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  • 1990-1994  (22)
  • 1985-1989  (15)
  • 1930-1934  (4)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expertensysteme und Simulationsmodelle (1989)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 11 (1989), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The technique of designing and constructing simulation models is difficult and requires a lot of knowledge and experience. In general, users of simulation models don't have this expert knowledge. Up to now, it has not been possible to incorporate the expert knowledge necessary for the overall modelling within an expert system which would then in turn make the techniques accessible to the inexperienced user. In general, the close cooperation among experts in the fields of application and simulation techniques remains — for the time being — the only guarantee for successfully scrutinizing a model study. It is, however, possible to combine expert systems and simulation models when using carefully chosen, closely defined fields of application. It is here that an important area of interest and study lies. There are three conceivable alternatives: 1. To provide a simulation model with an intelligent environment which supports the user in constructing as well as evaluating the results made. 2. An expert system contains a simulation model as a possible component. If the expert system needs information that is not directly available, a simulation model is accessed which in turn sends the necessary data back to the expert system. 3. A simulation model contains an expert system as a component. In this case, the model has specific strategies at its disposal that are to be taken into consideration. If the model reaches a point where decisions have to be made, the simulation model turns to the expert system in order to receive information on relevant decisions. These relevant decisions are then used to determine the further course of the model. All three alternatives assume that the expert system as well as the simulation system have an open architecture. The open architecture is a prerequisite for the possibility of coupling the two. Up to now, this requirement has rarely been achieved.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Entwurf und der Aufbau von Simulationsmodellen ist eine schwierige Technik, die sehr viel Wissen und Erfahrung voraussetzt. Die Anwender von Simulationsmodellen verfügen in der Regel über dieses Expertenwissen nicht. Bisher ist es nicht möglich, das für die Modellierung insgesamt erforderliche Expertenwissen in ein Expertensystem zu inkorporieren um es auf diese Weise dem in der Simulationstechnik unerfahrenen Anwender zugänglich zu machen. Im allgemeinen bleibt die enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen Fachleuten auf dem Anwendungsgebiet und der Simulationstechnik bis auf weiteres die einzige Garantie für eine erfolgreiche Modelluntersuchung. In ausgewählten, sehr engen abgegrenzten Anwendungsgebieten ist es jedoch möglich, Expertensysteme und Simulationsmodelle zu vereinen. Hier entwickelt sich ein bedeutendes Arbeits- und Aufgabenfeld. Es sind drei Alternativen vorstellbar: 1. Ein Simulationsmodell erhält eine intelligente Umgebung, die den Anwender beim Modellaufbau und bei der Ergebnisauswertung unterstützt. 2. Ein Expertensystem enthält als eine mögliche Komponente ein Simulationsmodell. Falls das Expertensystem Informationen benötigt, die nicht direkt verfügbar sind, wird ein Simulationsmodell angestoßen, das die erforderlichen Daten an das Expertensystem zurückliefert. 3. Ein Simulationsmodell enthält als Komponente ein Expertensystem. In diesem Fall enthält das Modell Strategien, die zu berücksichtigen sind. Falls das Modell an einen Punkt kommt, an dem Entscheidungen getroffen werden müssen, wendet sich das Simulationsmodell an das Expertensystem und läßt sich die maßgebenden, den weiteren Modellablauf bestimmenden Entscheidungen mitteilen. Alle drei Alternativen verlangen vom Expertensystem und dem Simulationssystem eine offene Architektur. Die offene Architektur ist Voraussetzung dafür, daß sich beide Systeme koppeln lassen. Diese Forderung ist bisher kaum erfüllt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01719913
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indications for radioisotope bone scanning in staging of cervical cancer (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 248 (1990), S. 21-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Radioisotope bone scanning ; Staging examinations ; Cervical cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The total of 160 patients with newly diagnosed invasive cancer of the cervix had whole body radioisotope bone scanning during staging of their disease. 51 patients had cancer of the cervix stage I, 63 had stage II, 34 stage III and 12 stage IV (FIGO). Only in 8 of 160 patients did the bone scans indicate possible metastases and this was confirmed by X-ray examination in only one patient with stage IV disease and liver metastases. We conclude that patients with stage I and stage II carcinoma of the cervix do not need to have bone scans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02389585
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  • 13
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    Unknown
    Afrikanische Philosophie - Mythos und Realität (Literaturbericht) (1989)
    Berlin : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie. 37:3 (1989) 257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-1045
    Topics: Philosophy
    Notes: BEMERKUNGEN UND BERICHTE
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:4085-1989-037-03-000009
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum-Zn-levels in prostatic cancer (1989)
    Springer
    Urological research 17 (1989), S. 41-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Prostatic carcinoma ; Metastasis ; Zn concentration in plasma ; Hormone therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Zinc in serum of both patients with prostatic carcinoma and men without prostatic cancer was analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). No significant differences were found between the group with prostatic carcinoma without metastasis and the group used for comparison. The Zn level in serum of patients with both prostatic carcinoma and metastases was decreased in comparison to the other groups. A decrease in the Zn concentration was also found for men without metastases after orchiectomy and hormone therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261049
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Desmin and actin associated with cytoplasmic bodies in skeletal muscle fibers: immunocytochemical and fine structural studies, with a note on unusual 18- to 20-nm filaments (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 406-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic body myopathy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Desmin ; Intermediate filaments ; Actin filaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a fine structural and immunocytochemical study, the latter performed on semithin sections of epoxy resin embedded skeletal muscle fibers, three types of cytoplasmic bodies were identified in a case of cytoplasmic body myopathy: (1) The first type, the classical type, showed a central core and a light halo with radiating actin filaments at the periphery. (2) The second type, the spheroid body was characterized by irregularly arranged granular masses associated with intermediate filaments. Desmin immunoreactivity occurred in the central and peripheral parts, where filaments of intermediate size were visualized by electron microscopy. Desmin immunoreactivity was noted also at the Z-bands of striated annulets, within areas of disordered myofibrils, such as sarcoplasmic masses, and in atrophic muscle fibers. (3) The third type of the cytoplasmic body was composed mainly of large masses of uneven granularity and electron density. The center of this type reacted to anti-actin antibody suggesting that the 5- to 6-nm filaments, which ultrastructurally proved to be a major component, were of the actin type. By contrast, neither intermediate filaments nor actin microfilaments were found by electron microscopy in cytoplasmic bodies in a second case where no immunoreaction to desmin or actin occurred. Anti-vimentin antibody stained only the cytoplasm of endomysial cells, but not the inclusion bodies. Some other, unusual inclusions with 18- to 20-nm tubulo-filamentous structures have to be distinguished from the various types of filaments in cytoplasmic bodies. It is concluded, that pleomorphism and heterogeneity of “cytoplasmic bodies” have to be taken into consideration when classifying cytoplasmic body myopathies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307695
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of tiflucarbine as a dual protein kinase C/calmodulin antagonist on proliferation of human keratinocytes and release of reactive oxygen species from human leukocytes (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 283 (1991), S. 456-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Tiflucarbine ; Protein kinase C ; Keratinocyte proliferation ; Reactive oxygen species ; Psoriasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Various studies have suggested that calmodulin (CaM) is involved in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. Protein kinase C (PKC) is also accepted as playing a regulatory role in cell proliferation as well as in inflammatory processes. Therefore, we investigated the effects of the known CaM antagonist tiflucarbine (BAY/TVX P 4495) on two cellular systems related to the major clinical symptoms of psoriasis: proliferation of cultured human keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line) and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). Tiflucarbine inhibited both cellular responses in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, tiflucarbine directly affected PKC, and may thus be considered to be a dual PKC/CaM antagonist with putative antipsoriatic activity. The effects of tiflucarbine on the different parameters were compared with those of the structurally unrelated dual PKC/CaM inhibitor W-7 and those of the potent PKC inhibitor staurosporine. The potencies of all three compounds were found to be in the same range as their PKC-inhibiting potency. Our data indicate that PKC, rather than CaM, may play a regulatory role in the release of ROS as well as in keratinocyte proliferation. Therefore, inhibition of PKC in general might have a therapeutic benefit in psoriasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371782
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phasic modulation of short latency cutaneous excitation in flexor digitorum longus motoneurons during fictive locomotion (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 71 (1988), S. 568-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Fictive locomotion ; Cutaneous reflex pathways ; Flexor digitorum longus muscle ; Motoneurons ; Interneurons ; Reflex modulation ; Spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined modulation of transmission of short-latency excitation produced by distal hindlimb cutaneous input, as well as fluctuations in motoneuron membrane potential and input resistance, in flexor digitorum longus (FDL) motoneurons during fictive locomotion. Fictive stepping was induced in unaesthetized, decerebrate cats either by repetitive stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) or by administration of Nialamide and 1 DOPA after low spinal section. In the MLR preparations, brief depolarizing waves occurred in FDL cells during the early flexion phase of fictive stepping, immediately after cessation of activity in extensor muscles. In some FDL cells, plateau-like depolarizations also occurred during the extensor phase. Fictive stepping induced in acutely spinalized cats by administration of l-DOPA was slower and more variable; peak polarization in FDL motoneurons always occurred during the early flexion phase but there was usually no distinct depolarization during extension. In both types of preparation, the initial EPSP components in synaptic potentials (SP-EPSPs) produced by electrical stimulation of the cutaneous division of the superficial peroneal nerve (SP) were maximally facilitated during early flexion, coincident with the peak of background depolarization. This enhancement was manifested by an increase in the amplitude of initial SP-EPSP components or by decreased central latency of the initial EPSP components, or both. In most FDL motoneurons, input resistance decreased systematically during late flexion, coincident with relative membrane hyperpolarization. Correction of SP-EPSP amplitudes for changes in input resistance suggested that SP-EPSP facilitation persisted throughout the flexion phase These findings are discussed with reference to modulation of cutaneous reflexes during locomotion and the possibility that excitatory last-order interneurons in particular cutaneous reflex pathways may distribute excitatory drive from the central pattern generator for locomotion to FDL α-motoneurons
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248749
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of short latency cutaneous excitation in flexor and extensor motoneurons during fictive locomotion in the cat (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 77 (1989), S. 57-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cutaneous EPSPs ; Fictive locomotion ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined modulation of transmission in short-latency, distal hindlimb cutaneous reflex pathways during fictive locomotion in 19 decerebrate cats. Fictive stepping was produced either by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) or by administration of Nialamide and 1-DOPA to acutely spinalized animals. Postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) produced by electrical stimulation of low threshold afferents (〈 2.5 times threshold) in the superficial peroneal (SP), sural, saphenous or medial plantar nerves were recorded intracellularly from various extensor (n = 28) and flexor (n = 24) motoneurons and averaged throughout the step cycle, together with voltage responses to intrasomatic constant current pulses (in order to monitor relative cell input resistance). Each motoneuron studied displayed rhythmic background oscillations in membrane potential and correlated variations in input resistance. The average input resistance of extensor motoneurons was lowest during mid-flexion, when the cells were relatively hyperpolarized and silent. Conversely, average input resistance of flexor motoneurons was highest during mid-flexion, when they were depolarized and active. The amplitude of the minimum-latency excitatory components of PSPs produced by cutaneous nerve stimulation were measured from computer averaged records representing six subdivisions of the fictive step cycle. Oligosynaptic EPSP components were consistently modulated only in the superficial peroneal responses in flexor motoneurons, which exhibited enhanced amplitude during the flexion phase. With the other skin nerves tested (sural, saphenous, and plantar), no consistent patterns of modulation were observed during fictive locomotion. We conclude that transmission through some, but not all, oligosynaptic excitatory cutaneous pathways is enhanced by premotoneuronal mechanisms during the flexion phase of fictive stepping in several cat hindlimb motor nuclei. The present results suggest that the patterns of interaction between the locomotor central pattern generator and excitatory cutaneous reflex pathways depend on the source of afferent input and on the identity of the target motoneuron population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00250567
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Afterhyperpolarization modulation in lumbar motoneurons during locomotor-like rhythmic activity in the neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro (1994)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 99 (1994), S. 214-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Afterhyperpolarization ; Motoneuron ; Locomotion ; In vitro ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Motoneuron afterhyperpolarization (AHP) amplitude and somatic input conductance were monitored during pharmacologically induced, locomotorlike ventral root activity using an isolated neonatal rat spinal cord preparation (transected at the C1 level). Nonspontaneously firing motoneurons were selected for study. Single spikes were evoked at regular intervals by brief depolarizing current pulse injections, while somatic input conductance was monitored by hyperpolarizing current pulses. The induction of rhythmic ventral root activity was associated with tonic depolarization of motoneurons as well as superimposed rhythmically alternating membrane depolarization and hyperpolarization (locomotor drive potentials, LDPs). In 9 of 13 trials (six of eight cells) the peak amplitude of AHPs following current-evoked action potentials was reduced during both the hyperpolarized and the depolarized phases of the LDP, compared with the pre-locomotor condition. The peak AHP amplitude increased during the depolarized phase of the LDP in 4 of 13 trials (three of eight cells); however, in 3 of these 4 trials measurement of the AHP later in the course of its trajectory, using a half decay time (HDt) reference point, demonstrated AHP amplitude reduction during rhythmic activity compared with the prelocomotor condition. In seven of eight motoneurons the induction of rhythmic activity was associated with a decrease in input conductance. The pattern of AHP amplitude and conductance modulation during the two phases of the LDP was consistent for individual trials; however, there was considerable intertrial variation. The results suggest that AHP modulation during locomotor-like activity in this preparation can be mediated independently of supraspinal influences by intrinsic spinal cord mechanisms, and the observed AHP suppression does not appear to be the passive result of an increase in background conductance. The discrepancy between peak and HDt-based AHP amplitude measurements during the depolarized phase of the LDP in some trials may be due to competing effects of passively enhanced potassium currents and a mechanism that actively reduces the calcium-dependent potassium conductance. The possibility that both the AHP amplitude and the input conductance changes observed during locomotor-like activity reflect a regulation of potassium channels is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239588
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spezifische IgM-Teste in der Syphilis-Diagnose (1994)
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 45 (1994), S. 685-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: 19S-IgM-FTA-ABS-Test – IgM-SPHA-Test – IgM-Captia-Test – Treponema pallidum-spezifische IgM-Teste – Syphilisserologie ; Key words: 19S-IgM-FTA-ABS-test – IgM-SPHA-test – IgM-Captia-test – Treponema pallidum-specific IgM-tests – Syphilis serology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. A total of 359 sera of untreated patients with syphilis were examined by three methods for the detection of Treponema pallidum specific IgM antibodies, the 19S-IgM-FTA-ABS test, the IgM solid phase haemadsorption assay (IgM-SPHA), and the IgM Captia assay. The results were compared and evaluated. In primary syphilis, the 19S-IgM-FTA-ABS and IgM-Captia yielded reactive results in all patients, whereas only 40% were positive in the IgM-SPHA; the corresponding values for early latent syphilis were 96.0%, 91.5% and 73.1%, respectively. In secondary syphilis, the reactivity of █ serum out of 27 was missed by IgM-Captia and that of another, by the IgM-SPHA. Mean values (ELISA units=extinction/cut-off) of IgM-Captia were higher in primary (2.25) than in secondary syphilis (1.70). In neurosyphilis, only the IgM-SPHA test detected reactivity in all sera, sensitivity for 19S-IgM FTA-ABS and IgM-Captia was 50.0% and 23.1%, respectively. Specificity of the IgM-Captia test results, determined in 386 sera, was 91.2%. The results of specific IgM tests are essential in the diagnosis of congenital syphilis as well as in the recognition of reinfection; they indicate the need for treatment and are useful in the assessment of the effectiveness of therapy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. Der Aussagewert von 3 Treponema-pallidum-spezifischen IgM-Testen, dem 19S-IgM-FTA-ABS-, dem 19S-IgM-Solid-Phase-Haemadsorption-Assay (IgM-SPHA) sowie dem IgM-Captia-Test wurde an 359 Sera von unbehandelten Patienten mit bekannter Syphilisinfektion untersucht und die Ergebnisse miteinander sowie mit den Befunden der Routineserologie (FTA-ABS-, TPHA-, VDRL-Test) verglichen. Im Primärstadium (n=38) waren die Proben sämtlicher untersuchter Patienten (37/37) im 19S-IgM-FTA-ABS- und im IgM-Captia-Test, jedoch nur 14/35 (40%) im IgM-SPHA-Test reaktiv. Der FTA-ABS zeigte bei 36/38 (94,7%), der TPHA bei 32/38 (84,2%), der VDRL bei 27/38 (71,1%) die Infektion an. Im Stadium der Frühlatenz (n=53) war der 19S-IgM-FTA-ABS-Test bei 48/50 (96%) reaktiv, der IgM SPHA bei 38/52 (73,1%), der IgM-Captia bei 44/49 (89,8%), der FTA-ABS bei 53/53 (100%), der TPHA bei 51/53 (96,2%) und der VDRL bei 48/53 (90,6%). Im Sekundärstadium (n=28) war der 19S-IgM-FTA-ABS-Test bei 28/28 (100%) reaktiv, der IgM-Captia bei 26/27 (96,3%), der 19S-IgM-SPHA bei 36/52 (69,2%), der FTA-ABS, der TPHA- und der VDRL-Test bei 28/28 (100%). Bei quantitativer Auswertung (ELISA-Einheiten – Absorptions-Grenzwert) des IgM-Captia-Testes lagen die Mittelwerte im Primärstadium deutlich höher (2,25) als im Sekundärstadium (1,7). Die Sera von Patienten mit Neurosyphilis (n=45) waren im 19S-IgM-FTA-ABS-Test in 19/38 (50%) der Proben, im IgM-SPHA-Test in 45/45 (100%), im IgM-Captia in 6/26 (23,1%), im FTA-ABS in 45/45 (100%), im TPHA in 45/45 (100%) und im VDRL in 43/45 (95%) reaktiv. Schließlich wurden die Sera von 195 Personen mit latenter Syphilis von unbekannter Dauer untersucht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001050050150
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