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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Test Systems for Evaluating Quantitative Resistance Against Fusarium Foot Rot in Inbred Lines of Winter Rye (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 108 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The first results of three test systems for evaluating the susceptibility of rye inbred lines to foot rot caused by Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum are presented. The test systems were specifically designed for greenhouse, foliar tent and field experiments. The inbred lines, some of which are being used in commercial hybrids, showed significant variation for resistance. Significant interactions occurred between genotypes and test systems, and within the test systems between genotypes and years or growth stages. A significant correlation existed between susceptibility in the greenhouse and in the field (r = 0.84, P = 0.05), when inoculation in the greenhouse took place at the jointing stage (EC 31). In earlier growth stages, however, this correlation was not significant. In both greenhouse and foliar tent experiments, susceptibility to F. culmorum and F. graminearum was strongly correlated (r = 0.71, 0.87, resp., P = 0.01). In the field, F. culmorum alone was used for artificial inoculation. Genotypic variance and repeatability in the field were highest after inoculation in spring with conidia suspensions. It is concluded that, in inbreeding generations with limited seed quantities, the greenhouse and the foliar-tent test systems offer good possibilities of indirectly improving foot-rot resistance in rye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1992.tb00131.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative-Genetic Basis of Sprouting Resistance in Rye (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 106 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The quantitative-genetic basis of sprouting resistance in winter rye (Secale cereale L.) was investigated in order to facilitate breeding for improved baking quality. Crosses within and between the Petkus and Carsten gene pools were tested along with the parental lines over two locations, two years, and two harvest dates. Heritabilities of approximately 0.6 were found for falling number (FN), a-amylase activity, dormancy, and amylograph curve characters. FN showed moderate heterosis that reached 35%. High genetic variation for FN was observed in most genetic materials, and error variances were generally small. Considerable genotype × year interactions occurred. Genotypes with high FN showed more instability for FN over environments. General combining ability was the main source of genetic variation for FN (80%) and was correlated with line per se performance in the Carsten gene pool (r = 0.66). FN showed moderate to strong correlations with slowness of development, but only loose ones or none with other agronomic traits. We conclude that improving sprouting resistance by selecting for FN should be highly effective and would not cause unfavourable side effects with regard to yielding performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1991.tb00501.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic Diversity for RFLPs in European Maize Inbreds (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 111 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) have been proposed for predicting the yield potential of different types of cross. Their has been evaluated in 15 flint and 12 dent inbreds from the European maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm as well as in 68 F1 crosses (21 flint × flint, 14 dent × dent, and 33 flint × dent) produced between them. The materials were evaluated for F1 performance and midparent heterosis of grain yield, dry matter content (DMC) and plant height in two environments in Germany. Genetic distances (GDs) between parental lines, calculated from RFLP data of 194 clone-enzyme combinations, showed greater means for flint × dent (0.67) than dent × dent (0.62) and flint × flint (0.55) crosses. Cluster analysis based on GDs resulted in a clear separation of flint and dent lines and agreed well with pedigree information. For the complete set of 64 crosses analyzed (excluding 4 crosses between closely related lines) correlations of GD with F1 performance and heterosis were significant for all traits except F1 performance of DMC. When separate calculations were performed for individual subjets of crosses, correlations of GD with Fl performance and heterosis were significantly positive (0.48 ≤ r ≤ 0.80) for all traits in the flint × flint crosses, but not significant for the subsets of flint × dent and dent × dent crosses. Our results confirm those of previous investigations in that the predictive value of RFLP data is restricted to crosses between lines from the same heterotic group, and cannot be applied to crosses between lines from genetically divergent heterotic groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb00632.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation Phenomena in Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Polar Stilbene Amphiphiles (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 10 (1994), S. 837-843 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00015a039
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation and Covariation of Milling- and Baking-quality Characteristics among Winter Rye Single-cross Hybrids (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 113 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Components of variation for, and genetic correlations among, measures of milling and baking quality were estimated for 38 winter rye single-crosses sown in three environments. Samples of grain were indirectly evaluated for baking quality via Falling Number and Amylograph tests whereas direct Assessments of baking quality and milling yield were obtained from standardised Sourdough Baking tests and total flour release determinations, respectively. Estimates of genetic variation were large and highly significant (P 〈 0.01) for all traits whereas those of genotype × environment interactions were much smaller and often non-significant. Broad-sense heritability estimates were very high, ranging from 0.64 to 0.96. Crumb elasticity, the most important direct measure of baking quality, was significantly correlated with falling number (rg= 0.43) and Amylograph temperature at maximum viscosity (rg= 0.55). The dough yield, loaf volume and total flour release, however, showed no relation with the indirect measures of baking quality. The crumb elasticity was correlated positively with flour release but negatively with dough yield and loaf volume. Selection for high falling number would be an effective indirect method of increasing crumb elasticity. Enhancement of the other baking and milling characteristics would require direct measurements of the respective traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00738.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Durstregulation bei terminaler Niereninsuffizienz (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 1127-1133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Thirst regulation ; Vasopressin ; Renin-angiotensin-system ; Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Endstage renal disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary About 30% of hemodialyzed patients are suffering from chronic fluid overload despite advice to restrict the oral fluid intake. To investigate the cause of the abnormal drinking behaviour a clinical study was performed in 51 non-diabetic patients with endstage renal disease exhibiting lower interdialytic weight gain (〈3 kg,n=17) and increased interdialytic weight gain (〉3 kg,n=34). Blood pressure, body weight self-estimated thirst intensity before and after hemodialysis were analyzed. Biochemical and behavioral variables were measured including hormonal factors of water and sodium metabolism. Significant differences of dry weight, creatinine, urea nitrogen and thirst intensity were found between the two groups. Catecholamines, renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide exhibited a similar pattern in both groups. Atrial natriuretic peptide decreased during hemodialysis in both groups, angiotensin II, however, and norepinephrine showed an exaggerated response to ultrafiltration rate in polydipsic patients. These results suggest that changes in serum osmolality during hemodialysis did not contribute to thirst and drinking behaviour. It seems that postdialytic hypovolaemia together with higher plasma-angiotensin II-levels is responsible for increased oral intake of fluid and excessive weight gain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01798063
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CMS in rye: comparative RFLP and transcript analyses of mitochondria from fertile and male-sterile plants (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 89 (1994), S. 1014-1018 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: CMS-Secale ; RFLP ; Differential transcription ; cob ; atpA ; atp9
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mitochondrial (mt) genomes of rye (Secale cereale L.) lines with “normal” and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) inducing “Pampa” cytoplasm were compared by detailed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and Northern analyses. RFLP analyses using several heterologous mt genes as probes revealed considerable differences in the overall structure of the two mt genomes. With cob and atpA, the data indicate intragenic recombination and/or different copy numbers of these genes in the two cytoplasms. In spite of this heterogeneity at DNA level, the transcriptional patterns of nine out of ten mitochondrial genes analysed are unaffected. The exception is in the “Pampa” cytoplasm which contains an additional cob-homologous transcript. Since this transcript is strongly reduced in the presence of restorer genes, it might causally be correlated to the CMS phenotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224532
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of inbred lines and their crosses for resistance to head blight (Fusarium culmorum, F. graminearum) in winter rye (1992)
    Springer
    Euphytica 65 (1992), S. 123-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Fusarium culmorum ; Fusarium graminearum ; head blight ; quantitative resistance ; rye ; Secale cereale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary For genetic analysis of head blight in winter rye (Secale cereale) caused by Fusarium culmorum, six homozygous inbred lines from the Petkus gene pool were crossed in all combinations to obtain 15 diallel F1 crosses and the corresponding 15 F2 crosses. These materials and 10 additional inbreds were artificially inoculated in a 2-year field experiment. The inbreds were also tested with F. graminearum in a separate sub-experiment. Single disease rating, average disease rating, and yield components (grain-weight per spike, 1000-grain weight, kernel number per spike) relative to the non-inoculated treatment were significantly affected by Fusarium head blight in all material groups. The relative grain weight per spike ranged from 26% to 88%. Significant genotypic and genotype x year interaction variances were found throughout. Heritabilities were highest for homogeneous inbreds (h2=0.6–0.8) and lowest for heterogeneous F2 crosses (h2=0.4–0.6). Disease rating and relative grain-weight per spike were highly correlated for the inbreds and F2 crosses (r≈0.7, P≤0.01), but lower for the F1 crosses (r≈0.6, P≤0.05). Inter-annual correlation coefficients for disease ratings and relative grain-weight per spike ranged from r≈0.7 (inbreds) to r≈0.5 (F2 crosses). The diallel analysis showed significant GCA effects only for relative 1000-grain weight in 1990, but significant SCA and SCAx year interaction variances for most traits. The resistances of 16 inbreds to F. culmorum and F. graminearum were tightly associated for all traits (r=0.96–0.97, P≤0.01). In conclusion, only slow progress can be expected from selecting for Fusarium head blight resistance in rye due to the limited amount of additive genetic variance and the great improtance of environmental factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022574
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biometrical analysis of alternative plot types for selection in rye (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 57 (1991), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: field plot technique ; genetic correlation ; heritability ; recurrent selection ; rye ; Secale cereale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Maximizing the efficiency of selection for yield and baking quality of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) requires reliable knowledge on the pertinent population parameters. This study reports estimates of variances, heritabilities and genetic correlations from a) large (≈5 m2) drilled (LD) plots, b) micro drilled (MD) plots, and c) one-row plots of 4 spaced plants (SP). Thirty eight single crosses of rye were grown at two locations for two years in LD, MD and SP plots replicated 2, 4, and 6 times, respectively. Genotypic differences were significant in all plot types for all agronomic and quality traits, although estimates of genetic variances were smaller in LD than MD or SP plots for grain yield, 32-spike weight, and kernels per spike. Heritabilities on an entry mean basis (0.62 to 0.95) were similar among plot types, but on a single plot basis estimates were lower for SP than for MD or LD plots. Genetic correlations were high between all three plot types, with correlations between LD and SP plots being approximately 1.0 for falling number, thousand-kernel weight, and bloom date, 0.90 for grain yield, kernels per spike, test weight and height, and 0.70 for tiller number. Based on the high heritabilities achieved in small plots and the close agreement between MD- or SP- with LD-plot performance we conclude that greater use should be made of small plot types when selecting for yield and quality in winter rye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023072
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