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  • 1
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Paranasal sinuses, anatomy ; Paranasal sinuses, childhood ; Paranasal sinuses, MR-Imaging ; Sphenoid bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Afin de démontrer les aspects fondamentaux du développement du sinus sphénoïdal pendant l'enfance, nous avons revu l'aspect en IRM du sinus sphénoïdal de 401 patients agés de moins de 15 ans. L'étude de la moelle osseuse, le développement de la pneumatisation, la croissance et le cloisonnement du sinus sphénoïdal ont été explorés en séquences pondérées en T1 et en T2. Le sinus sphénoïdal se présente, en séquence pondérée en T1, avec un signal faible et uniforme (moelle osseuse rouge) chez tous les enfants agés de moins de 4 mois. Ce signal hypo-intense devient hyper-intense (transformation de la moelle osseuse) à partir du 4 ème mois. Le début de la pneumatisation est noté à 13–15 mois. A l'âge de 43–48 mois, la partie antérieure du sinus sphénoïdal est pneumatisée chez 85 % des enfants. La pneumatisation est complète chez tous les patients agés de plus de 10 ans. La croissance dans chaque direction de l'espace est caractéristique. L'apparition d'un septum médian est observée à une fréquence variable par tranche d'âge, avec un maximum de 77 %. Les variations existent dans 4,5 % à 20 % des cas. La connaissance de ce phénomène peut servir de référence pour évaluer le développement normal et anormal du sinus sphénoïdal et être d'un grand intérêt dans le diagnostic et le traitement des affections du sinus sphénoïdal et des régions voisines chez l'enfant.
    Notes: Summary To obtain baseline standards of normal age-related development of the sphenoid sinus during childhood magnetic resonance images of the sphenoid sinus in 401 patients less than 15 years old were reviewed. T1-weighted sagittal and T2-weighted axial scans were evaluated for bone marrow conversion, development of pneumatization, spatial enlargement and septation of the sphenoid sinus. The sphenoid sinus had a uniformely low signal intensity (red bone marrow) on T1-weighted images in all children less than 4 months old. Signal intensity changes from hypo- to hyperintense (bone marrow conversion) started at age of 4 months. Onset of pneumatization was observed in 12% of the patients at age 13–15 months. By age 43–48 months, 85% of the patients showed pneumatization of the anterior part of the sphenoid bone. Pneumatization was complete in all patients older than 10 years. Enlargement of the sinus showed a characteristic profile in each dimension. Median septation was observed irregularly with age, with a maximum of 77%. Septum variants were noticed between 4.5% and 20%. The recognition of this phenomenon may serve as a reference for evaluating normal and abnormal development of the sphenoid sinus and may be of great value for diagnostic and therapeutic management of pathologic conditions of the child's sphenoid sinus and its surrounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Goiter secondary to amyloidosis is rare in clinical practice and only a few descriptions of its radiologic features have been reported. We present the ultrasound and MRI findings of thyroid amyloidosis in a 7-year-old Turkish boy with familial Mediterranean fever.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two neonates, one with complete and one with incomplete birth-related transection of the cervico-thoracic spinal cord, form the basis of this report. Ultrasound and MRI findings in primary diagnosis and follow-up are described. The aim of this contribution is to bring this serious birth complication to the attention of the reader, to present the obstetrical risk factors, to describe the clinical presentation of the newborns and to make suggestions to expand the field of indications for spinal sonography. The value of spinal ultrasound in the first six months of life is stressed, especially in comparison to MRI. For definitive assessment of the lesion (transectional or nontransectional) follow-up ultrasound studies for several weeks are required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 113 (1994), S. 337-344 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Usually follow-up of the healing process of bone fractures is by subjective assessment of standard X-rays, based on the clinician's personal experience. It is therefore impossible to completely avoid misjudgements in the evaluation of the mechanical stability. Other authors have reported that the mechanical response of bony structures to a knock impulse allows a definitive statement about the stiffness of a fracture. The practicability of computerised sonometry in computer-aided evaluation of the mechanical vibration reaction and the acoustic transmission of sound through osseous structures for assessing stability has been proved in experimental and clinical studies. We designed an animal study that would allow a systematic correlation between the diagnostic investigations in general use. As a main goal, this study tries to correlate sonography with other quantitative techniques, even if they are not used under everyday clinical conditions. Our results show that methods based on direct assessment of the mechanical stability between fracture fragments allow a more exact evaluation of fracture healing. This study helps to classify the results of computerised sonometry together with other diagnostic procedures used for the evaluation of fracture healing, and furthermore provides a basis for clinical interpretation of the findings of a new, non-invasive technique for precise quantitative assessment of fracture healing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 378 (1993), S. 136-138 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Zervikale Rückenmarkverletzung ; Magnetresonanztomographie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Ziel dieses Kasuistik ist es, anhand von 4 Fallbeispielen zervikaler Rückenmarkverletzungen die möglichen therapeutischen Konsequenzen zu erläutern, die sich aus der Magnetresonanztomographie ergeben. Die neurologischen Defizite wurden nach der 5stufigen Frankel-Klassifikation eingeteilt. Bei 3 Verletzten wurden intramedulläre Hämatome dargestellt, wobei zusätzlich eine Kompression von außen in Form eines Knochenfragments und einmal ein epidurales Hämatom ohne Kompression bestanden. Ein Patient wurde wegen neurologischer Ausfälle von einem auswärtigen Krankenhaus direkt der Magnetresonanztomographie zugewiesen, wobei sich als Ursache eine Spinalkanalstenose bei einer Berstungsfraktur zeigte. Therapeutisch war 2mal eine Rückenmarkdekompression mit ventraler Spondylodese und einmal die Montage eines Halofixateurs erforderlich. Bei einem Patienten konnte aufgrund der Magnetresonanztomographie auf jegliche chirurgische Intervention verzichtet wurden.
    Notes: Abstract We report the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of cervical spine injuries with neurological deficit and the implications such information might have in the management of acute spinal cord injuries. Four cases are presented that were neurologically classified according to the 5-step Frankel scale. Three patients presented with an intramedullary hemorrhage. One of these patients showed additional mild compression of the spinal cord due to a retropulsed bony fragment, and one an epidural hematoma without any evidence of spinal cord compression. The fourth patient had compression of the spinal cord secondary to bony fragments from a burst fracture. We carried out two decompressions of the spinal cord by removing the disc and bony fragments. In addition, we performed two interbody fusions. In one patient we applied a halo vest, and in one case surgical intervention was not necessary after MRI assessment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Childhood central nervous system tumors ; Survival Cognitive deficits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the finding at follow-up in 67 consecutive children with central nervous system tumors treated over a 5-year-period at a single institution. The diagnoses were supratentorial astrocytoma (n = 12), cerebellar astrocytoma (n = 10), ependymoma (n = 9), medulloblastoma (n = 9), brain stem glioma (n = 6), optic pathway glioma (n = 5), and others (n = 16). The survival rates were 83% for supratentorial astrocytomas at a median of 46.5 months, 90% for cerebellar astrocytomas and 55% for ependymomas at 40 months, respectively, 55% for medulloblastomas at 22 months, 33% for brain stem gliomas at 23 months, and 80% for optic pathway gliomas at 49 months. With regard to neurological sequelae, 13 patients were treated for epilepsy, 13 patients had mild to moderate neurological deficits, and 4 patients were severely disabled. Seventeen of 37 tested patients performed below average on formal neuropsychometric testing, one-fourth attended special education courses, and at least one-fourth suffered from behavioral and adjustment problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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