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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 57 (1985), S. 614-616 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 12 (1985), S. 189-214 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Two effects are of outstanding importance for the mechanical behaviour of polymer-additive mixtures, (a) the plasticizer effect and (b) an effect, which we shall refer to as the “β-suppression” effect: Additives can suppress the secondary (β-) relaxations of the polymer. The β-suppression effect is studied on a number of polymers and additives (dynamic mechanical and dielectric measurements), the molecular motions involved are characterized (2H-NMR spectroscopy) and the thermal density fluctuations are measured (SAXS experiments). A model to explain the effect in terms of the free volume fluctuations is presented.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 189 (1988), S. 851-861 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In order to modify the properties of low density polyethylene (LDPE), the radically initiated polymerization of ethylene can be performed at pressures below 1200 bar and moderately high temperatures. Under such conditions the reaction mixture separates into a less dense phase, rich in monomer, and a dense phase, rich in polymer. The polymerization proceeds mainly in the monomer-rich phase. When the polymer concentration exceeds the solubility limit, polymer precipitates from the monomer-rich phase and moves into the polymer-rich phase. By polymerization under two-phase conditions, polyethylene resins with a narrow molecular weight distribution can be obtained.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The photoconductive properties of a series of polysiloxanes with pendant carbazolyl groups (1a - c) are described. In these polymers the carbazole moieties are separated from the siloxane backbone by alkylene spacers of different length. The properties of the novel compounds are compared with the well known photoconductor poly(N-vinylcarbazole) and the model compound N-isopropylcarbazole. Effective charge carrier mobilities were measured by means of the time-of-flight technique. Polymer 1a exhibits the largest carrier mobility of the three polysiloxanes. The mobilities for polymers 1b and 1c are somewhat smaller and comparable to poly(N-vinylcarbazole). The transport of charge carriers in an amorphous material can be described as a hopping process. The activation energy for that process was calculated from the temperature dependence of the carrier mobility. The polysiloxanes 1a - c show the same activation energy of about 0,6 eV. The activation energies in poly(N-vinylcarbazole) and N-isopropylcarbazole are of the same magnitude as in the polysiloxanes. Two different models were used for evaluating the mobility data. The field dependence of the carrier mobility is best described by a modified version of Gill's model whereas no distinction between the two models could be made from the temperature dependence of the mobility.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 24 (1986), S. 191-197 
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 18-22 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Problems related to the measurement of IR-drop free potentials in the presence of compensating currentsFor supervision of the cathodic protection of pipelines the potentials must be measured free from ohmic drops. In general, off-potentials are measured in this context. By this technique only the ohmic drops caused by the protection current can be eliminated, but not the ohmic drops caused by compensating or cell currents. With the help of simulated tests it can be shown that it is possible to calculate true potentials using pipe-to-soil potentials and potential gradients at the soil surface for “on” and “off” conditions. Errors associated with reference electrodes have a strong influence on the calculated values. Practical examples show that completely unreasonable values can be obtained.Possibilities leading to errors of reference electrodes are discussed. Electrodes with KCl or NH4NO3 electrolytes are to be preferred. Further possibilities of errors related to soil parameters require additional detailed investigations.
    Notes: Für die Überwachung des kathodischen Korrosionsschutzes von Rohrleitungen müssen die Potentiale möglichst frei von ohmschen Spannungsabfällen gemessen werden. Hierzu wird im allgemeinen die Ausschaltmethode angewendet. Dabei lassen sich aber nur die ohmschen Spannungsabfälle des Schutzstromes, nicht die von Element- oder Ausgleichsströmen eliminieren. Mit Hilfe von Modellbetrachtungen kann gezeigt werden, daß eine Berechnung der wahren Potentiale gelingt, wenn Ein- und Ausschaltwerte von Potentialen und Potentialgradienten auf der Erdoberfläche vorliegen. Dabei gehen aber mit einem großen Faktor Elektrodenfehler der Bezugselektroden ein. Praktische Beispiele zeigen, daß völlig unvernünftige Resultate erhalten werden können.Es werden mehrere Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, die als Ursachen für Elektrodenfehler infrage kommen. Demnach sind Bezugselektroden-Systeme mit KCl oder NH4NO3-Lösungen vorzuziehen. Weitere Fehlerursachen, die im wesentlichen auf bodenseitige Parameter zurückzuführen sind, bedürfen noch einer näheren Untersuchung.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 38 (1987), S. 375-379 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Expert systems for corrosion protection technologyCorrosion science is a very interdisciplinary special subject, which involves parts of the classic disciplines chemistry, metallurgy and mechanical engineering. Solving of corrosion problems needs the recognition of relations between the different subjects as well as empirical and heuristical knowledge. These are reasons for the loss of 50 billion DM in Germany caused by corrosion damages. By applying existing corrosion control practices 20% per year could be saved. Corrosion experts are very rarely or it is impossible to obtain the required guidence on corrosion. Expert systems are suitable tools for the mentioned problems. In 1985, members of the Laboratory of Corrosion Protection Technologies at the Fachhochschule Hagen started with the development of the expert system CORROS. The domain of CORROS is the corrosion behaviour of corrosion system water/metallic materials.
    Notes: Für die korrekte Lösung von Korrosionsproblemen benötigt der Ingenieur ein umfangreiches Wissen über die Verknüpfung von Fakten aus den klassischen Gebieten Chemie, Metallurgie und Maschinenbau sowie empirisches und heuristisches Wissen. Experten auf dem Gebiet der Korrosion sind rar, und oft ist ihr Wissen nicht zur rechten Zeit und am rechten Ort verfügbar.Dies sind die Gründe für die jährlichen Verluste von 50 Mrd. DM in der BRD durch Korrosionsschäden, von denen 20% durch den Einsatz des heutigen Stands des Wissens eingespart werden könnten.Expertensysteme stellen ein geeignetes Mittel zur Bewältigung der oben angeführten Probleme dar. Im Jahr 1985 wurde deshalb damit begonnen, im Labor für Korrosionsschutztechnik das Expertensystem CORROS aufzubauen. Die Domäne von CORROS ist das Korrosionsverhalten des Korrosionssystems Wasser/metallische Werkstoffe.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 149 (1987), S. 179-187 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wird die schnelle Identifizierung und genaue Charakterisierung von Acrylnitril-Butadien-Styrol-Terpolymeren (ABS) mit Hilfe der rechnerunterstützten Fourier-Transform-Infrarot(FT-IR)-Spektroskopie beschrieben. Die Proben wurden aus Chloroformsuspensionen als Filme hergestellt und nach der FT-IR-spektroskopischen Untersuchung durch Vergleich mit im Rechner gespeicherten bekannten Spektren identifiziert.Die mit Hilfe von physikalischen Mischungen eines bekannten Terpolymeren mit verschiedenen Mengen der entsprechenden Homopolymeren erhaltenen Eichkurven der monomerspezifischen Absorptionen wurden benutzt, um die Zusammensetzung von unbekannten ABS-Systemen zu bestimmen.
    Notes: The fast identification and accurate characterization of acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene (ABS) terpolymers by computer aided Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is described. Samples are prepared as films from chloroform suspensions and identified by a library search routine after FTIR measurement. Calibration curves of monomer specific absorptions obtained from physical mixtures of a known terpolymer with different amounts of the corresponding homopolymers are used to quantify the incorporation ratios of unknown ABS systems.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 193-201 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Um die Eignung von stabilen Initiatoren für die Hochdruckpolymerisation von Ethylen zu prüfen, wurden Polymerisationsversuche in einem kontinuierlich betriebenen Rührautoklaven durchgeführt. Der Druck betrug 1700 bar und die mittlere Verweilzeit 30 Sekunden. Die Temperatur wurde im Bereich von 200 bis 360°C eingestellt, die Initiatorkonzentration im Ethylenzulauf wurde zwischen 4 und 40 mol-ppm variiert. Als stabile Initiatoren wurden Di-tert-butylperoxid, Di-tert-amylperoxid, tert-Butylhydroperoxid sowie eine C—Cliable Verbindung, das 3,4-Dimethyl-3,4-diphenylhexan, ausgewählt. Aus den Polymerisationsversuchen wurden der Umsatz und der spezifische Initiatorverbrauch bestimmt. Die erhaltenen Polymeren wurden durch Messung ihrer Dichte, der mittleren Molmasse sowie des Schmelzindexes charakterisiert. Die eingesetzten stabilen Initiatoren zeichnen sich alle durch einen sehr geringen Verbrauch aus. Die optimale Einsatztemperatur liegt bei den Dialkylperoxiden sowie dem Alkylhydroperoxid deutlich über 200 und bei dem C—C-labilen Initiator über 300°C. Unter diesen Bedingungen wurden Polymere mit niedriger Dichte, niedriger Molmasse, engerer Molmassenverteilung und höherem Schmelzindex erhalten.
    Notes: In order to assess the suitability of stable initiators for the high pressure polymerization of ethylene, polymerization tests were carried out in a stirred autoclave in continuous operation. The pressure used was 1700 bar, the average residence time 30 seconds and the temperature was adjusted to between 200 and 360°C. The initiator concentration in the ethylene feed varied between 4 and 40 mol ppm. Di-tert-butyl peroxide, di-tert-amyl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and 3,4-di-methyl-3,4-di-phenyl hexane, a C—C labile compound, were chosen for use as stable initiators. The level of conversion and the specific initiator consumption were determined. The polymers obtained were characterized by measuring their density, average molecular weight, and melt flow index. The stable initiators used were all characterized by a very low level of consumption. In the case of dialkyl peroxides and alkyl hydroperoxide, the optimum application temperature is substantially above 200°C and above 300°C in the case of the C—C labile initiator. Under these conditions, polymers with a low density, a low molecular weight, a narrow molecular weight distribution and a high melt flow index were obtained.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 24 (1986), S. 1859-1867 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Photon correlation functions of a high-molecular-weight PMMA (Mw = 1.06 × 107, Mn = 2.2 × 106, Tg = 103°C) have been studied in the temperature range 98 - 149°C. In contrast to previous results, two relaxation modes are observed in relaxation functions. The observed relaxation functions of PMMA are analyzed for the first time in terms of a continuous spectrum representing the distribution of retardation times. Using a modified computer program originally developed by Provencher, we have computed the spectrum of retardation times at various temperatures. The appearance of two distinct relaxation modes is clearly evident in the distribution of the retardation times and in the time correlation functions below 123°C.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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