S. 111-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS:33.50D; 42.65C; 81.15H
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Resonance enhanced CARS and LIF have been applied to the CH radicals in a microwave excited Ar/H $_2$ /CH $_4$ plasma ( $p = 21$ Pa, $P_{\rm Mikro} = 2.7$ kW). Both techniques yield similar nonthermal rotational population distributions of CH(X $^2\Pi_r$ ) in its vibrational ground state ( $v=0$ ), which can be described by two rotational temperatures, $T_{\rm rot,1} \approx 600$ K being in the order of the gas temperature for rotational states with $N \le 7$ , and a considerably higher $T_{\rm rot,2}$ for the higher rotational states. This result is in good agreement with previous resonance CARS and LIF measurements in similar plasmas. With resonance CARS additional measurements on CH in the $v=1$ state could be performed yielding a vibrational temperature of 2440 K, the total CH density was about $1.6 \times 10^{18}$ m $^{-3}$ . The detection limits of both techniques are determined, in our case about $2 \times 10^8$ CH radicals per quantum state in the detection volume, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400050153
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distinct spectrum of CFTR gene mutations in congenital absence of vas deferens (1997)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 100 (1997), S. 365-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) is a frequent cause for obstructive azoospermia and accounts for 1%–2% of male infertility. A high incidence of mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene has recently been reported in males with CAVD. We have investigated a cohort of 106 German patients with congenital bilateral or unilateral absence of the vas deferens for mutations in the coding region, flanking intron regions and promotor sequences of the CFTR gene. Of the CAVD patients, 75% carried CFTR mutations or disease-associated CFTR variants, such as the “5T” allele, on both chromosomes. The distribution of mutation genotypes clearly differed from that observed in cystic fibrosis. None of the CAVD patients was homozygous for ΔF508 and none was compound heterozygous for ΔF508 and a nonsense or frameshift mutation. Instead, homozygosity was found for a few mild missense or splicing mutations, and the majority of CAVD mutations were missense substitutions. Twenty-one German CAVD patients were compound heterozygous for ΔF508 and R117H, which was the most frequent CAVD genotype in our study group. Haplotype analysis indicated a common origin for R117H in our population, whereas another frequent CAVD mutation, viz. the “5T allele” was a recurrent mutation on different intragenic haplotypes and multiple ethnic backgrounds. We identified a total of 46 different mutations and variants, of which 15 mutations have not previously been reported. Thirteen novel missense mutations and one unique amino-acid insertion may be confined to the CAVD phenotype. A few splice or missense variants, such as F508C or 1716 G→A, are proposed here as possible candidate CAVD mutations with an apparently reduced penetrance. Clinical examination of patients with CFTR mutations on both chromosomes revealed elevated sweat chloride concentrations and discrete symptoms of respiratory disease in a subset of patients. Thus, our collaborative study shows that CAVD without renal malformation is a primary genital form of cystic fibrosis in the vast majority of German patients and links the particular expression of clinical symptoms in CAVD with a distinct subset of CFTR mutation genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050518
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geographic distribution and origin of CFTR mutations in Germany (1996)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 97 (1996), S. 727-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The geographic distribution and origin of CFTR mutations in Germany was evaluated in 658 three-generation families with cystic fibrosis (CF). Fifty different mutations were detected on 1305 parental CF chromosomes from 22 European countries and overseas. The major mutation ΔF508 was identified on 71.5% of all CF chromosomes, followed by R553X (1.8%), N1303K (1.3%), G542X (1.1%), G551D (0.8%) and R347P (0.8%). According to the grandparents’ birthplace, 74% of CF chromosomes had their origin in Germany; the ΔF508 percentage was 77%, 75%, 70% and 62% in northern, southern, western and eastern Germany, respectively. Ten or more mutant alleles in the investigated CF gene pool originated from Austria, the Czech Republic, Poland, Russia, Turkey and the Ukraine. This widespread geographic origin of CFTR mutations in today’s Germany reflects the many demographic changes and migrations in Central Europe during the 20th century.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050128
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geographic distribution and origin of CFTR mutations in Germany (1996)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 97 (1996), S. 727-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The geographic distribution and origin of CFTR mutations in Germany was evaluated in 658 three-generation families with cystic fibrosis (CF). Fifty different mutations were detected on 1305 parental CF chromosomes from 22 European countries and overseas. The major mutation ΔF508 was identified on 71.5% of all CF chromosomes, followed by R553X (1.8%), N1303K (1.3%), G542X (1.1%), G551D (0.8%) and R347P (0.8%). According to the grandparents' birthplace, 74% of CF chromosomes had their origin in Germany; the ΔF508 percentage was 77%, 75%, 70% and 62% in northern, southern, western and eastern Germany, respectively. Ten or more mutant alleles in the investigated CF gene pool originated from Austria, the Czech Republic, Poland, Russia, Turkey and the Ukraine. This widespread geographic origin of CFTR mutations in today's Germany reflects the many demographic changes and migrations in Central Europe during the 20th century.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02346181
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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