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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Regional perfusion ; Dye dilution ; Leakage monitoring ; Regionale Perfusion ; Farbstoffverdünnung ; Leckbestimmung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Tierexperiment am Hund (n = 13) prüften wir die Anwendung des Farbstoffes Evans blau als Indikator zur Kontrolle der Kreislaufisolierung einer Extremität während regionaler Perfusion. Nach i.v. Gabe von 0,1 ml/kg Körpergewicht einer 0,5%igen Evans-Blau-Lösung in den Körperkreislauf bestimmten wir die Plasmakonzentration des Farbstoffes mittels eines Spektralsphotometers. Wir ermittelten das Plasmavolumen (5,5 ml/100 g Körpergewicht) und die Eliminationsgeschwindigkeit des Farbstoffes (10%/h). Im zweiten Arbeitsansatz wurde nach Anschluß der versorgenden Gefäße der Extremität an eine extracorporale Kreislaufeinheit, bestehend aus Rollerpumpe, Oxygenator und Wärmeaustauscher, die Kreislaufisolierung der Extremität geprüft und die Situation eines Lecks nachgeahmt. Mit dieser modifizierten Farbstoffverdünnungsmethode war es uns möglich, „Shunt-Mengen“ von 1% des extracorporalen Kreislaufvolumens nachzuweisen. Bei der verwendeten Farbstoffkonzentration ergaben sich keine Hinweise für Toxizität. Das im Tierexperiment standardisierte Verfahren verwendeten wir bei 132 Patienten während regionaler hyperthermer Perfusion der Extremitäten. Bei 20 Patienten bestimmten wir ein Leck von weniger als 5%, bei 104 Patienten 5–10%, bei acht Patienten ein Leck von 10–20% des extracorporalen Kreislaufvolumens. Die Vorteile dieser Methode sind die einfache Handhabung, die fehlende Toxizität und Strahlenbelastung und der geringe finanzielle Aufwand.
    Notes: Summary In experiments on dogs (n = 13) we tested a procedure for estimating leakage during regional perfusion of the extremity by means of a dye dilution method. After systematic application of 0.5% Evans blue solution (0.1 ml/kg b.w.) we measured the dye concentration in plasma by means of a spectral photometer. The plasma volume (5.5 ml/100 g b.w.) and the disappearance rate of the dye (10%/h) were calculated. In a second procedure the supplying artery and vein of the extremity were proximally clamped and distally connected to an extracorporeal circulation unit consisting of oxygenator, pump, and heat exchanger, and the isolation of the extremity was tested. By simulation of leakage it was possible to detect a little amount of shunt of about 1% escaping from isolated region into the systemic circulation. There were no hints to toxicity when the same dye concentration was applied. The standardized method was used during 132 cytostatic hyperthermic perfusions in man. In 20 patients we determined shunts of less than 5%, in 104 patients shunts between 5 and 10%, and in eight patients shunts of 10–20% of the extracorporeal circulation. The benefits of the described method are simplicity to carry out and missing of toxicity or radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Antireflux-surgery ; Postoperative obstruction to flow ; Postoperative kidney function ; Tubulo-secretory and glomerular partial function ; Correlation between PAH and isotope clearance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A ureteroneocystostomy (UNC) was carried out on 32 dogs. A standardised measurement of flow across the ureterovesical anastomosis revealed a significant obstruction on the day of the operation itself and on the first 5 days after the operation. On the 1st, 7th and 28th day after the operation there was no significant reduction in either tubulosecretory or glomerular function on the operated and non-operated kidneys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Anti-reflux surgery ; Ureteroneocystostomy, Histology of urine retention ; Histology of the vesicoureteral operation area
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This report deals with the macroscopic and microscopic histopathological findings of the upper urinary tract following a unilateral ureteroneocystostomy (UNC) in dogs. Both sides, operated and unoperated, were examined. The area of antireflux surgery was of particular significance. The decrease of flow which was always present on the operated side was caused by submucosal oedema of the bladder and not by the fatty tissue deposited intramurally or by the bladder muscle itself. The morphological findings were less pronounced than was to be expected following the significant obstruction on the operated side caused by anti-reflux surgery (ARS) and shown by the flow measurement and the sequential findings on scintigraphy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 187 (1987), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Regional perfusion ; Miniature equipment ; In vitro experiments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A simple, reliable and efficient miniaturized extracorporeal circulation system for the use in small animals, especially for the perfusion of rat hind limbs, has been described. The system consists of a newly devised bubble oxygenator and heat exchanger and of commercially available roller pumps, polyethylene cannulas and silicone tubes. The minimal and maximal priming volume of the entire system is 4.7 and 16.7 ml, respectively. The efficiency of the system is reflected in a high value of oxygen uptake in the range of 0.061 ml O2·min−1·ml−1 blood, a heat transfer coefficient ranging from 0.96 to 0.31 at flow rates between 1 and 20 ml·min−1, a low pulsation amplitude of the roller pump, a constant flow resistance at the arterial cannula, which implies optimal flow conditions, and in a low blood trauma with plasma hemoglobin concentrations of 47.5 ± 5mg dl−1 after 60min of in vitro perfusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 184 (1984), S. 115-123 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Regional perfusion ; Hyperthermia ; Muscular metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In experiments with dogs (n=43), we studied the influence of different temperatures on the hind leg subjected to an isolated perfusion over a period of 1 and 2 h. The main supplying vessels of a hind leg were clamped, cannulated, and connected to an extracorporeal circulation unit which consisted of a roller pump, an oxygenator, and a heat exchanger. Whole blood was used for the regional perfusion at a flow rate of 10 ml·min−1·100 g−1 of tissue. Intramuscular (i.m.) temperatures were set at 38°, 40°, 42°, and 43.5°C, respectively. The perfusion pressure, the osmotic resistance of the erythrocytes and the metabolic status in specimens of skeletal muscle obtained at the end of the perfusion period or after an 8-day follow-up observation served as parameters. A perfusion of 1 and 2 h at temperatures of up to 42°C did not result in alterations of the energy metabolism. When the i.m. temperature was raised to 43.5°C, a significant decrease in muscular high-energy compounds and an accumulation of lactate occurred. Only under this condition was there a rise in the perfusion pressure and a drastic reduction in the blood pH value in the venous line of the extracorporeal circulation. Acidosis and hyperthermia of 43.5°C produced a marked reduction in the osmotic resistance of the erythrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Liver surgeryv ; Regional perfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Leber des Hundes wurde von der Gefäßversorgung abgeriegelt, mit Hilfe eines neu entwickelten Kathetersystems und eines Perfusionsaggregates 1 h normotherm und in Rezirkulation perfundiert. Kreislaufparameter, Blutgasanalysen und Gewebsgehalte der Stoffwechselmetabolite wurden zur Beurteilung der Methode herangezogen. Das venöse Blut aus der unteren Körperhälfte und dem portalen Stromgebiet (1,113 l/min) konnten über das Kathetersystem zum Herzen zurückgeführt werden, so daß der mittlere arterielle Systemdruck im Normbereich blieb. Bei einem Perfusionsfluß durch die Leber von 0,55 ml/min/g und einem Perfusionsdruck von 10 cm H2O war eine ausreichende Sauerstoffzufuhr gewährleistet, welcher auch in den Blutgasanalysen und in den Stoffwechseluntersuchungen zum Ausdruck kam. Mit der Anwendung einer Farbstoffverdünnungsmethode wurde die Kreislaufisolierung der Leber geprüft; dabei waren lediglich Leckmengen von 6–7% des gesamten Perfusionskreislaufvolumens festzustellen. Das neue Verfahren ermöglicht eine einstündige, normotherme, isolierte Leberperfusion ohne das gesunde Gewebe irreversibel zu schädigen.
    Notes: Summary The canine liver was isolated from its blood supply and perfused for one hour normothermically by means of a new catheter and a perfusion system consisting of oxygenator, pump and heat-exchanger. Hemodynamic parameters, blood gas analyses, and tissue metabolites were evaluated during the experiments. The venous return from the lower body and portal vein (1.113 1/min) could be maintained with the catheter system so that the mean systemic arterial pressure was within normal limits. With a perfusion rate through the liver of 0,55 ml/min/g and perfusion pressure of 10 cm H2O there was an adequate tissue perfusion; this was also shown by blood gas analyses and tissue metabolite concentrations. Using dye dilution methods the isolation of the liver was tested. This showed a leakage of 6–7% of the total perfusion volume. This new method makes it possible to carry out an isolated, normothermic, liver perfusion for one hour without irreversible tissue damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 361 (1983), S. 914-914 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Sessile polyp ; Small carcinoma of the rectum ; Transanal excisions ; Endoscopic surgery ; Breitbasiger Polyp ; Kleines Rectumcarcinom ; Transanale Abtragung ; Endoskopische Chirurgie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir können mit einem neu entwickelten Instrumentarium unter endoskopischer Kontrolle in der Rectumhöhle differenzierte, chirurgische Eingriffe bis in 20 cm Höhe durchführen. Dazu wird die Rectumhöhle unter kombinierter mechanischer und pneumatischer Dehnung entfaltet und der zu operierende Prozeß mit einer stereoskopischen Winkeloptik eingestellt. Für die Operation können bis zu 4 Instrumente gleichzeitig eingesetzt werden. Wir haben Schleimhautexcisionen von 3 cm Durchmesser nach POR (Ornipressin)-Unterspritzung vorgenommen und den entstandenen Defekt mit einer fortlaufenden Naht verschlossen.
    Notes: Summary The use of newly designed instruments allows surgical operations in the rectum up to 20 cm from the dentate line under endoscopic control. The rectum has to be widened by a combination of mechanical and pneumatic dilatation. The stereoscopic oblique-angle instrument is adjusted to the operation-area. We can use up to four instruments simultaneously. After injection of POR (ornipressin) into the mucosa we have excised areas 3 cm in diameter. The defect is closed by continuous suture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Restriction of animal tests ; Medical technique ; Tierversuchseinschränkung ; Medizintechnik
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für die Entwicklung, Erprobung und Weiterbildung in der Chirurgie sind Tierversuche nicht immer zwingend erforderlich. Am Beispiel der neuen Methode zur „Transanalen Endoskopischen Operation” wird gezeigt, wie Phantommodelle sinnvoll die oben aufgeführte Aufgabenstellung übernehmen können. Mit der so entwickelten Technik sind seit 1983 85 Rectumeingriffe am Menschen mit Erfolg durchgeführt worden.
    Notes: Summary For the development, testing and further modification of surgical techniques, experiments with animals are not always vitally necessary. The example of the new method for the “transanal endoscopic operation” will demonstrate how phantom models can replace the tests formerly required. Since 1983, successful rectal operations have been performed by this new surgical method, which was developed using the phantom model technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ; creatine phosphate (CP) ; contractile recovery ; rat heart ; contractile failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content of isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts may be increased by more than 40% above the normal value by a 2-h perfusion with adenosine (15 μmol/l). This metabolic manipulation was used to investigate the hypothetical relationship between total tissue ATP content and ischaemia-induced contractile failure, ischaemic contracture and post-ischaemic functional recovery. Adenosine perfused hearts were submitted to 20 min of normothermic ischaemia and reperfused for 45 min with or without adenosine. Control experiments were performed with adenosine-free preischaemic perfusion. In identically designed experiments the tissue-protective effect of diltiazem (0.5 μmol/l) was determined and compared with the experiments with adenosine. At the end of 120 min of preischaemic perfusion, the ATP content of the adenosine treated hearts was 34.3±1.8 μmol/g dry weight (control=23.6±1.9 μmol/g, p〈0.01). After a period of 20 min of normothermic ischaemia, the ATP content of the adenosine hearts decreased to 13.3± .4 μmol/g, whereas ATP fell to 8.3±1.6 μmol/g in the control hearts. The creatine phosphate (CP) levels of adenosine hearts were significantly lower than those of the control group before ischaemia, but did not show major differences following ischaemia. During ischaemia, the contractile activity measured via an intraventricular balloon catheter, as well as ischaemic contracture did not differ between the adenosine and control hearts. The inclusion of diltiazem into the perfusate significantly delayed the onset of contracture. After 45 min of reperfusion, ATP contents of adenosine and control hearts reached similar values (8.4±2.3 and 8.3±2.9 μmol/g, respectively). Inclusion of adenosine (15 μmol/l in the reperfusion perfusate of the adenosine experiments prevented a further decrease, but did not increase tissue ATP content. CP values of all groups showed a partial recovery upon reperfusion, they did not differ significantly. Contractile recovery was equal in all experimental groups except for the diltiazem treated hearts, which showed during the first 10 min of reperfusion an improved mechanical performance. It is concluded that total tissue ATP is not necessarily a good indicator of functional capabilities under conditions of normothermic ischaemia and reperfusion in the isolated rat heart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: myocardial adenine nucleotides ; myocardial metabolic status ; increase in nucleotides by adenosine ; adenosine ; adenosine + caffeine ; adenosine + xylometazoline ; adenosine + norepinephrine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In anaesthetized rabbits, the i.v. application of 1% adenosine (Ado) for 3 hours at a rate of 4 ml·h−1·kg−1 body weight increased the myocardial tissue levels of adenine nucleotides (AN) above the normal values by 39%. This increase in ATP and the sum of AN is a metabolic effect of the continuous and high supply of Ado and does not result from the Ado-induced systemic hypotension: Neither a comparable hypotension and reduction of circulatory work induced by phentolamine nor a massive volume loading caused changes in the AN. The compensation of the Ado-induced hypotension by a simultaneous i.v. application of caffeine or xylometazoline did not interfere with the accumulation of AN. The increase in AN was less pronounced, if norepinephrine was infused to maintain normotension. The increase in AN occurred in left and right ventricular myocardium to a similar extent, although the pressure-volume-work of the left ventricle decreased, and that of the right ventricle increased during Ado-application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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