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  • 1990-1994  (6,859)
  • 1915-1919  (96)
  • Chemistry  (6,955)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (454)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric investigation of isotropic and anisotropic solutions of hydroxypropyl cellulose in dioxan (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 34 (1994), S. 363-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: hydroxypropyl cellulose ; dioxan ; dielectric behaviour ; refractive index ; isotropy ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dielectric behaviour of hydroxypropyl cellulose in dioxan has been studied at 10-50°C over a range of concentration of 10-55 wt% to include the isotropic and anisotropic phases. The study showed that the loss maximum ε″max magnitude of polarization ε0 - ε∞ relaxation time 1/2πfm degree of broadening of the absorption curves 1-h or α, and the mean-square dipole moment 〈gμ2〉, steadily increase with concentration up to 42 wt%, above which a rapid decrease takes place. This indicates that the isotropic solution transforms to an anisotropic solution with a smaller mean dipole moment. The critical concentration is realized to be temperature invariant. This was evidenced by measuring the refractive index of solutions covering the same concentration and temperature ranges.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1994.210340402
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positively and negatively charged water cluster ions generated via liquid chromatography/thermospray mass spectrometry (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 188-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The formation of singly protonated water clusters in the positive-ion mode and singly deprotonated water clusters as well as singly negatively charged water clusters in the negative-ion mode with a thermospray system running on pure water and in the discharge-on mode is described. The influence of the potential at the repeller electrode opposite to the sampling cone recalls previous mechanistic discussions on the repeller influence. Application of these water cluster ions to tuning and calibration in the thermospray mode is proposed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290050409
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ability of different hepatoma cells to metabolize 4-hydroxynonenal (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 11 (1993), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Aldehyde dehydrogenase ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; aldehyde reductase ; glutathione-S-transferase ; hepatoma ; 4-hydroxynonenal ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), produced during the oxidative lipid breakdown of biological membranes, modulates various biochemical processes in normal liver and in hepatoma cells. It is very probable that the effects of 4-HNE are related to the quantity formed in the cells and the cells' ability to metabolize it. Aldehyde catabolism takes place within the cells through oxidative and reductive enzymes, and through conjugation with intracellular glutathione. In this paper, the various enzymatic pathways involved in the metabolism of 4-HNE were studied in normal hepatocytes and in hepatoma cells. The hepatocyte pathway undergoes a complex variety of change during neoplastic transformation.In hepatoma cells, generally, 4-HNE metabolism was due mainly to aldehyde dehydrogenases, whereas in normal hepatocytes 4-HNE metabolism was mainly due to alcohol dehydrogenase and glutathione-S-transferase. The increase in oxidative enzymes compared to normal tissue was not the same in all types of hepatoma: in HTC hepatoma cells, the enzyme levels were considerably higher; in AH-130 hepatoma cells of Yoshida, they were lower in subcellular particles and similar in the cytosol. Indeed, consumption of externally-added 4-HNE in hepatoma cells was proportional to their content of 4-HNE metabolizing enzymes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290110202
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms of repeller-induced effects in thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 26 (1991), S. 519-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The application of a high potential at the repeller electrode, positioned opposite to the sampling cone in order to increase the sampling efficiency, can induce fragmentation in thermospray mass Spectrometry. Until now, this fragmentation has been attributed to collision-induced dissociation. As a result of studies on the changes in the reagent gas composition in the thermospray buffer ionization mode as a function of the repeller potential in the positive-ion mode, it appears that three different processes are occurring. At low repeller potentials, the thermospray mass spectra of the eluent are determined by the proton affinities and the concentrations of the various solvent constituents, and the stabilities of the formed cluster ions under the ion source conditions. With an increase in the repeller potential, collision-induced dissociation of the background ions starts to occur. When the kinetic energy of the ions and cluster ions becomes high enough, endothermic proton transfer and solvent-switching reaction pathways are opened. For the relatively volatile analytes studied, e.g. aniline, acetophenone, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid, similar effects are observed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210260528
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of catalase on membranes of poly(ethylene)-g-co-acrylic acid and poly(tetrafluoroethylene)-g-co-acrylic acid and their application in hydrogen peroxide electrochemical sensors (1991)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 29 (1991), S. 269-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The immobilization of catalase on grafted membranes of poly(ethylene)-g-co-acrylic acid and poly(tetrafluoroethylene)-g-co-acrylic acid and their application in hydrogen peroxide electrochemical sensors is described. The introduction of carboxylic acid groups onto a hydrophobic support provides a good environment for subsequent enzyme immobilization. This single membrane, hydrogen peroxide sensor showed significant improvement with respect to the double membrane versions. The response is very rapid, the linear range being from 10 μM up to 6 mM, with a detection limit of 4.7 μM, and a lifetime of more than 4 months.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1991.080290215
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Precipitation temperature of poly(ethylene glycol) in some electrolyte solutions (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 2 (1991), S. 269-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Poly(ethylene glycol) ; Precipitation temperature ; Cloud points ; θ-temperature ; Salt effect ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The effect of sodium fluoride, sodium bromide, tetramethyl ammonium chloride, tetramethyl ammonium bromide and sodium formate on both precipitation and θ-temperatures of poly(ethylene glycol) (Mw = 4000) in aqueous solution have been determined. Curves have been drawn to represent the effect of such ions on both the θ and the precipitation temperatures of the polymer. The effectiveness increases in the order (CH3)4 NBr, NaBr, (CH3)4NCl, NaF and HCOONa. The Mw-temperatures obtained at infinite dilution are 445 K for NaBr, NaF, (CH3)4 NBr and (CH3)4NCl and 415 K for HCOONa.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1991.220020602
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical and optical properties of the transition metal iron in ZnTe and CdTe (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 3 (1994), S. 223-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: CdTe ; ZnTe ; Impurities ; Spin resonance ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: We present results of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical spectroscopy on different charge states of the transition metal impurity iron in ZnTe and CdTe. We identify the energy level position of the Fe+ acceptor in ZnTe at Ev + 1.7eV and estimate its position in CdTe. Ionisation transitions from Fe+to the conduction and valence bands ar found in both absorption spectroscopy and photo-EPR. Optical intra-defect tracsitions from Fe+ to crystalfield-split excited states ar resolved for the first time. This assignment to Fe2+ is based on optically detected EPR. Application of both far-infrared Fourier transform and EPR spectroscopy allows the determination of the total iron concentration in all charge states.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/amo.860030132
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactive diluent effect on properties of UV-cured films (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 54 (1994), S. 309-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymer films were prepared with UV radiation from urethane acrylate oligomer (LR 8739) mixed with a photoinitiator (Irgacur 184) and a number of reactive diluents chosen from monofunctional monomers (such as N-vinyl pyrrolidone, ethylhexyl acrylate, methoxyethyl acrylate, and hydroxyethyl methacrylate), difunctional monomers (hexane dioldiacrylate, butanediol diacrylate, and tripropylene diacrylate), and a trifunctional monomer (trimethylol propane triacrylate). The optimum concentrations of the photoinitiator, oligomer, and diluents were determined. Various properties of the cured films such as pendulum hardness, gel content, swelling ability, tensile strength, and elongation at break were also determined. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the diluents were correlated with tensile properties and those of the film. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070540305
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polysulfone membranes. V. Poly(phenyl sulfone) (Radel R)-poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) membranesIssued as NRC No. 35781. (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 54 (1994), S. 783-792 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ultrafiltration membranes were prepared from mixtures of poly(phenyl sulfone) (Radel R5000) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) dissolved in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). The effects of the casting solution composition on membrane performance and morphology are presented. Radel R5000 membranes showed higher productivity for a given pore size when compared to other polysulfone membranes. The biphenyl group in Radel R5000 makes it more rigid in comparison to other polysulfones. This may result in more ordered packing, which resulted in the higher productivities and smaller pore sizes observed in the membranes. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070540609
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal effects of heat-resistant rubber blends. I. Joule heating effects in carbon black-loaded NR/SBR blends (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 39 (1990), S. 1903-1913 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A heat-resistant rubber blend of natural rubber NR and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR-1502) was prepared according to the standard techniques. The rubber blend was loaded with different concentrations of LAMP black and general purpose furnace (GPF) black for obtaining conductive rubber composites. The obtained vulcanizates were subjected to electrical conductivity measurements over a wide range of temperature and electric field. It was found that all samples showed negative values of temperature coefficient of conductivity (TCC). The temperature developed inside the samples by the Joule heating effect was recorded as a function of time (T-t) at different values of the initial applied DC-electric power. The T-t dependence was found to obey an exponentially growing function with a time constant (τ), which was found to be dependent on the concentrations as well as the type of carbon black and the value of the initial applied power. The current-voltage characteristics of the samples showed a negative resistance behavior after a characteristic voltage (V*). It was noticed that V* decreases as the carbon black concentration increases.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070390907
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