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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychological research 48 (1986), S. 47-51 
    ISSN: 1430-2772
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Summary Two experiments studied the effect of secondary task load on continuous visual search. Two effects were observed when a secondary task was applied. Search speed (which is assumed to reflect the efficiency of nontarget rejection) was impaired, whereas target detection distance (which presumably reflects the efficiency of target detection) increased. These findings are explained in the framework of a two-process model of visual search which assumes that two operations are performed simultaneously during each fixation, that is, automatic detection and controlled search. The secondary task interferes with the operation of controlled search which reacts to this impairment by way of a compensatory slow-down of search speed. This gain in time also benefits the operation of automatic detection which converts the temporal gain into a spatial extension of the area under its control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychological research 59 (1996), S. 48-63 
    ISSN: 1430-2772
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Experimental designs that require the simultaneous perception and reproduction of a stimulus sequence could help to clarify the relationship between perception and action. This contribution examines a specific stimulus-response compatibility with the reproduction of simple stimulus sequences. In the procedure a response just prepared or one to be prepared is confronted with a new incoming stimulus that is compatible or incompatible with the response. Interference is predicted from a framework in which stimulus perception and action control are assumed to share common codes. Five arrows were successively presented at 1-s intervals. The arrows pointed either to the left or to the right with equal probability. One of the five arrows was accompanied by a randomly presented go signal. Subjects then had to reproduce the sequence by pressing corresponding left or right keys while the stimulus presentation continued. Reaction-time latencies and reaction intervals within a sequence were analyzed in six experiments. Results showed increasing reaction-time latencies the later the go signal was presented — that is, the longer the sequence to be reproduced was. In contrast to previous findings, this effect interacted with the compatibility between the arrow displayed together with the go signal and the first reaction. It is argued that the go signal initiates a transfer of a cognitive action plan to a peripheral motor program and that this process is subject to interference the more the current stimulus is at odds with one of the first parameter specification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychological research 35 (1972), S. 218-242 
    ISSN: 1430-2772
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Begriff der Verarbeitungsstufe („level of processing“) im Sinne Posners wird kritisch diskutiert. Es wird vorgeschlagen, von der von diesem Autor herausgearbeiteten Konzeption der expliziten nicht-visuellen Kodierung eine bisher nur ansatzweise untersuchte Verarbeitungsform zu unterscheiden: die implizite oder latente nicht-visuelle Kodierung, die ‚stillschweigend‘ bei verbalem Material auch dann stattfindet, wenn in der Versuchssituation nicht-visuelle Komponenten keine Rolle spielen. Zum Nachweis dieses Phänomens wird ein Transferversuchsplan mit einer Buchstabensuchtechnik nach Neisser verwendet. Es zeigt sich, daß Transfer zwischen verschiedenen Suchaufgaben sowohl auf visueller als auch auf nicht-visueller Ebene stattfindet. Darüberhinaus kann Transfer auf Target- und Kontextbasis unterschieden werden. Die Beziehungen zwischen der Kodierungsebene (visuell/nicht-visuell) und der Target-Kontextbindung des Transfers werden diskutiert; beide Dimensionen werden als orthogonal angenommen.
    Notes: Summary The notion of “level of processing” sensu Posner is critically examined. It is proposed to distinguish between two kinds of non-visual coding of visually presented verbal material: explicit (viz. instruction-produced) and implicit or latent non-visual coding. The latter is supposed to go on silently even if Ss are not instructed to pay attention to other than visual aspects of the stimulus situation. A transferdesign with a visual-search technique after Neisser is used to trace the effects of latent non-visual coding. It is shown that search transfer takes place on visual and on non-visual level as well. Moreover, transfer may be target-based or context-based. Relations between level of processing (visual/non-visual) and basis of transfer (target vs. context) are discussed; both aspects are supposed to be independent of each other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 16 (1964), S. 582-585 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 82 (1978), S. 229-232 
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Acta Psychologica 64 (1987), S. 187-206 
    ISSN: 0001-6918
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Acta Psychologica 38 (1974), S. 73-80 
    ISSN: 0001-6918
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Acta Psychologica 37 (1973), S. 255-277 
    ISSN: 0001-6918
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-7721
    Keywords: groupware ; workflow ; participatory design ; shared workspaces
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In the context of the POLIKOM research program novel telecooperation tools to support the distributed German government are being developed. POLITeam is one of the projects resulting from this program, aiming at the development of a system supporting cooperation in large, geographically distributed organizations. Main area of research is asynchronous cooperation, based on the metaphors of electronic circulation folders and shared electronic workspaces. The design process of POLITeam is based on the continuous improvement of an existing groupware system in close cooperation with selected pilot users. This paper discusses our methodological design approach, the design of the POLITeam system, and the experiences our application partners made in the course of using the system at work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 34 (1983), S. 230-235 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: New methods for potential measurement without internal resistance (IR) in cathodic protection of underground pipelinesThe reliability of the cathodic protection depends on whether the potential measurement is free of errors or not. The main source of errors results from voltage drops in the soil. In the case of strongly fluctuating currents the true pipe-to-soil potential can be determined by measuring voltages above the pipe-line and extrapolating these values. This method supposes that the pipe coating has many holidays. The method is not applicable for well coated pipe-lines with the exception of such points where holidays are located.In the case of protected structures with locally different polarisation the off-potentials which normally indicate the true pipe-to-soil potentials can become erroneous due to voltage drops of compensating currents (cell current). Assuming an ideally same distribution of both the protection current and the compensating current the true pipe-to-soil potential can be calculated by measuring the on-and off-potentials and the voltage drop perpendicular to the pipe-line at the soil surface.These relationships can be experimentally verified with an electrolytic cell in the laboratory. In the field, however, deviations from identical distribution of the mentioned currents are possible due to interference of the potential fields of anodes and cathodes. the voltage drops due to compensating currents explain both possible corrosion damage in spite of sufficiently negative values of the off-potential and misinterpretation in the case of hot spot protection. From these results it can be shown that one cannot do away with external probes.
    Notes: Die Sicherheit des kathodischen Korrosionsschutzes ist von der Fehlerfreiheit der Potentialmessung abhängig. Hierbei kommen als Fehler vor allem Ohmsche Spannungsabfälle im Erdboden infrage. Bei stark veränderlichen Strömen kann aus Messungen des Spannungsabfalls über der Rohrleitung das wahre Rohr/Boden-Potential örtlich durch Extrapolation bestimmt werden, wenn die Rohrumhüllung verhältnismäßig viele Fehlstellen enthält. Das Verfahren ist sehr aufwendig und für gut umhüllte Rohrleitungen nicht anwendbar, wenn man von georteten Fehlstellen in der Umhüllung absieht.Bei stark unterschiedlich polarisierten Objekten können die sonst gut verwertbaren Ausschaltpotentiale durch Spannungsabfälle der Ausgleichsströme verfälscht sein. Für eine ideal gleiche Verteilung von Schutz-und Ausgleichsströmen läßt sich mit Hilfe der gemessenen Rohr/Boden-Potentiale und der Potentialdifferenzen senkrecht zur Rohrleitung bei ein- und ausgeschaltetem Schutzstrom das wahre Rohr/Boden-Potential errechnen. Durch Versuche im elektrolytischen Trog konnten diese Zusammenhänge experimentell bewiesen werden. In der Praxis können Abweichungen vom idealen Verhalten auftreten, wenn die Spannungstrichter von Anode und Kathode sich beeinflussen. Die durch Ausgleichsströme verursachten Spannungstrichter erklären mögliche Schäden trotz scheinbar ausreichender negativer Ausschaltpotentialwerte und Fehlaussagen beim Lokalen kathodischen Korrosionsschutz. Damit wird verdeutlicht, daß auf externe Meßproben nicht verzichtet werden kann.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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