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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Synthesis of 5-Hydroxykynurenine (1954)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 76 (1954), S. 4994-4996 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01648a075
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Conversion of 5-Hydroxykynurenine to 6-Hydroxykynurenic Acid and 6,4-Dihydroxyquinoline with Liver Homogenates (1954)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 76 (1954), S. 6193-6194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01652a099
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The masking effect of sialic acid on Con A, PNA and SBA ectoderm binding sites during neurulation in the bantam chick embryo (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 389-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cell-surface carbohydrate ; Masking of sialic acid ; Neurulating ectoderm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The masking effect of sialic acid on cell surface carbohydrates localized on the ectoderm in stage 6–11 bantam embryos was examined using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled Con A, PNA, SBA, LFA, and LPA before and after neuraminidase treatment. The results showed selective lectin binding on both the neuroectoderm and the surface ectoderm. In general, these lectin-binding sites increased or were at least expressed on neuroectoderm during neurulation. On the apical surfaces of the developing neuroectoderm, masked Con Abinding sites were evident from the earliest stage and rapidly increased. These sites coexisted with unmasked binding sites which gradually increased. Masked PNA sites were rarely observed but became abundant in later stages, even though coexistent unmasked sites also rapidly increased. Masked SBA sites were poorly observable in the early stage and gradually increased thereafter, whereas unmasked sites were expressed at later stages. On the basal surfaces masked Con A sites were evident in the early stages but gradually decreased in later stages, whereas unmasked sites were relatively abundant and increased thereafter. Masked PNA sites were evident and increased very rapidly, whereas unmasked sites became observable up to the latest stage. Masked SBA sites were minimal in all three stages, and unmasked sites expressed themselves slightly at later stages. The change in composition of carbohydrates on the developing neuroectoderm was obviously different from that on the developing surface ectoderm. On the contact surface of the neural ridge, the number of masked sites of penultimate sugars was large at Con A sites, slight at PNA and SBA sites, which coexisted with unmasked sugar chain terminals in the areas where Con A sites were moderate and where PNA and SBA sites were poor. Finally, the role of masking on binding sites for Con A, PNA and SBA during neural tube closure is discussed, and the observation that the apparent masking effect on three lectin binding sites did not correspond to the content of sialic acid detected by LFA and LPA is a subject for further study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188550
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative electromicroscope study of the oculomotor parasympathetic neurons projecting to the ciliary ganglion in cats: comparison of the synaptic (axo-somatic and axo-proximal dendritic) organization of anterior-dorsal and ventral cell groups (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 193 (1996), S. 229-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Preganglionic neuron ; Oculomotor nerve ; Parasympathetic nervous system ; Synapse ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The synaptic organization of the oculomotor parasympathetic preganglionic neurons (OPNs), labeled retrogradely after a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injection into the ciliary ganglion, was studied in cats by electron microscopy. We divided the OPNs into two groups, anterior-dorsal (ADG) and ventral (VG) cell groups, based upon physiological studies in cats suggesting that accomodation-related OPNs are predominantly located anterior and dorsal to the somatic nuclei of the oculomotor nuclear complex (i.e., the anteromedian and Edinger Westphal nuclei, and the ventral central gray area), while pupillo-constriction-related OPNs are predominantly located ventral to the somatic nuclei (i.e., the ventral tegmental area). The synaptic organization of these two groups was quantitatively compared, using a nested analysis of variance to determine statistical significance (P〈0.05). Partial reconstructions of the labeled somata and proximal dendrites were made from tracings of electron micrographs of every 2nd section in serial ultrathin sections that included the nucleolus or were adjacent to sections that included the nucleolus. The mean number of boutons of apposition on a reconstructed labeled soma of VG was significantly greater than that of ADG (mean ±SD; ADG, 5.3±3.3; VG, 8.6±3.2). The mean synaptic density on a VG soma was significantly greater than on an ADG soma (mean±SD; ADG, 3.74±2.11 counts/100 (μm2; VG, 6.30±1.99 counts/100 μm2). The mean synaptic covering ratio on a VG soma was significantly greater than on an ADG soma (mean±SD; ADG, 5.21±2.91%; VG, 10.14±3.76%). The mean estimated number of boutons of apposition on a VG soma was significantly greater than on an ADG soma (mean±SD: ADG, 53±36; VG, 100±48). Boutons were classified on the basis of the shape of their synaptic vesicles as S-type (containing spherical clear synaptic vesicles) or P-type (containing both flattened and spherical clear synaptic vesicles). The mean S-type/S+P-type bouton ratio on a VG soma was significantly greater than on an ADG soma (mean±SD; ADG, 0.31±0.20; VG, 0.67±0.18). The differences demonstrated in this study reinforce, morphologically, the assumption of functional localization of OPNs, and further allow us to estimate the relative characteristics of the synaptic organization of accommodation-related OPNs and pupillo-constriction-related OPNs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198326
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binding pattern of ferritin-labeled lectins (RCAI and WGA) during neural tube closure in the bantam embryo (1986)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 174 (1986), S. 283-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Neurulation ; Lectin receptor ; RCAI ; WGA ; Cell-surface carbohydrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cell surface sugar residues in neurulating ectoderms of bantam chick embryos of stage 4–11 were examined using ferritin-labeledRicinus communis (RCAI) and Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). RCAI binding sites densely covered the apical surfaces of the basal plate cells during the neural plate stage (1,322.8±28.8 ferritin particles/μm2). As neural tube formation advanced, the number of receptors decreased as a result of an increase in the extent of the sparsely covered regions. The decrease in receptors for WGA occurred in a similar manner but more rapidly. By the stage of development at which the opposite sides of the neural ridges meet at the dorsal midline, the receptors for WGA were reduced to about half. After this period, the two lectin receptors did not show significant changes. This result suggests that sugar residues or the sugar-chain skeleton on basal plate cells are altered during neurulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00698778
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in peanut lectin binding sites on the neuroectoderm during neural tube formation in the bantam chick embryo (1988)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 178 (1988), S. 353-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cell-surface carbohydrate ; Peanut lectin binding site ; Neurulating ectoderm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cell surface carbohydrates in the neurulating ectoderm of bantam chick embryos of stage 6–11 were examined using the fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled and ferritin-labeled peanut lectin,Arachis hypogaea agglutinin (PNA), which is Galβ1→3GalNAc specific. Weak fluorescence showing PNAbinding sites was seen on the apical surfaces of neural plate cells. On the surfaces of neural tube cells the fluorescence was more intense and appeared as a band. When using ferritin particles as a quantitative EM marker, only a few PNA binding sites covering the apical surfaces of the basal plate cells during the neural plate stage were seen (274.3±18.67 ferritin particles/μm2). As neural tube formation advanced, the number of the ferritin labeled PNA binding sites increased as was to be expected from the fluorescent label experiment. At the neural ridge contact stage there were 2.5 times more binding sites than at the neural plate stage. After this period, the lectin binding sites showed no significant changes. These results were the inverse of those for RCAI or WGA lectins previously reported by us. These observations suggest that sugar residues or the sugar-chain skeletons on the neuroectoderm are altered during neurulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00698666
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative pathological investigation of the cervical cord, roots and ganglia after long-term amputation of the unilateral upper arm (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 85 (1993), S. 666-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Human ; Amputation ; Retrograde degeneration ; Spinal cord ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A pathological study was conducted on an autopsied patient who had undergone amputation of the right arm at the level of the shoulder 38 years prior to death. The numbers of anterior horn cells, spinal ganglion cells and myelinated fibers in the anterior and posterior spinal roots at the cervical segments were examined quantitatively and compared with those of age-matched control subjects. On the amputation side, anterior horn cells, spinal ganglion cells and large myelinated fibers of the anterior and posterior roots were decreased in number. In addition, on the spared side, the medium-sized neurons of Rexed's lamina IX were shrunken, or decreased in number, and the number of small- and medium-sized myelinated fibers in the anterior roots was decreased. These findings indicate that the long-term effects of axonal amputation induce retrograde degeneration of the anterior horn and spinal ganglion cells on the amputation side, resulting in atrophy and a decrease of medium-sized neurons in the anterior horn even on the contralateral, spared side.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334679
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with a mutation in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 185-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Neuropathology ; Posterior column involvement ; Genetics ; Superoxide dismutase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several missense mutations within exons 1, 2, 4 and 5 of the gene for Cu/Zn-binding superoxide dismutase (SOD1) have been discovered to be involved in the development of chromosome 21q-linked familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). We describe here an autopsied patient with FALS, in whom we have recently identified a novel missense mutation in exon 1 of the SOD1 gene. The neuropathological findings were compatible with those described previously in patients with FALS with posterior column involvement. This suggests that mutations of the SOD1 gene may be responsible for this form of FALS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294513
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transganglionic gracile response following limb amputation in man (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 100 (2000), S. 469-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Neuroaxonal dystrophy ; Gracile nucleus ; Growth-associated protein-43 ; Neuropeptide ; Ubiquitin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gracile neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) is an distinctive morphological alteration of central projecting axon terminals of dorsal root ganglion neurons. Experimentally, lower limb amputation has been shown to accelerate the formation of gracile NAD, suggesting that the transganglionic response to peripheral axotomy may play a role in its development. To determine if a similar response occurs in the human sensory nervous system following peripheral nerve injury, we have performed postmortem histopathological examinations of the dorsal column nuclei of three patients (aged 15, 55, and 77 years old); all of whom had undergone accidental or therapeutic unilateral limb amputation (1 year, 38 years, and 1 year 8 months prior to death, respectively). In a 15-year-old man who underwent therapeutic leg amputation, the gracile nuclei on the transected side revealed reactive gliosis and many small axonal spheroids. The spheroids and fine neurites were immunolabelled with antibodies for growth-associated protein-43, ubiquitin and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Neither routine histological nor immunohistochemical methods demonstrated comparable changes in the contralateral gracile nucleus. In a 77-year-old man who underwent leg amputation, the gracile nucleus on the amputated side was gliotic and showed several NPY and ubiquitin-immunoreactive spheroids, which were not seen in the contralateral non-transected side. A 55-year-old man with a history of accidental arm amputation showed well-developed NAD in the cuneate nucleus only on the transected side. This study clearly demonstrates the occurrence of transganglionic response to limb amputation in human dorsal column nuclei. The extent of the regenerative and/or degenerative responses may vary depending on the age of the patient and the time interval following the peripheral axotomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010000210
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical and neuropathological aspects of autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 245 (1998), S. P4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Juvenile parkinsonism ; Autosomal recessive inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The onset of autosomal recessive-type parkinsonism is usually at a relatively young age (i.e. before the age of 40 years) and is thus called autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP). Here the clinical features, laboratory and imaging findings, neuropathological features, differential diagnosis and treatment options of AR-JP are described. We have treated 17 patients with AR-JP; they presented with sleep benefit in parkinsonian symptoms and foot dystonia as specific signs. The parkinsonian triad was mild, and the tremor was usually fine postural. A postural instability and adiadochokinesia were rather prominent. Gait freezing and hyperreflexia were frequently observed. The levodopa efficacy was sufficient and the clinical course was benign; however, choreic limb dyskinesia and the wearing-off phenomenon occurred easily. A neuropathological examination of one of the patients revealed that in the substantia nigra pars compacta and locus ceruleus, the number of neurons was low, and the content of neuromelanin in the neurons was small. There were focal degenerations (e.g. gliosis and extraneuronal free melanin) in the substantia nigra pars compacta. In addition, Lewy bodies were not found anywhere in the central nervous system. Considering these specific clinical and neuropathological findings, AR-JP seems to constitute one disease entity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007745
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