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  • 1985-1989  (15)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (15)
  • epoxy resin
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 63-76 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Copolymerisation von Butylacrylat (BA) mit Vinylbenzylglycidylether (VBGE) wurden neue Acrylkautschuke mit Epoxyseitengruppen hergestellt. Um die Zähigkeit eines gehärteten Epoxidharzes (Bisphenol A/Diglycidylether/p,p′-Diaminodiphenylsulfon) zu erhöhen, wurde dieses mit den erhaltenen Acrylkautschuken modifiziert. Eine Zugabe von 20 Gew.-% eines Copolymeren mit 74% BA und 26% VBGE-Einheiten führte zu einer 30proz. Zunahme der Bruchzähigkeit (KIC) des gehärteten Harzes bei einer minimalen Einbuße an Festigkeit und Steifigkeit. Die modifizierten Harze wiesen eine Zwei-Phasen-Morphologie auf, bei der Kautschukteilchen mit einer mittleren Größe von 2 μm in eine Epoxymatrix eingebettet sind. Das Copolymere ohne Epoxyseitengruppen, das aus BA und Vinylbenzylmethoxyethylether hergestellt wurde, war als Modifier unwirksam, was darauf hindeutet, daß die seitenstándigen Epoxidgruppen zu einer guten Zwischenphasenadhäsion zwischen Kautschukteilchen und Matrix, und damit zu erhöhter Zähigkeit führen. Kautschuke, die 55 oder 86% BA-Einheiten enthielten, waren ebenfalls ungenügende Modifier. Zugabe des ersteren ergab Harze mit einer homogenen Phasenstruktur, während die Zugabe des letzteren zu einer Phasentrennung zwischen Kautschuk und Epoxidharz führte.
    Notes: New acrylic rubbers with a pendant epoxy group were prepared by copolymerization of butyl acrylate (BA) with vinylbenzyl glycidyl ether (VBGE). The modification of an epoxy system (bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether/p,p′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone) with the acrylic rubbers was carried out in order to increase the toughness of the cured epoxy resin. The addition of 20 wt.-% of the copolymer containing 74% of BA and 26% of VBGE units resulted in a 30% increase in the fracture toughness (KIC) of the cured resin at minimal expenses of strength and modulus of the resin. The modified epoxy resin had two-phase morphology in which the rubber particles with average diameter of 2 μm are dispersed in the epoxy matrix. The copolymer without the pendant epoxy group, prepared from BA and vinylbenzyl methoxyethyl ether, was ineffective as a modifier, indicating that the reaction of the pendant epoxide with the epoxy matrix resulted in good interfacial adhesion between the rubber particles and the matrix, and in the increased toughness. The epoxide-containing copolymers with 55 or 86% of BA units were also insufficient modifiers. The addition of the former yielded cured resins with homogeneous structure, whereas that of the latter resulted in macroscopic phase separation between the rubber and the epoxy resin.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Spacer-modified polystyrene supports containing ether linkages were prepared by using chloromethylated polystyrene and 10-undecen-1-ol or p-hydroxylated polystyrene and 11-bromo-1-undecene as starting materials. The polymerization of p-(6-bromohexyloxy)styrene gave also spacer-modified supports. Phosphonium salts derived from the spacer-modified polymer supports showed phase-transfer catalytic activities comparable to those of immobilized phosphonium salts linked to polystyrene by a heptamethylene spacer.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 187 (1986), S. 2753-2761 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Supports of polystyrene with long spacers were prepared by bromoalkylation of microporous, crosslinked polystyrene resins with ω-bromoalkenes using CF3SO3H as catalyst. The dependence of the phase-transfer catalytic activity of phosphonium salts bound to the polystyrene resins by long spacer chains, derived from the bromoalkylated polystyrene resins, on the percentage of ring substitution, on the degree of crosslinking, and on spacer-chain length was studied. The high activity of the catalyst with long spacer chains was explained by the increased reactivity of the active site, induced by the increased lipophilicity of the catalyst, and by the facilitated ion exchange which was brought about by an increased distance between the active site and the polymer backbone.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The macrolactonization of ω-bromocarboxylic acids was carried out in the presence of polystyrene-supported 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene. The macrolide yield was found to be a function of the degree of ring substitution and of crosslinking, which governs the effective concentration of the fixed substrate within the polymeric reagent. The effect of the polystyrene matrix on the macrolide yield in the heterogeneous system was discussed by comparison with the corresponding homogeneous reaction.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 189 (1988), S. 277-285 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The photo-crosslinking of polymers containing pendant epoxy groups was carried out at room temp. in the presence of a photosensitive sulfonium salt which is an initiator of cationic polymerization. The crosslinking reactivity of the epoxide-containing polymers was found to depend on the mobilities of both the backbone of the polymers and the pendant epoxy groups, and on the epoxide structure. The introduction of spacer chains between the polymer backbone and the epoxy groups increases the mobilities of the backbone and the epoxides, resulting in an increases crosslinking reactivity. The introduction of a methyl group at the epoxy ring of the polymers with glass transition temp. (Tg) lower than room temp. enhances the crosslinking reactivity, whereas it diminishes the reactivity for the polymers with Tg higher than room temp. This result can be explained by assuming that the presence of the methyl group results not only in an increase of the epoxide reactivity due to both the inductive effect of the methyl group and the increased ring strain, but also the decreased mobility of the epoxy groups. Thus, the reactivity of the rubbery polymers is principally controlled by the intrinsic reactivity of the epoxides, and the reactivity of the rigid polymers is mainly controlled by the mobility of the reactive sites.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 77-86 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The acetylation of linalool with acetic anhydride was carried out in the presence of polystyrene-bound aminopyridines and triethylamine. The catalytic activity of the immobilized aminopyridines increased with decreasing percentage of ring substitution and with increasing spacer-chain length. The increased activity is attributed to an increase in the amount of aminopyridine units complexed with acetic anhydride. The acetylation could be successfully conducted by use of a mixture of the immobilized aminopyridines and polymer-supported benzyldiethylamine, which effectively trapped acetic acid formed in the reaction system.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 2251-2261 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polystyrene-bound 4-(1-pyrrolidino)pyridine moieties were prepared by the reaction of chloromethylated polystyrene resins with pyrrolidinopyridine derivatives containing hydroxyl groups. The supported amines were effective catalysts for acylations of tert-alcohols or enols, acylrearrangements, and diester synthesis from epoxides and anhydrides. Some of the low ring-substituted (8-15%) catalysts exhibited high activity comparable to that of 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine, though the activity was a little lower than that of 4-(1-pyrrolidino)pyridine. The recovered catalysts can be re-used, except for acyl rearrangements, without significant decrease in activity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2455-2467 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymer-supported aminopyridine or imidazole catalysts were effective for acyl rearrangements of O-acylated substrates to C-acylated products. Some of the aminopyridine catalysts, which had much higher activity than the imidazole catalyst, exhibited high activity comparable to that of the corresponding soluble catalyst, 4-N, N-dimethylaminopyridine. The activity of the immobilized aminopyridines was studied as a function of the percentage of ring substitution, spacer-chain length, and solvents. The affinity of the substrates for the immobilized catalysts played an important role for the rearrangements. The increased catalytic activity resulted from the increased affinity of the substrates for the catalysts. The activity of the immobilized bases decreased gradually owing to the reaction of the active site with the products as the catalysts were used repeatedly. The treatment of the used catalysts with nucleophiles restored the activity to some extent. The activity decrease can be minimized by shortening a contact time between the catalysts and the products.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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