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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: calcium ; bicarbonate ; sulphate ; acidity ; Rhine ; Rhone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Data on the chemical composition of the hard water rivers Rhine and Rhone, published elsewhere, are stored in a new data bank, RRQUE. In this paper the seasonal variation in pH and concentrations of calcium, bicarbonate and sulphate at 7 stations in the Rhine and 7 in the Rhone are described. The concentrations of calcium, bicarbonate and sulphate show important increases with increasing distance from the source. In both rivers acidification gradually occurs downstream and is thought to be caused by the decomposition of disposed organic matter. It is shown that the normal seasonal patterns of these 4 chemical variables are negated by anthropogenic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: pH ; calcium ; bicarbonate ; sulphate ; Rhine ; Rhone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the hard water rivers Rhine and Rhone the quotient Ca/HCO3 is strongly related to the sulphate concentration and not to the pH. The relationship can be described (by least square analysis) for the Rhine: Ca/HCO3) = 0.70 + 0.5 (SO4), for the Rhone: (Ca/HCO3) = 0.85 + 0.43 (SO4). With a Teissier analysis (reduced major axis) a slope for both rivers of 0.58 has been found. These values equal the theoretically expected value of 0.5, when a solution of CaSO4 is added to a saturated solution of CaCO3. The source of the CaSO4 (gypsum) is thought to be natural in the Rhone and anthropogenic in the Rhine. Acidification of both rivers is probably the result of decomposition of disposed organic matter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: solubility product ; calcium carbonate ; pH ; Rhine ; Rhone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ionic products of CaCO3 have been calculated for 7 stations in the Rhine and for 7 stations in the Rhone over periods of 9 and 7 years respectively. The ionic products exceed the solubility product, indicating a supersaturation with CaCO3. It is demonstrated that the ionic product is related to the pH according to IPc = A.pHB. The values obtained for A and B for the different stations vary per station and per year. The four regression lines, however, differ numerically very little between pH 7 and 8. Supersaturation with CaCO3 of hard waters thus seems to depend on the pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: calcium ; o-phosphate ; apatite ; solubility product ; Rhine ; Rhone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ionic product of 10750oxy-apatite has been calculated from data sets from the hard water rivers Rhine and Rhone. An overall value of 10−50 has been obtained, but this value has an uncertainty due to the uncertainty of the third ionisation constant of phosphoric acid. Implicitly it has been shown that these rivers are saturated with respect to 10750oxy-apatite and that thus calcium controls the solubility of o-phosphate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: As hard blocks in polyether block amides, polyamides are used whose length is intensively regulated by dicarboxylic acids. Since, with regard to melting and crystallization behaviour, this acid constitutes an interfering structural unit in the chain, and in the case of a completely converted product each chain contains one acid molecule, it is essential to know where in the chain incorporation will occur. As opposed to monofunctional chain regulators which always form a chain end, a bifunctional chain regulator can a priori also be randomly incorporated into the inner part of the chain. This leads to a far greater interference than occurs if the chain regulator molecule and the chain end, which acts as an interfering unit in any case, coincide with each other.By means of adipic acid-regulated oligoamides based on lauryl lactam, the incorporation of the chain regulator was examined by NMR spectroscopy and compared with model calculations. This resulted in a close match only if it was presupposed that the incorporation was carried out randomly with the same degree of probability at any point whatsoever between two lauryl lactam structural units or at the chain end.Further calculations illustrate the effects of the incorporation of the chain regulator on the size of the amorphous portion.
    Notes: Als Hartblöcke in Polyetherblockamiden werden durch Dicarbonsäuren stark geregelte Polyamide eingesetzt. Da die Säure in Hinblick auf das Schmelz- und Kristallisationsverhalten einen Störbaustein in der Kette darstellt und bei einem ausgeregelten Produkt jede Kette ein Säuremolekül enthält, ist es von Bedeutung zu wissen, wo in der Kette der Einbau erfolgt. Anders als bei monofunktionellen Reglern, wo der Regler stets ein Kettenende bildet, kann ein bifunktioneller Regler a priori auch statistisch im Inneren der Kette eingebaut werden. Dies führt zu einer viel stärkeren Störung, als wenn das Reglermolekül und das sowieso als Störstelle wirkende Kettenende zusammenfallen. Anhand adipinsäuregeregelter Oligoamide auf Basis von Laurinlactam wird kernresonanzspektroskopisch der Einbau des Reglers untersucht und mit Rechnungen verglichen. Es ergibt sich nur dann gute Übereinstimmung, wenn vorausgesetzt wird, daß der Einbau statistisch erfolgt und dabei mit gleicher Wahrscheinlichkeit für jede beliebige Stelle zwischen zwei Laurinlactambausteinen oder am Kettenende abläuft. Weitere Rechnungen verdeutlichen den Einfluß des Reglereinbaus auf die Größe des amorphen Anteils.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isolation of Bafilomycin-A1-21-O-(α-L-rhamnopyranoside). Structural Determination by Chemical Correlation with Bafilomycin A1 and LeucanicidinFrom cultures of an actinomycete strain, the known antifungal and insecticidal antibiotic leucanicidin (1) and a hitherto unknown antifungal antibiotic, bafilomycin-A1-21-O-(α-L-rhamnopyranoside) (2), were isolated. The latter is spectroscopically closely related to 1 and bafilomycin A1 (3) and gave degradation products identical with compounds obtained by analogous degradation of 1 and 3.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies on Organometallic Compounds. Contribution to the Study of Thermal Decomposition of TetracyclohexyltitaniumThermal decomposition of tetracyclohexyltitanium proceeds in a different manner for the solid compound and for etheral solution. We propose an explanation of the decomposition mechanisms based on radical reactivities and compare our results with previous literature data.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 70 (1987), S. 680-689 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Eight cyclic triamines with ring sizes between 9 and 13 were synthesized by the p-toluenesulfonate method. The open-chain triamines bis(2-aminoethyl)amine (dien) and bis(3-aminopropyl)amine (diprop) were used as starting materials. In some cases, the corresponding dimeric cyclic hexaamines have been isolated and characterized as major by-products. The complexation of Cu(I) by the triamines has been studied potentiometrically in CH3CN/H2O. All ligands L form ternary complexes [Cu(CH3CN)L]+. The corresponding association constants vary between 1011 and 107, decreasing with increasing ring size. In addition, complexes [Cu(CH3CN)yLH]2+, y = 1 or 2, are found as less important species with maximum concentrations of 7 to 50%.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metabolites of Microorganisms. Sulfur-Containing Ansa Compounds of the Naphthomycin TypeFrom a strain of Streptomyces (Tü 2357) in addition to naphthomycin A, 4 new yellow pigments were isolated and their structures determined by spectroscopic comparison with naphthomycin A. Whereas the naphthomycins D and E are simple derivatives of naphthomycin A, having OH and H, respectively, instead of Cl, the naphthomycins F and G contain an N-acetylcysteine residue linked to the aromatic moiety by a thioether group. Degradations with O3 yielded identical products from the naphthomycins A, D, F, and G, showing coincident configurations in parts of the molecules. Naphthomycin F shows some biological activity against gram-positive bacteria and fungi, although much weaker than naphthomycin A. The naphthomycins D, E, and G are inactive against microorganisms.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gloeosporone, the germination self-inhibitor from the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. jussiaea, is shown by spectroscopic data and X-ray analysis to have the constitution and relative configuration as shown in Formula 2 (either (1S,6R,12R)-1-hydroxy-6-pentyl-5,15-dioxabicyclo[10.2.1]pentadecan-4,13-dione or its enantiomer), rather than the previously assigned constitution 1.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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