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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A slowly inactivating transient outward current in rat ventricular myocytes (1993)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 425 (1993), S. 184-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: voltage clamp ; transient outward current ; cardiac myocytes ; tetrodotoxin ; cadmium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In rat ventricular myocytes we found two components of transient outward current, which could be discriminated time- and voltage-dependently. Besides the well known fastly inactivating transient outward current (ito,f, τ=35±8ms, n=4) we investigated properties of a slowly inactivating transient outward current (ito,s, τ=1.7±0.4s, n=4). Because of the slow inactivation process of ito,s tail currents were observed at −25mV. The inactivation curve of ito,f was characterized by a half-inactivation voltage of −58.4±1.4mV and a slope factor of 5.6±0.5mV (n=4). The inactivation curves of ito,s and tail currents were nearly identical but significantly different from the ito,f-curve. Half-inactivation voltages of ito,s and tail currents were −87.5±6mV and −89.1±5mV (n=4), respectively. Slope factors were 10.3±2.9mV and 9.8 ±1.7mV (n=4). The activation gate of ito,s was half-maximally opened at −11.5±2.6mV, and the slope factor was −10.6±1.7mV (n=3). ito,s tail current reversed its direction at −62±3.2mV (n=5). This indicates, that ito,s- current flow is carried mainly by potassium ions. Ito,s- current was not abolished by Tetrodotoxin (TTX) and Cd.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00374522
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of membrane outward currents by human low density lipoprotein in mouse peritoneal macrophages (1993)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 348 (1993), S. 207-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Macrophage ; Voltage-clamp ; Ionic current ; Low density lipoprotein ; Acetylated low density lipoprotein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present study was to search for electrophysiological effects of human lipoproteins on membrane currents in mouse peritoneal macrophages which had been cultured for 5 to 20 days. Whole-cell currents were recorded by using a voltage-clamp technique. Low density lipoprotein (LDL, 100 μg/ml) increased a slowly activating nonspecific cation current (iso) in the positive potential range to 244 ± 23% of the reference (test potential + 55 mV, n = 13, P 〈 0.005). Augmentation of current resulted out of a negative shift of the activation curve along the voltage axis (−22 mV) and an increase of maximally available current. Furthermore, LDL increased a rapidly activating outward current (ifo) at test potentials positive to the potassium equilibrium potential. At +55 mV ifo-amplitude increasedto 165 ± 14% ofreference (n = 16, P 〈 0.005). LDL-induced effects on ifo-current could be mimicked by application of the calcium ionophore A 23187 (1 μmol/l) which led to an increase of ifo-current to 161 ± 25% of the reference (test potential + 55 mV, n = 11, P 〈 0.005). Acetylated-LDL (100 μg/ml, 5–15 min) produced no significant effect on the membrane currents under investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164800
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of a potassium outward current by zymosan and opsonized zymosan in mouse peritoneal macrophages (1994)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 349 (1994), S. 594-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words: Macrophage – Voltage-clamp – Potassium current – Zymosan – Platelet activating factor – Calcium ionophore A 23187
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The effects of zymosan and human serum opsonized zymosan on membrane currents of adherent mouse peritoneal macrophages which had been cultured for 5 to 20 days were investigated with the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique. Both stimuli activated an outward current. The outward current activation was transient and lasted about 5 min. In solutions with 10 or 50 mmol/l extracellular potassium concentration the activation of an outwardly directed current occurred at test potentials positive to the respective potassium equilibrium potential. This particle-induced current resembled a calcium-activated potassium current which could be activated with the calcium ionophore A 23187 and with platelet activating factor. The order of maximal responses (test potential +55 mV, amplitude given as percentage of the respective control) was: 0.1 μmol/l platelet activating factor (222±36%, n=8, P〈0.01) 〈1 μmol/l A 23187 (190±24%, n=11, P〈0.01) 〈900 μg/ml opsonized zymosan (134±7%, n=22, P〈0.01) 〈900 μg/ml zymosan (116±5%, n=21, P〈0.01). The lower efficiency of zymosan as compared to opsonized zymosan is explained in part by a lower percentage of responding cells which was 48% for zymosan and 73% for opsonized zymosan. Macrophages which were pretreated with particles showed a greater reactivity to calcium as compared to untreated cells. Elevation of extracellular calcium from 0.9 to 4.5 mmol/l activated the outward current to 145±12% (n=11, P〈 0.01) after preincubation with opsonized zymosan and to 144±21% (n=12, P〈0.01) under the influence of zymosan while in untreated cells current increase by elevation of extracellular calcium was not significant (120±10%, n=9, n.s.).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01258465
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of slow singly charged fragments in 200 GeV/c hadron nucleus interactions (1993)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 57 (1993), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of slow, singly charged fragments in the target rapidity region have been performed for proton and pion induced reactions with various nuclei at 200 GeV/c. Multiplicity, angular and energy distributions are examined and used to study the effects of rescattering in the nuclear medium. Data are compared to a “geometric cascade model” and to simulations with the VENUS 3.11 and the FRITIOF 1.7 Monte Carlo codes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01555736
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles from32S induced heavy ion interactions at 200A GeV (1992)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 55 (1992), S. 539-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions have been measured for32S+Al, Cu, Ag and Au at 200A GeV. The widths of the pseudorapidity distributions increase from central to peripheral collisions. The main contribution is assumed to come from the increasing fraction of charged particles stemming from the fragmentation of the target for peripheral collisions as compared to central collisions. On the average 170–180 charged particles per unit of pseudorapidity are attained for the most central32S+Au events at the maximum of the distribution. The target dependence of the yield of charged particles for central collisions is investigated. In the target rapidity region the yield is directly proportional to the target mass. The transverse energy per charged particle has been studied as a function of centrality and pseudorapidity. The experimental results are compared to the results from the Monte-Carlo model VENUS 3.11 which includes rescattering among secondaries. A comparison between different centrality triggers is made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01561291
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upper limit for thermal direct photon production in heavy-ion collisions at 60 and 200A·GeV (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 51 (1991), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The production of direct photons has been investigated in reactions ofp and16O projectiles at 60 and 200A·GeV with C and Au nuclei. Photon and π0 spectra have been measured in the pseudorapidity range 1.5≦η≦2.1 for the transverse momentum region 0.4 GeV/c≦p T ≦2.8 GeV/c employing the lead-glass spectrometer SAPHIR. An upper limit of 15% at the 90% confidence level for the direct photon signal relative to the neutral pion production is obtained from the comparison of measured photon spectra with Monte Carlo simulations of the hadronic background based on the reconstructed yield of π0 and η mesons. Consequences for a possible phase transition to a quark-gluon plasma are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01579555
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