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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of four staining methods on the detection of neuritic plaques (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 22-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neuritic plaques ; Alzheimer disease ; Down syndrome ; Normal aging ; Immunostaining
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sensitivities of four staining methods for detecting the presence of neuritic plaques in the normal aging. Alzheimer disease (AD) and Down's syndrome (DS) brains were compared. The Bielschowsky method and immunostaining with monoclonal antibody (4G8, IgG2b) to β-amyloid revealed the highest numbers of plaques. The thioflavin S-staining method showed about 38%–70% of plaques as shown by the Bielschowsky method. The Bodian method is the least sensitive method revealing about 26%–39% of plaques as compared with the Bielschowsky method. In the first part of this study, serial sections (6 μm) of the plaques from AD and DS brains were cut and stained with Bielschowsky, thioflavin S and Bodian methods, respectively. In the second part, Bielschowsky and immunostaining methods were used to stain serial sections (6 μm) of plaques from the same block of brain tissue. A Zeiss Axiophot fluorescence microscope, coupled with the Cambridge Quantiment 970 and Zeiss Videoplan computerized image analyzers, was used to quantify the number of plaques. Both Bielschowsky and immunostaining methods revealed the presence of both the peripheral zone (halo) and the central core of a classical plaque and resulted in the highest plaque counts. The central core of the thioflavin S-stained plaques were still clearly present, but the peripheral zone was barely visible. In Bodian stain, however, both central core and peripheral zone were poorly stained and not detectable by computer. They were quantified by human eye observation. The Bielschowsky method and immunostaining with pretreatment with formic acid are, therefore, the most sensitive methods showing the highest contrast of plaque image and thus facilitate the quantification of plaque by computer. However, Bielschowsky method is not a specific method for plaques. It stains neurofibrillary tangles and blood vessels regardless of whether they have amyloid deposits or not. Immunostaining is a sensitive and specific method for amyloid and exhibits low background staining. It confirmed that all Bielschowsky-stained plaques contained amyloid deposit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687398
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatography of volatile fatty acids as tert-butyidimethylsilyl esters (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 522-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Volatile fatty acids ; tert-Butyldimethylsilyl esters ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100910
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of measurements of the viscoelastic properties of polymer melts by means of the Han slit/capillary rheometer and the Weissenberg rheogoniometer (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Measurements were taken of the viscoelastic properties of six polymer melts by mean of the Weissenberg rheogoniometer and the Han slit/capillary rheometer. Polymers in vestigated were three high-density polyethylenes of different polydispersity, a low-density polyethylene, a polypropylene, and a polystyrene. The range of shear rates tested was from about 5.0 × 10-3 to 10 sec-1 with the Weissenberg rheogoniometer, from about 10 to 102 sec-1 with the slit rheometer, and from about 102 and 103 with the capillary rheometer: the temperature of measurement was 200°C. The three different apparatuses give consistent results over almost six decades of shear rates, yielding satisfactory correlations of shear viscosity to shear rate and of normal stress difference to shear rate.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070170107
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid hydrolysis of Jerusalem artichoke for ethanol fermentation (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 138-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260280124
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid hydrolysis of sweet potato for ethanol production (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 316-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Studies were conducted to establish optimal conditions for the acid hydrolysis of sweet potato for maximal ethanol yield. The starch contents of two sweet potato cultivars (Georgia Red and TG-4), based on fresh weight, were 21.1 ± 0.6% and 27.5 ± 1.6%, respectively. The results of acid hydrolysis experiments showed the following: (1) both hydrolysis rate and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) concentration were a function of HCL concentration, temperature, and time; (2) the reducing sugars were rapidly formed with elevated concentrations of HCl and temperature, but also destroyed quickly; and (3) HMF concentration increased significantly with the concentration of HCl, temperature, and hydrolysis time.Maximum reducing sugar value of 84.2 DE and 0.056% HMF (based on wet weight) was achieved after heating 8% SPS for 15 min in 1N HCl at 110°C. Degraded 8% SPS (1N HCl, 97°C for 20 min or 110°C for 10 min) was utilized as substrate for ethanol fermentation and 3.8% ethanol (v/v) was produced from 1400 mL fermented wort. This is equal to 41.6 g ethanol (200 proof) from 400 g of fresh sweet potato tuber (Georgia Red) or an ethanol yield potential of 431 gal of 200-proof ethanol/acre (from 500 bushel tubers/acre).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270316
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drop-size distributions from pneumatic atomizers (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 17 (1971), S. 575-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A study was made of the atomizing characteristics of convergent-type pneumatic nozzles. Drop-size correlations were obtained for the following ranges: drop size, 6 to 350 μ, mass median diameter; mass flow ratio, 0.06 to 40; relative velocity, 250 ft./sec. to sonic velocity; and viscosity. 1 to 50 cp. The technique employed was to spray cool a molten wax, and melts of wax-polyethylene mixtures. The most important operating variables in pneumatic atomization are the dynamic force of the atomizing gas, and the mass flow ratio of air to liquid. The cumulative volume drop-size distribution of spray from a pneumatic nozzle was fitted by a modified logistic equation. Empirical correlations developed in the study can be used to design nozzles or to predict drop size for sprays produced by the types of nozzles studied. In particular, this study provides new experimental data on the performance of pneumatic atomizers in producing relatively large drops.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690170318
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion in nickel oxide pellets-effects of sintering and reduction (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 670-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Diffusion rates were measured at 25°C and 1 atm by a steady state method in pellets of nonporous nickel oxide particles in order to determine the effects of sintering and chemical reduction. Sintering led to a striking decrease in diffusion flux; tortuosities above 100 were found for highly sintered (porosity 0.03) pellets. Reduction caused a sharp increase in diffusion rate when the original pellet was highly sintered. For an originally unsintered pellet the diffusion rate decreased with extent of reduction.These phenomena were explained quantitatively by using: (1) the random pore model to predict tortuosity factors for an unsintered, unreduced pellet, and (2) the extent of pore interconnections and the fractional reduction to treat the effects of sintering and reduction. In this way an approximate, predictive equation was derived which contained no arbitrary parameters and which required for application only data on porosity and extent of chemical reduction.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200407
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