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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The chronology of lesion repair in the developing rat brain: Biological significance of the pre-existing extracellular space (1986)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 408 (1986), S. 347-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Developing brain ; Extracellular space ; Cytotoxicity of ethylnitrosourea ; Matrix cell necrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We observed the histological peculiarities of the repair process in a destructive lesion of the developing rat brain during neurogenesis. Degeneration was induced selectively in certain cells of the proliferating phase in the rat fetal neopallium on embryonic day 16 by transplacental administration of ethylnitrosourea. Successive elimination of necrotic cells and the restoration process were observed. The repair process was divided into the following steps. 1) Elimination of individually affected cells by phagocytes in the pre-existing extracellular space. 2) Successive restoration of the disintegrated area by cells wh ich differentiated from remaining matrix cells. No reactive gliosis, fibrosis, abnormal vascularization or infiltration of granulocytes and lymphocytes was observed at any time. The thinned neopallium on postnatal day 21 revealed only a small number and abnormal distribution of the cortical neurons. It may be assumed that the fetal brain owes its unique repair features to the presence of a vast extracellular space under normal conditions. In this pre-existing extracellular space, every kind of cell seems to exist separately without the intercellular adhesions characteristic of the adult brain. When degeneration occurs in certain cells the phagocytes would be able to eliminate the degenerate cells completely in this space without having to break intercellular adhesions. As a result, after the completion of cell elimination, the injured brain is restored to its original state with no cell reaction, giving the appearance of a small brain with normal-looking histological architecture, save only for the sparseness of cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00707693
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoarchitectonic investigation of the rat spinal cord following ethylnitrosourea administration at different developmental stages (1988)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 412 (1988), S. 215-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Developing spinal cord ; Cytotoxicity of ethylnitrosourea ; Matrix cell necrosis ; Neurogenesis ; Cytoarchitecture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined the histological findings and cytoarchitectonic alterations in the rat spinal cord following matrix cell degeneration caused at different developmental stages, from neural plate formation through neuroblast generation. Ethylnitrosourea (ENU) 20 mg/kg body weight was administered transplacentally to the fetuses on the 10th embryonic day (E10) to 14th. The observations were made until the 21st postnatal day. Normally, mitoses were present scatteredly in the matrix cell layer of the neural plate or neural tube on El0 or E11, and gradually restricted to the dorsal portion of the alar plate as development occurred. The localization and number of degenerative cells as well as the site and degree of neuronal decrease in the completed dysgenetic spinal cord seemed to correlate with the topography and frequency of the mitoses in the matrix cell layer at the time of ENU administration. Disorder in the pattern of cytoarchitecture of neurons was not observed. The degree of hypoplasia of the white matter was proportional to the intensity of decrease of the spinal neurons. Aberrant myelinated fibers were not seen. No reactive gliosis, fibrosis or abnormal vascularization was observed at any time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00737145
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endothelial basement membrane and seamless-type endothelium in the repair process of cerebral infarction in rats (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 414 (1989), S. 385-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Basement membrane ; Capillary growth ; Seamless endothelial cell ; Regenerating capillary ; Experimental cerebral infarction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural analysis of capillary changes during the repair process of experimental cerebral infarction induced in rats was carried out with special reference to the endothelial basement membrane (BM) and seamless-type endothelial cells. Following degeneration of endothelial cells and pericytes, their BMs, without any interruption or fragmentation, were left in the lesion. Newly formed capillaries grew from vessels in the surrounding brain tissues into the reactive zone of infarcts. While the capillaries in cross-section possessed multilayered BMs, these membranes in tangential section comprised an outer BM with extremely wavy profile and an inner one showing a normal trilayered structure, uniformly enveloping the endothelial surface. It is therefore suggested that the sprouting of regenerating capillaries might invade the remaining cavities of BM, resulting from endothelial degeneration. In these new vessels, seamless-type endothelial cells lacking interendothelial contacts were observed frequently. These two different and previously unobserved findings appear to be at the heart of the regeneration mechanism of reactive capillary proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718621
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical demonstration of IGF-II-like immunoreactivity in human paraganglioma of the craniocervical region (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 414 (1989), S. 515-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: IGF-II ; Carotid body Extra-adrenal paraganglioma ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin-like-growth factor (IGF)-II-like immunoreactivity was examined in two carotid bodies and six extra-adrenal paragangliomas with use of monoclonal antibody against rat IGF-II, which crossreacts with human IGF-II. Chief cells but not sustentacular cells of the carotid body were positive at about 10% in one case and less than 1% in another case. Among four carotid body tumours, a possible vagal body tumour and one glomus jugulare tumour, all but the glomus jugulare tumour exhibited positive tumour cells irrespective of histological variations. The frequency of positive cells ranged from 20 to 60%. IGF-II like immunoreactivity, therefore, might be widely distributed in human extra-adrenal paraganglionic tissues and tumours, although its biological role in these cells remains to be elucidated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00781709
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative pathological investigation of the cervical cord, roots and ganglia after long-term amputation of the unilateral upper arm (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 85 (1993), S. 666-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Human ; Amputation ; Retrograde degeneration ; Spinal cord ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A pathological study was conducted on an autopsied patient who had undergone amputation of the right arm at the level of the shoulder 38 years prior to death. The numbers of anterior horn cells, spinal ganglion cells and myelinated fibers in the anterior and posterior spinal roots at the cervical segments were examined quantitatively and compared with those of age-matched control subjects. On the amputation side, anterior horn cells, spinal ganglion cells and large myelinated fibers of the anterior and posterior roots were decreased in number. In addition, on the spared side, the medium-sized neurons of Rexed's lamina IX were shrunken, or decreased in number, and the number of small- and medium-sized myelinated fibers in the anterior roots was decreased. These findings indicate that the long-term effects of axonal amputation induce retrograde degeneration of the anterior horn and spinal ganglion cells on the amputation side, resulting in atrophy and a decrease of medium-sized neurons in the anterior horn even on the contralateral, spared side.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334679
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The neostriatum and nucleus accumbens in parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam: a pathological comparison with Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 122-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Parkinsonism-dementia complex ; Alzheimer's disease ; Progressive supranuclear palsy ; Neostriatum ; Nucleus accumbens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The neostriatum, nucleus accumbens and basal nucleus of Meynert (bnM) in the parkinsonismdementia complex of Guam (Guam PDC) were examined immunohistologically, ultrastructurally, quantitatively and topographically, and the results were compared with those in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Compared to neurologically normal controls, the number of large neurons in Guam PDC was reduced by approximately 70% in the caudate nucleus and putamen and by more than 90% in the nucleus accumbens. The decreased number of large neurons in the neostriatum was significantly correlated to that in the bnM. The remaining large neurons and many of the medium-sized neurons in the neostriatum and nucleus accumbens were immunopositive for tau protein and contained varying amounts of 21- to 25-nm-wide paired helical filaments (PHFs) admixed with straight tubules. Curly fibers and circularly arranged reactive astrocytes were seen in the nucleus accumbens of many PDC patients. Collectively, these findings, which are similar in part to those of AD and differ from those of PSP, suggest that the large neurons in the neostriatum and nucleus accumbens in Guam PDC degenerate through PHF formation, and that extremely severe loss of large neurons in the nucleus accumbens may be linked to marked degeneration of the limbic and ventral tegmental areas and nucleus dorsal raphe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294504
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for transneuronal degeneration in the spinal cord in man: a quantitative investigation of neurons in the intermediate zone after long-term amputation of the unilateral upper arm (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 464-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Human ; Amputation ; Transneuronal degeneration ; Spinal cord ; Intermediate zone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Does transneuronal degeneration occur in the neurons of the spinal intermediate zone following degeneration of the anterior horn cells in man? To investigate this possibility, we carried out a quantitative examination of neurons in the cervical intermediate zone of a 56-yearold man who had suffered accidental amputation of the right upper arm 38 years prior to death. Recently, we reported that the cervical anterior horn cells of this patient were reduced in number not only on the amputation side but also on the spared side. The present study revealed that medium-sized neurons in the cervical intermediate zone, which were considered to be internuncial neurons, were decreased in number on both the amputation and the spared sides, but less so on the spared side. These findings indicate that retrograde transneuronal degeneration occurs in the internuncial neurons following degeneration of the anterior horn cells caused by amputation. Sequentially to this, degeneration of the commissural neurons in the intermediate zone secondary to that of the internuncial neurons may induce degeneration of the neurons in the intermediate zone and the anterior horn cells on the spared side.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307654
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The anterolateral funiculus in the spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 221-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Anterolateral funiculus ; Lateral corticospinal tract ; Myelinated fiber ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We carried out a morphometric study on the myelinated fibers in the anterolateral funiculus (ALF) and lateral corticospinal tract (LCS) in the cervical segment of the spinal cord of 13 patients with classic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 6 of whom had been on a respirator: 5 age-matched subjects were used as controls. The results obtained revealed that: (1) the fiber-size distributions of the myelinated fibers in the ALF and LCS of the control subjects had peaks at 2 μm; (2) there were marked and significant losses of large myelinated fibers in the ALF and LCS of ALS patients; (3) the patients who required respirator support showed more severe degeneration in the ALF than those who required none; and (4) the degree of myelinated fiber loss in the LCS did not correlate with either the illness duration or the history of respirator use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296504
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with a mutation in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 185-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Neuropathology ; Posterior column involvement ; Genetics ; Superoxide dismutase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several missense mutations within exons 1, 2, 4 and 5 of the gene for Cu/Zn-binding superoxide dismutase (SOD1) have been discovered to be involved in the development of chromosome 21q-linked familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). We describe here an autopsied patient with FALS, in whom we have recently identified a novel missense mutation in exon 1 of the SOD1 gene. The neuropathological findings were compatible with those described previously in patients with FALS with posterior column involvement. This suggests that mutations of the SOD1 gene may be responsible for this form of FALS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294513
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of Guam: the nature of the neuropathological findings (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 405-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Parkinsonism-dementia complex ; Guam ; Neuropathology ; Quantitative study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To elucidate the fundamental differences and similarities of the neuropathological features and etiopathogenesis of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC) of Guam, we conducted a topographic, quantitative and histological investigation of tau-containing neurons, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), Bunina bodies and ubiquitinated inclusion bodies in 27 non-ALS non-PDC Guamanian subjects, as well as 10 Guam ALS patients, 28 PDC patients, and 5 patients with combined ALS and PDC (ALS-PDC). The topographic distribution of NFTs was basically the same in each disease and also in the non-ALS non-PDC group. There were relatively few, if any, NFTs in non-ALS non-PDC subjects and ALS patients, but there were many, especially in the frontal and temporal cortex, in Guam PDC and ALS-PDC patients. The histological and ultrastructural features of Bunina bodies in Guam ALS and ALS-PDC patients were similar to those reported in classic ALS. The ratio of occurrence of the inclusion in Guam ALS and ALS-PDC patients was similar to that reported so far in classic ALS. Ubiquitinated skein-like inclusion bodies were observed in the spinal anterior horn cells in Guam ALS and ALS-PDC patients. These findings indicate that classic ALS does exist on Guam, that NFTs in Guam ALS patients are merely a background feature widely dispersed in the population, that the mechanism of neuronal degeneration of Guam ALS is basically different from that of PDC, and that Guam ALS occurs initially as classic ALS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389491
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