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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A vectorial finite element formulation for electromagnetic wave propagation in helical systems (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 5689-5693 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper describes a vectorial finite element method for the analysis of electromagnetic waves propagating in helical systems. The present method can be as easily used as the methods for guided electromagnetic waves in systems with translational and axial symmetries. The functional for the vector Helmholtz equation is minimized using twisted coordinates in which the problem becomes two-dimensional. The spurious solutions, which do not satisfy the divergence-free condition, are removed on the basis of the penalty method. Two finite element equations for the covariant and contravariant components of electromagnetic fields are derived and boundary conditions for both formulations are described. The present method is applied to the analysis of a twisted waveguide with a rectangular cross section and the numerical solutions are shown to be in good agreement with the perturbed solutions for a small helical pitch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350503
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of epitaxial Fe/Cr superlattices having extremely flat interfaces (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 2455-2457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: By introducing an epitaxial Cr(00l) buffer layer, single-crystal Fe(001)/Cr(001) superlattices having extremely flat interfaces were grown on MgO(001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Sharp reflection high-energy electron diffraction patterns and low resistivity at 5 K show that the Fe/Cr superlattice has the highest quality of the interfaces among those so far reported. Results indicate that the interface roughness influences the magnitude of both residual resistivity and magnetoresistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351110
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and magnetic properties of Co/Al multilayered films (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 1787-1790 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on an investigation of Co/Al multilayered films (MLFs). The samples had periodic layered structures and had in-plane easy axes. Nonmagnetic CoAl compound was formed at the Co/Al interfaces. Co/Al MLFs had a perpendicular interface anisotropy. This interface anisotropy energy (Ks) was estimated to be 0.25 erg/cm2. Taking account the volume contribution of Co layers, it was suggested that perpendicular magnetism would appear when the remaining unmixed Co layer thickness was under 6 A(ring). However, this surface anisotropy energy vanished when the Co layers were thinner than 9 A(ring). In Co/Al MLFs with thin Co layers, the island growth of Co on the initial stage was considered to be the reason for Ks=0.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346610
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitaxial growth study of Bi2(Sr,Ca)3Cu2Ox films on cleaved MgO substrates (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 1092-1094 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In situ epitaxial growth of Bi2(Sr0.6Ca0.4)3Cu2Ox films by ion beam sputtering on cleaved MgO substrates was studied. The crystallographic structures were analyzed by in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction, a four-circle x-ray diffractometer, and a scanning electron microscope. While the epitaxial films on polished MgO substrates commonly showed the fourfold symmetry, epitaxial films having twofold symmetry were grown on cleaved MgO substrates and the films contained two types of equivalently misoriented domains. The epitaxial relationship between these domains and cleaved MgO substrates was such that the b axis of each domain deviated approximately ±13° from [010]MgO where the cleavage steps ran along [100]MgO. The step edges seemed to play an important role in the occurrence of the twofold epitaxial relationship, where the incommensurate modulation tended to align its direction so as to avoid the step edges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104381
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of oxygen plasma annealing on superconducting properties of Bi2(Sr,Ca)3Cu2Ox and YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 575-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin films of the Bi2(Sr,Ca)3Cu2Ox and YBa2Cu3O7−δ system were annealed at 400 °C in a high-density oxygen plasma and its effect on superconducting properties was investigated. After being annealed in the oxygen plasma, their superconducting transition temperatures decreased by about 10 K and 2 K, respectively, and the c-axis lattice constants of these films were also found to decrease as a result of the annealing in the oxygen plasma. These results suggest that excessive oxygen incorporated into the films by the annealing in the oxygen plasma caused the excessive hole carriers, which deteriorated the superconducting transition temperatures of these films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.103302
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ epitaxial growth of Bi2(Sr,Ca)3Cu2Ox films by ion beam sputtering with an atomic oxygen source (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 295-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In situ epitaxial growth of Bi2(Sr,Ca)3Cu2Ox films was performed by ion beam sputtering in atomic oxygen ambience at the substrate temperature of 640 °C. The films showed an epitaxial growth in which the a and b axes were parallel to 〈100〉 MgO, and the superstructure according to the incommensurate modulation along the b axis was also observed. The superconducting properties of the as-grown films seemed to sensitively depend on the oxidation treatment during the cooling down process. The zero resistivity temperature Tc(R=0) of a 600-A(ring)-thick film cooled down in the same atomic oxygen density as the film growth ambience was 60 K, but it increased up to 80 K after a post-deposition annealing at 500 °C for 1 h in air. In contrast, as-grown films cooled down in insufficient oxidation ambience showed the Tc(R=0) of 76 K without post-deposition annealing. The control of the oxygen concentration is critical for the superconductivity of as-grown films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.103286
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The similarities and differences of migraine with aura and migraine without aura: a preliminary study (1991)
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 11 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A preliminary study was undertaken to provide clinical evidence to support the hypothesis that: “Migraine with aura, migraine without aura and aura alone are the same condition, which differ in degree rather than pathophysiology.” At the City of London Migraine Clinic, 50 patients consecutively attending the clinic with a past or present history of migraine with aura were questioned. Of the 50 patients questioned 36 (70%) had a combination of migraine with aura, migraine without aura andor aura alone; i.e. 70% had had more than one type of migraine attack. The duration, severity and frequency of attacks did not differ between migraine with and migraine without aura. Conclusion-the results support the hypothesis that migraine with and migraine without aura, and aura alone are not separate conditions, because: (1) most patients suffer from more than one type of migraine attack; (2) there are no significant differences in the characteristics of the migraine attacks in the different groups; (3) there are no significant differences in the characteristics of the subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1991.1104189.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In-plane anisotropic transport properties observed in epitaxial Bi2(Sr,Ca)3Cu2Ox films grown on tilted (001)SrTiO3 substrate (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 2445-2447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on large in-plane anisotropic transport properties observed in epitaxial Bi2(Sr,Ca)3Cu2Ox films grown on tilted (001)SrTiO3 substrate. By tilting the surface normal axis about 4° toward [111]SrTiO3, regular steps and terraces were formed on the substrate surface and perfect alignment of film b axis with incommensurate modulation along [110]SrTiO3 was realized. The film c axis was perpendicular to the (001)SrTiO3 terrace, thus the film c axis grew tilted 4° toward [111] from surface normal due to the surface inclination. In those epitaxial configurations, the in-plane resistivity along the step direction(ρ[110]) involved the contribution from the c-axis(ρc) component, and we observed the large resistivity anisotropy between a- and b- direction of the film. The transport along a axis(ρa) showed a low resistivity with metallic temperature dependence while the resistivity along the step direction(ρ[110]) was higher and semiconductive. The ratio of ρc/ρa ≈ 104 estimated in this experiment agrees well with the anisotropy observed in the bulk single crystal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105990
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of ras gene family as result of compensatory renal growth in mice (1990)
    Springer
    Urological research 18 (1990), S. 251-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Compensatory renal growth ; ras gene family ; Gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have examined several gene expressions during the process of compensatory renal growth in mice following unilateral nephrectomy. On the 3rd, 5th and 7th days after operation in young mice (age: 5w), unilateral nephrectomy induced weight gain of the remaining kidney, but not in adults (age: 15w). It also induced maximum expression of c-H-ras and c-K-ras on the 3rd day in both young and adult mice, but there was no increase in N-ras in either. The expression levels of c-H-ras and c-K-ras were higher in young mice than in adults. However no expression of c-myc was detected at any point. Expression of metallothionein-I (MT-I) gene was detected during the first 12 h after unilateral nephrectomy both in the liver and the contralateral kidney. These data suggest that c-H-ras and c-K-ras gene expressions are in some way related to compensatory renal growth in mice and may be strongly related to hyperplasia in the contralateral kidney.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294767
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectrum of infective endocarditis during infancy and childhood: 20-Year review (1994)
    Springer
    Pediatric cardiology 15 (1994), S. 127-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Keywords: Echocardiography ; Infective endocarditis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The medical records of the 29 patients under 18 years of age with infective endocarditis (IE) seen over a 20-year period by our department were reviewed to provide an overview of the spectrum of IE during infancy and childhood. None of the 29 patients had had previous cardiovascular surgery. The mean age at onset of IE was 7 years 2 months; 3 patients (10%) were under 2 years of age at onset. One patient during the early years died following 4 months of treatment with various antibiotics. Three patients underwent urgent surgery, and 17 patients with healed IE had elective surgery. All of the 20 patients who were operated on survived. The remaining 8 were followed with medical treatment alone. Positive blood cultures were obtained from 24 (83%) patients, and streptococci were still commonly found (38%). Ventricular septal defect (VSD) accounted for 66% of underlying heart diseases and rheumatic heart diseases for 14%. Vegetations were detected in 12 (67%) of 18 patients observed by echocardiography. Among these 12 patients, 1 with VSD underwent urgent tricuspid valve replacement and VSD closure because of worsening congestive heart failure due to progressive tricuspid regurgitation. Echocardiography identifies patients at high risk with IE, though the presence of a vegetation on echocardiography does not necessarily of itself dictate surgical intervention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00796324
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