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Yearly maps of summer temperatures in Western Europe from A.D. 1750 to 1975 and Western North America from 1600 to 1982: (1991)

Schweingruber, F. H. ; Briffa, K. R. ; Jones, P. D.

Springer

Plant ecology 92 (1991), S. 5-71

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ISSN: 1573-5052

Keywords: Dendroclimatology ; Maximum density ; Temperature reconstructions ; Europe ; North America ; Anomaly maps

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The primary purpose of this publication is to make available two series of historical maps showing ‘summer’ (April–September mean) temperatures over western Europe from A.D. 1750 and western North America from A.D. 1600. These maps have been reconstructed using networks of temperature-sensitive tree-ring chronologies as part of a continuing collaboration between the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (FSL) at Birmensdorf, Switzerland and the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia, Norwich, U.K. The maps were reconstructed using relatively long maximum latewood density chronologies selected from the extensive networks of tree-ring data produced at the FSL. The reconstructions were produced using a spatial regression technique developed at CRU. The basis for the reconstructions are wood samples from various conifers growing at cool-moist sites close to the alpine or boreal timberlines. This material was analysed by x-ray densitometry and the resulting maximum latewood density chronologies were calibrated against meteorological data over a 100-year calibration period. These results emphasize the value of dendroclimatological research which can provide continentalscale reconstructions of past climate which represent a potential resource for climatologists, biologists, and historians with an interest in the spatial variability of summer temperatures over the middle to high latitudes.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00047132

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Tris(trimethylsilyl)methanselenenylhalogenide und -chalkogenideProfessor Heinrich Nöth zum 65. Geburtstage gewidmet (1993)

Ostrowski, M. ; Wagner, I. ; DuMont, W.-W. ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 1693-1698

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ISSN: 0044-2313

Keywords: Tris(trimethylsilyl)methaneselenenyl halides ; Tris(trimethylsilyl)methaneselenyl chalcogenides ; 1H, 13C, 77Se n.m.r. sprectra ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Description / Table of Contents: Tris(trimethylsilyl)methaneselenenyl Halides and Chalcogenides.Ditrisyldiselenide (1) (trisyl = TSi = (Me3Si)3C) reacts with SOCl2, Br2 and I2 to provide trisylselenenyl halides TSiSeX (2: X = Cl; 3: X = Br, 4: X = I). Insertion of S and Se into the Se—Se bond of 1 to yield (TSiSe)2Sn (5: n = 1; 6: n = 2) and (TSiSe)2Sen (7: n = 1; 8: n = 2) was catalysed by iodine. 5 was isolated in pure state and examined by X-ray diffraction. Triselenide 7 can be cleaved by I2 in CS2 to give 4 and Se2I2 (9). From 2 with Me3SiCN and Me3SiNCS, the new selenenyl pseudohalides TSiSeCN (10) and TSiSeSCN (11) were prepared. The compounds were characterised by 1H, 13C- and 77Se n.m.r. spectra.

Notes: Ditrisyldiselenid (1) (Trisyl - Tsi - (Me3Si)3C—) reagiert mit SOCl2, Br2 und I2 zu Trisylselenenylhalogeniden TSiSeX (2: X = Cl; 3: X = Br, 4: X = I). Die Einschiebung von Schwefel und Selen in die Se—Se-Bindung von 1 zu (TSiSe)2 Sn (5: n = 1; 6: n = 2) bzw. (TSiSe)2Sen (7: n = 1; 8: n = 2) läßt sich mit Iod katalysieren. 5 wurde in reiner Form isoliert und durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse untersucht. Das Triselenid 7 wird durch Iod in CS2 zu 4 und Se2I2 (9) gespalten. Aus 2 lassen sich mit Me3SiCN bzw. Me3SiNCS das Trisylselenocyanat TSiSeCN (10) bzw. Trisylselenenylthiocyanat TSiSeSCN (11) gewinnen. 1H, 13C- und 77Se-NMR Spektren von 1 - 11 sind im Einklang mit den Strukturvorschlägen.

Additional Material: 2 Ill.