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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nondestructive evaluation of Terfenol-D for transducer applications : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 5716-5718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A method and techniques have been developed for the nondestructive evaluation of grain oriented highly magnetostrictive rare-earth compounds, such as Terfenol-D, for use in actuator construction. Detection of an asymmetric flux distribution and localized fluctuations in ac permeability have been correlated with gradients in chemical composition and departures from the ideal grain structure produced by free float or contained zone preparation techniques. The data provide valuable information to gauge material quality, the response of individual samples to applied stress, and the reproducibility of transducer properties from one sample to another. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364647
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-3 in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid inhibit stimulation by IGF-I of articular chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis (1997)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 17 (1997), S. 29-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Key words Insulin-like growth factors ; Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Articular cartilage ; Proteoglycans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to quantify insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the synovial fluid (SF) and plasma of patients with rheumatic diseases and to study the role of these proteins in the regulation of cartilage proteoglycan (PG) synthesis. Immunological determination of IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGF-I, IGF-II, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis fac-tor α (TNFα) was undertaken in the SF and plasma of 115 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; n = 53), osteoarthritis (OA; n = 44) and other rheumatic disorders. We also determined the effects of SF on bovine cartilage PG synthesis in culture. IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 were elevated in the plasma (by 38% and 28%, respectively) and SF (by 56% and 59%, respectively) of patients with RA compared to age- and sex-matched OA controls (determined by RIA and confirmed by Western ligand blot). IGF-I and IGF-II did not differ significantly between the two groups. OA SF, and, to a lesser extent, RA SF stimulated cartilage PG synthesis in culture, and more than 60% of this activity was neutralised by a specific monoclonal anti-IGF-I antibody. Human IGFBP-3 dose-dependently inhibited the stimulation of cartilage PG synthesis effected by SF or human IGF-I. In RA patients, the SF concentration of IGFBP-3 was positively correlated with SF levels of IL-1β and TNFα, with the serum level of C-reactive protein and with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. We concluded that IGF-I is, under the conditions studied, the most important anabolic factor in human SF with respect to articular cartilage PG synthesis. The bioactivity of IGF-I in joints is modulated by IGFBP-3, which is elevated in RA SF compared to OA SF. Elevated IGFBP-3 in RA SF may reduce the availability of IGF-I to articular chondrocytes, thus interfering with cartilage PG synthesis in RA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006847
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterotopic ossification of five large joints in a patient who had undergone lung transplantation and 72 days of artificial ventilation (1997)
    Springer
    Der Unfallchirurg 100 (1997), S. 839-844 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Key words Heterotopic ossification • Ectopic bone formation • Prophylaxis • Therapy • Arthrolysis ; Schlüsselwörter Heterotope Ossifikationen • Arthrolyse • Gelenkeinsteifung • Prophylaxe • Therapie • Myositis ossificans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über eine 37-jährige Patientin, bei der es nach einer Intensivtherapie von insgesamt 105 Tagen mit 72 Tagen Beatmung zu heterotopen Ossifikationen an 5 großen Körpergelenken mit beinahe kompletter Einsteifung kam. Anlaß der Intensivtherapie war eine Doppellungentransplantation bei schwerer pulmonaler Hypertonie. Durch Resektion der Ossifikationen im Bereich der rechten Schulter und des gleichseitigen Ellenbogens sowie beider Hüftgelenke konnte eine Wiederherstellung der Beweglichkeit erreicht werden. Auch im postoperativen Verlauf von nunmehr 22 Monaten ist die Patientin durch die chirurgischen Maßnahmen weiterhin in ihrer Beweglichkeit so gebessert, daß sie ihren Alltag selbständig verrichten kann. Heterotope Ossifikationen sind häufig und treten insbesondere posttraumatisch, nach Verletzungen des Rückenmarks, nach SHT, bei Intoxikationen und im Langzeitkoma auf. Obwohl der exakte Pathomechanismus bislang unbekannt ist, wird eine Transformation von Mesenchymzellen zu Osteoblasten und Chondroblasten angenommen, welche dann die Knochenneubildung bedingen. Die Diagnose wird mit Hilfe der bildgebenden Verfahren gestellt. Therapeutisch ist lediglich die chirurgische Resektion erfolgversprechend. Prophylaktisch kann eine medikamentöse Behandlung mittels nichtsteroidaler Antiphlogistika (NSAIDs), eine Bestrahlung oder eine Kombination beider Verfahren durchgeführt werden.
    Notes: Summary A 37-year-old woman had intensive care for 105 days and artificial ventilation for 72 days because of a lung transplantation and multiple postoperative complications. She developed severe heterotopic ossification of both shoulders, the right elbow and both hip joints. Owing to complete joint stiffness, she was immobilized and unable to eat or drink without help. Operative treatment was performed in two procedures. The right shoulder and right elbow were operated on first; the right hip and later the left hip were operated on after recovery from the previous surgical procedures. After 22 months, there was a good functional result; the patient took part in all activities of daily life and was pain-free. The present knowledge on heterotopic ossifications is summarized, as well as possible prophylactic measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001130050201
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of articular cartilage-like tissue in vitro (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 117 (1998), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Defects in mature articular cartilage do not heal without residues, and therefore they remain a challenging problem in orthopaedic surgery. Modern tissue culture techniques facilitate the synthesis of cartilage-like tissue. A requirement of retaining the phenotypic characteristics of chondrocytes in vitro is the use of three-dimensional culture techniques. Articular chondrocytes of adult rabbits were isolated and cultured on different transplantable media for several weeks. A resorbable fleece, a non-absorbable net and lyophilized dura were used. Viability was tested by immunohistochemical techniques. Deposition of extracellular matrix could be observed by electron microscopy. The phenotypical and morphological appearance of cultured chondrocytes was preserved on the resorbable polymer fleece and the lyophilized dura. Cells cultured on the non-absorbable net had a more fibroblastic appearance. The resorbable fleece is apparently most suitable in terms of viability of the cultured chondrocytes and biocompatibility. The cultured three-dimensional artificial cartilage constructs reveal a future possibility for autologous cartilage transplantation into mature cartilage defects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004020050214
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wasserdurchlässigkeit von Beatmungsfiltern (1995)
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 44 (1995), S. 581-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Beatmungsfilter ; Wärme-Feuchtigkeitstauscher ; Low-Flow- ; Minimal-Flow-Anästhesie ; Wasserkondensation im Atemsystem ; Durchatemwiderstand eines Atemsystems ; Key words Breathing filter ; Heat and moisture exchanger ; Low-flow ; minimal-flow anaesthesia ; Condensation ; Resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Breathing filters or heat and moisture exchangers (HME), which are placed between a tracheal tube and the Y-piece, allow reuse of breathing tubes without changing between operations. During low-flow and minimal-flow anaesthesia, condensed water accumulates in the breathing circuit. An evaluation of the volume of condensed water is given (Fig. 1). It may be possible that water flows onto the filter surface, for example, when the breathing tubes are lifted. The water permeability of such breathing filters and HME was tested. For the experiments, a commercial breathing circuit and ventilator (Dräger Sulla 808+Ventilog) and patient model (Fig. 2) were used; 12 breathing filters/HMEs of different manufacturers were tested. Only 3 filters were not permeable to the test volume of 20 ml water. The authors suggest the water volume be checked routinely and the breathing tubes be emptied if necessary.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei Low-Flow- und Minimal-Flow-Anästhesie reichert sich Kondenswasser im Atemsystem an. Über die Höhe der anfallenden Wassermenge wird eine Abschätzung angegeben. Beim Einsatz patientennaher Beatmungsfilter oder Wärme-/Feuchtigkeitstauscher (Heat and Moisture Exchanger HME) zwischen Y-Stück und Tubus werden die Atemschläuche nicht notwendigerweise nach jedem Patienten gewechselt. Untersucht wird, was mit dem Kondenswasser während der Narkosebeatmung geschehen kann, wenn dieses z.B. durch Anheben der Atemschläuche auf die Filteroberfläche gelangt. Beschrieben wird eine Versuchsanordnung – bestehend aus einem Narkosegerät Sulla 808, Atemsystem und Patientensimulationsmodell – in dem die zu untersuchenden Filter betrieben werden. Insgesamt wurden 12 Beatmungsfilter/HME verschiedener Hersteller untersucht. Nur drei Filter stellen eine Barriere für die im Versuch verwendete Wassermenge von 20 ml dar. Empfohlen wird, bei Low-Flow- und Minimal-Flow-Anästhesie den Wasseranfall im Atemsystem, der größer als 20 ml sein kann, regelmäßig zu überwachen und gegebenenfalls aus den Atemschläuchen zu entfernen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001010050192
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association between degree of bone-erosion and synovial fluid-levels of tumor necrosis factor α in the knee-joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. 217-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Tumour necrosis factor ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Bone erosions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To determine whether concentrations of cytokines and matrix-degrading enzymes in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis are associated with the degree of bone-destruction in the same joint. Methods Determination of Interleukin-1α, IL-1β, IL-1-receptor-antagonist, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factorα (by ELISA), collagenase-activity and caseinase-activity (by substrate-assays) in the SF (knee) of patients with RA (n42) or OA (n35). The degree of bone-destruction was assessed radiographically. Results SF cytokine- and enzyme-levels were higher in patients with RA than in those with OA. In the RA group, SF-levels of TNFα were positively correlated with the degree of bone destruction of the respective joint. No correlation was found between radiographically assessed joint changes and SF-concentrations of other cytokines, enzyme activities, serum CRP, or duration of disease. In the OA-group, none of the examined parameters was associated with the degree of joint destruction. Conclusions Our data may support the assumption of TNFα playing an important role in joint destruction in RA. Possible alternative conclusions are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782262
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of polymers in PEFC-electrodes with EDX and XPS (1999)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 365 (1999), S. 123-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) preferably Nafion® (Du Pont) is used as electrolyte material. The electrodes contain polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as organic binder and the electrolyte Nafion® as additive to enlarge the three phase boundary zone. Since Nafion® is chemically related closely to PTFE, using surface analytical methods the two polymers can only be distinguished by the sulfonic acid groups in Nafion®. XPS measurements give information about the chemical composition of the electrode surface. By electron microscopy and EDX analysis it is possible to image the surface structure and to determine the local elements distribution, but hereby the distinction of the different polymers is a problem. In EDX spectra the sulfur peak induced from the sulfonic acid in the Nafion® is overlayed by a platinum peak from the catalyst component in the electrodes. Consequently, the distribution of the pure Nafion® cannot be determined by EDX. To make Nafion® distinguishable from PTFE and platinum the Nafion® in the electrode has to be marked, e.g. by exchange of the conducting protons in Nafion® by alkali ions like sodium. After having marked Nafion® its spatial distribution in fuel cell electrodes can be determined by EDX mapping of fluorine and sodium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051457
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    XPS analysis of electrochemically oxidized nickel surfaces (1999)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 365 (1999), S. 154-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Nickel, commonly used in electrochemical systems like batteries, fuel cells or as catalyst in alkaline water electrolysis can occur in different oxidation states. With surface analytical methods like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), it is possible to determine the oxidation state of metals. The application of this method requires that the sample is in an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV)-system. Therefore in-situ XPS-measurements of electrochemically oxidized samples are not possible. To avoid transfer through atmosphere one has to mount an electrochemical cell directly into a surface analytical system. By means of such an unit, nickel was polarized in potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) at different potentials. After that the different oxidation states were examined with XPS. The interpretation of these experiments is complicated because water is adsorbed after the electrochemical preparation. This can cause an additional surface layer. Ion-beam etching will not only remove this additional surface layer, it also changes the electrochemically prepared layer beyond. Comparing an electrochemically prepared single crystal with polycrystalline samples shows that the electrochemically prepared oxide layer is more clearly visible on the single crystal than on the polycrystalline material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051463
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potassium and oxygen diffusion and segregation in nickel (1999)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 365 (1999), S. 178-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Nickel is used as catalyst in alkaline electrochemical systems like batteries, electrolyzers and fuel cells. Adsorption experiments from potassium on a thin NiO(100) epitactic layer on an Ag(100)-single crystal substrate showed that potassium intrudes in that NiO-layer where at a temperature of 350 K a mixed oxide phase was built. At 120 K metallic potassium was adsorbed on the NiO surface. A symmetric K2p-peak showed that potassium is in the oxidized state compared to the asymmetric peak of metallic potassium. No potassium diffused into metallic nickel at a temperature of 450 K. The electrochemically oxidized surface layer consisted of nickel, oxygen and also potassium. After heating and ion-etching no more potassium was detectable by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). But it was visible again after oxidizing and heating of the sample to 670 K. Therefore, the potassium must have been in the bulk. It diffused to the surface if there was oxygen at sufficiently high temperatures. Further heating reduces the surface and the potassium also disappeared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051468
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    XPS analysis of the degradation of Nafion (1999)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 365 (1999), S. 106-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In polymer membrane fuel cells (PEFC) Nafion® is frequently used as electrolyte membrane. Nafion® is an ion exchange polymer based on a PTFE backbone with added sulfonic acid groups. Before using in PEFC the Nafion® membrane is cleaned by a chemical pretreatment. The influence of this chemical pretreatment of Nafion® membranes was investigated with XPS measurements as well as the influence of electrochemical stressing. The Nafion® membrane will be decomposed during XPS measurements. X-ray exposure as well as ion etching induces a degradation of Nafion®. The change is related to a disintegration of the basis polymer PTFE as well as the sulfonic acid groups containing side chains. The decomposition of the side chains is faster than that of the PTFE backbone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051454
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