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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The doublet microtubules of rods of the rabbit retina (1982)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 165 (1982), S. 315-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Rabbit photoreceptor ; Retina ; Microtubules ; Protofilaments ; Connecting cilium ; Outer doublets ; Microtubule assembly ; Tubulin of oligomers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The connecting cilium of the rabbit photoreceptor rod is composed of nine outer doublets, lacking dynein side arms. The central singlet microtubules are absent. In cross section, there is an inner dense ring situated between the doublets and the center core of the cilium. As the doublet microtubules progress from the connecting region into outer segments, the cylindrical array of the nine pairs of doublets spreads out as a brush-like arrangement into the incisure cavity of the outer segment. The microtubules continue as doublets for much of the length of the outer segment. The B-tubules terminate first; the A-tubules extend as single tubules into the apical region of the photoreceptor. Before the B-tubules end, they open up, forming hook-shaped projections from the A-tubules. The gradual reduction in length of these hook-shaped structures suggests that near their distal ends each B-tubule opens because of the separation of protofilament 1 of the B-tubule from protofilament 1 of the adjacent A-tubule. Subsequently, the B-tubule protofilaments terminate individually.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305570
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The limbic zone of the rabbit and rat claustrum: a study of the claustrocingulate connections based on the retrograde axonal transport of fluorescent tracers (2000)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 201 (2000), S. 15-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Claustrum ; Limbic system ; Cerebral cortex ; Claustrocortical connections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The claustrum is a subcortical structure lying under the insular and piriform cortices, whose function is still not clear. Although data exist on connections of the claustrum and the limbic cortex, the topography of the limbic zone in the rabbit and rat claustrum has not been studied extensively. The study was performed on 17 adult Wistar rats and 12 New Zealand rabbits. Two percent water solutions of fluorescent retrograde tracers fast blue and nuclear yellow were injected into the various regions of the limbic cortex. The limbic zone is localized throughout the whole rostrocaudal extent of the claustrum, mainly in its ventromedial portion lying close to the external capsule. Although this zone of the claustrum is localized similarly in both rat and rabbit, some differences between these two species exist. In the rat, neurons projecting to all limbic areas are localized mainly in the anterior and central parts of the claustrum, whereas in the rabbit, the majority of the neurons projecting to the cingulate cortex are present in the anterior and central parts of this structure, while neurons sending axons to the retrosplenial cortex are localized in the central and posterior parts. In both species, double-labeling study showed that neurons projecting to various limbic regions are intermingled and that neurons sending axons into two different limbic regions are seen only occasionally. Our findings give support to the role of the claustrum in integrating information between different areas of the cerebral cortex and the limbic system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008225
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intermitochondrial septate structures in dystrophic axons (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 52 (1980), S. 105-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neuroaxonal dystrophy ; Mitochondria ; Membranes ; Junctions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intermitochondrial septate structures were found in the dystrophic axons of two cases of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. Septate structures were previously seen in some tumors (glioblastomas and Schwannomas) and several organs of vertebrates and invertebrates, but never in human central nervous system (CNS). The structures were studied by transmission and transmission tilt electron microscopy. A proposed model was constructed and X-rayed. Artist's depictions are shown and described. The intermitochondrial septate structures have a periodicity of 120 Å which puts them within the range of those structures previously reported. It was found that our structures are not true junctions, but a complex interdigitation of the outer membranes of the involved mitochondria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688007
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purkinje cell dendritic development in experimental phenylketonuria (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 53 (1981), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Dendrites ; Purkinje cells ; Golgi stain ; Experimental phenylketonuria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A comparison was made of cerebellar dendritic development in the normal rat and in a new model of phenylketonuria, the phenylacetate-treated suckling rat. Golgi stain analysis of the Purkinje cells shows striking regional variations in the dendritic growth. These variations were observed in both the control and phenylacetate-treated animals and were especially striking before 15 days of life. Quantitative analysis of the dendritic tree revealed, in the phenylacetate-treated rat, a significant reduction in the total number of dendritic branches. However, the individual terminal dendritic length was largely unaltered. These effects of phenylacetate differ from those of deafferentation and starvation. Results of this investigation clearly define the harmful effects of phenylacetate on developing neurons and are compatible with the clinical observation that brain damage in phenylketonuria occurs mainly during the first few years of life, the critical period of neuronal development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689990
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural cytochemical studies of cerebral microvasculature in scrapie infected mice (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 53 (1981), S. 203-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ultrastructural cytochemistry ; Plasma membrane phosphatases ; Blood-brain barrier ; Scrapie ; Endothelial cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Alkaline phosphatase, 5′-nucleotidase nucleoside diphosphatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase activities were studied by cytochemical method applied to electron microscopy of brain microvasculature in normal and scrapie infected mice. In control mice, the major location of all phosphatases studied was the luminal plasma membrane of the endothelial cells. In scrapie infected mice, changes in activity and distribution of the above mentioned phosphatases manifested themselves in the appearance of the reaction product on the abluminal side of the vessel wall. Our data presents evidence that following scrapie infection, these enzymes change their specific localization along the endothelial cell membranes. These enzymatic changes may serve as useful indicators of some alterations in the mammalian blood-brain barrier following infection by scrapie agent in the mouse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688023
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo effect of sera from animals with chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis on central and peripheral myelin (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 55 (1981), S. 297-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Chronic relapsing EAE ; Serum-induced demyelination ; Central demyelination ; Peripheral demyelination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sera from guinea pigs with acute or chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) were injected into the lumbosacral subarachnoid space of normal recipient rats. Seventeen of 37 sera induced demyelination in the CNS, and 27 of 37 sera caused demyelinated peripheral nerve fibers in the roots. The highest incidence of demyelinating activity of EAE sera was noted in those from donor animals sampled during the early chronic stage of the disease [40–100 days post sensitization (dps)]. Only few sera from animals sampled during the acute and subacute stage (10–40 dps) were able to induce demyelination. Sera from animals sampled between 100 and 200 dps showed a lower incidence of demyelinating activity as compared to those from the early chronic phase of the disease. There was no clear-cut correlation between the serum-demyelinating activity and the severity of the demyelinating disease in the donor animals. The patterns of demyelination in the central as well as peripheral nervous system of recipient animals were characterized by vesicular disruption of myelin or myelin stripping. Myelin degradation was performed mainly by macrophages. In the CNS some astrocytes also contained debris. Astrocytes increased in size, and mitosis of astrocytes was observed. Oligodendrocytes appeared to be unaffected. No demyelination was found when the sera from animals sensitized with CFA alone or with guinea pig liver tissue were injeted into the subarachnoid space of normal recipient rats. Two possible mechanisms of demyelination are diseussed: Antibody-mediated complement-dependent and antibody-dependent cell-mediated demyelination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690994
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural morphology of amyloid fibrils from neuritic and amyloid plaques (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 60 (1983), S. 113-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyloid ; Alzheimers disease ; Scrapie ; EM ; Isolation ; Gerstmann-Sträussler syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of partially purified, CNS amyloid fibrils from three different sources have been compared by negative stain EM. The fibrils isolated from brains with senile dementia of Alzheimer type were 4–8 nm in diameter, narrowing every 30–40 nm and apparently composed of two 2–4 nm filaments. The fibrils from a Gerstmann-Sträussler syndrome brain were 7–9 nm in diameter, narrowing every 70–80 nm and with a suggestion that they are composed of two 3–5 nm filaments. The fibrils isolated from 87V scrapie-affected mouse brains were 4–8 nm in diameter with a twist every 15–25 nm presumably composed of two 2–4 nm filaments. The fibrils from the scrapie brains were usually observed in pairs. The shape of the clusters of the isolated amyloid fibrils observed in each disease was similar in negative stain and thin section EM preparations and was related to the characteristic morphology of the amyloid fibrils in the neuritic and amyloid plaques in situ. The structural differences between the CNS amyloid fibrils from the various diseases studied by us may reflect differences in the polypeptides which comprise the fibril and/or a different pathogenesis in the formation of the amyloid fibrils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685355
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical localization of aluminum in the rabbit CNS (1985)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 68 (1985), S. 175-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Aluminum localization ; Nucleolus ; Ribosomal RNA ; DNA ; Astrocytic process
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Aluminum was observed in the nucleolus, interchromatin granules, rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, euchromatin, and the heterochromatin of the neuron. The association of aluminum with the first four r-RNA-containing cellular components and with the last two DNA-containing chromatins suggests the association of aluminum with the nucleic acids. The aluminum may interfere with the normal mechanism of the protein synthesis of r-RNA and of the transcription or gene modulation of DNA. Aluminum was also observed in the astrocytic process and in the nuclei of endothelial cells, pericytes, and the muscle cells of the blood vessels. The detection of aluminum in the pyrimidal cells of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and in the spinal cord neurons, was observed 1 h after i. v. injection, indicating a rapid entry of aluminum from the injection site through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to the neurons. Using Morin stain, pyramidal neurons of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, motoneurons of spinal cord, ganglion cells, and bipolar cells of retina and Purkinje cells of cerebellum, exhibited yellow fluoroscence, with peak intensitiy at 560 nm. Tangles were observed in these six types of neurons. The granule cells of hippocampus and cerebellum and the photoreceptors of the retina exhibited green fluorescence with the peak intensity at 490–500 nm. Tangles were not observed in these three types of neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690191
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultracytochemical studies of vesicular and canalicular transport structures in the injured mammalian blood-brain barrier (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 61 (1983), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Blood-brain barrier ; Endothelial cells ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Native ferritin ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Pinocytic transport system ; Canalicular transport system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ultracytochemical investigation was performed to study the origin of pinocytic vesicles and canalicular structures within endothelial cells (EC) of the injured mammalian blood-brain barrier (BBB). To accomplish this goal, two electron-dense tracers, native ferritin (NF) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), were used in conjunction with the detection of alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, a known marker of EC plasmalemma of brain micro-blood vessels. Brain ECs from (1) mice subjected to crude leptomeningeal damage for 1, 2, or 3 days and (2) cats subjected to cold lesion injury for 1, 4, or 24h were evaluated for tracer transport and AP activity. Fine structural analysis of leaking segments of micro-blood vessels from damaged cerebral cortex or basal ganglia demonstrated pinocytic vesicles, deep invaginations of the luminal plasmalemma and elongated, tubular profiles, all containing tracer. Because we observed in ECs from both experimental models of brain injury a positive reaction for AP activity in the luminal plasmalemma, in its deep invaginations, in deliminating membranes of pinocytic vesicles, and in tubulo-canalicular structures, we conclude that all types of transport structures derive from the same 100Å thick exoplasmic plasmalemmal membranes. Further, besides the pinocytic vesicular transport system (PTS), the canalicular transport system (CTS) appears to serve as an additional important mechanism for macromolecular transport across the damaged mammalian BBB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691992
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental phenylketonuria: Effect of phenylacetate intoxication on number of synapses in the cerebellar cortex of the rat (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 61 (1983), S. 313-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Synaptic density ; Phenylketonuria ; Phenylacetate neurotoxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In experimental phenylketonuria, induced in the rat by exposure to phenylacetate during the first 21 days of life, there was a significant reduction of boutons, a decrease of an average of 25% in the whole cerebellar molecular layer. Both the density of synaptic profiles per square unit and the number of synapses per unit volume were decreased in the phenylacetatetreated rat as compared to the age-matched control. Neuronal density was unaffected. Results are interpreted to show a deficit of synapses per neuron, probably due to a decrease in synaptic formation in phenylacetate-induced phenylketonuria. Undernutrition was eliminated as a contributing factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692004
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