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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 30 (1952), S. 56-59 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 193 (1951), S. 99-117 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 30 (1952), S. 1023-1025 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach unspezifischer Belastung kommt es infolge der Stimulierung des Hypophysennebennierenrindensystems zu einer Hemmung der Zellteilungsfähigkeit im Thymus, die als quantitativer Test im Tierexperiment zum Nachweis einer Nebennierenrinden-Aktivierung verwandt werden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 495-500 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: T3-hyperthyroidism ; Endogenous labelling of T4 and T3 ; T4-deiodination ; T3-production ; r-T3-formation ; T3-Hyperthyreose ; Endogene Markierung von T4 und T3 ; T4-Dejodination ; T3-Produktion ; r-T3-Bildung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der T3-Hyperthyreose ist im Vergleich zu der T4/T3-Hyperthyreose nur das T3 erhöht, während das T4 und das r-T3 im Normbereich liegen. Die endogene Markierung des T4 ist auch bei der T3-Hyperthyreose erhöht, so daß eine vermehrte T4-Sekretion angenommen werden muß. Die normalen T4-Konzentrationen dürften aus einer verstärkten T4-Dejodination resultieren. Als Ursache für das hohe T3 bei gleichzeitig normalem r-T3 wird eine Richtungsumkehr der Dejodination des T4 zum T3 zu ungunsten des r-T3 diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary In contrast to T4/T3-hyperthyroidism, where T4, T3, and r-T3 serum concentrations (SC) are elevated, in T3-hyperthyroidism the T3-SC alone is increased, whereas T4-SC is normal and r-T3 may be decreased. Endogenous labelling of T4 with131I is increased in T3-hyperthyroidism similarly as in T4/T3-hyperthyroidism, clearly reflecting an increased thyroidal formation of T4 in T3-hyperthyroidism. The contradiction of a normal SC of T4 in the presence of enhanced thyroidal formation of T4 may be explained by increased peripheral T4-deiodination. Since in T3-hyperthyroidism T3-SC are elevated whereas r-T3-SC are decreased, there is good evidence for a shift in T4 conversion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Insulin ; C-peptide ; Diabetes ; Pituitary function ; Gastric acid secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of somatostatinoma syndrome in a 30-year-old woman is presented. Basal levels of growth hormone and of pancreatic and gastric hormones were reduced and the response of growth hormone, insulin and C-peptide to stimuli such as arginine, glucose, glibenclamide and calcium was virtually abolished. Similarly, gastric acid secretion, pancreatic exocrine function and intestinal absorption were significantly reduced. On the other hand, basal and stimulated levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were within the normal range. Plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was increased to 600 2,000 pg/ml (normal: 88–140 pg/ml). Immunocytochemical studies demonstrated the presence of somatostatin immunoreactive material in the primary tumour in the head of the pancreas and in the liver metastases. In spite of two courses of chemotherapy with streptozotocin and 5-fluorouracil the patient died due to liver failure 5 months after the first admission to hospital.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Diabetic neuropathy ; Adrenergic receptors ; Orthostatic hypotension ; β-Blocking agents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a 30-year-old male patient is reported. He was admitted to the hospital because of severe diabetic neuropathy, predominantly in the lower extremities. Signs of autonomic neuropathy were not evident but the patient had severe orthostatic hypotension. Circulating catecholamine concentrations were normal; however, the blood pressure response to infused norepinephrine was reduced ten-fold compared to a group of normals. An improvement of the blood pressure response to sympathomimetic drugs was accomplished during the simultaneous administration of propranolol, a β-receptor blocking agent. The present data suggest a possible defect of the adrenergic receptor system in response to sympathomimetic drugs while the release of catecholamines and the function of the parasympathetic nervous system appears to be intact. Treatment with β-blocking agents such as propranolol as an adjunct to sympathomimetics seems to be a promising approach which might deserve further consideration in similar cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 738-744 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Insulin infusion ; Artificial endocrine pancreas ; Glucose-controlled insulin infusion system ; Insulin therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In nine insulin-dependent diabetics postprandial glucose control under closed loop insulin infusion by an artificial endocrine pancreas was compared with that obtained under open loop infusion employing identical infusion profiles which were advanced 20 min by time in the case of open loop infusion. The earlier increase of insulin infusion rates in the latter case resulted in lower postprandial glucose concentrations during the first 90 min after meal intake. Incremental areas under the blood glucose curves during this time were significantly lower when insulin infusion rates rose earlier (4.5×103±0.5×103 vs 2.1×103±0.6×103 mg/dl×min;p〈0.02). Insulin was administered at maximum rates 45–50 min after the start of the meal during closed loop infusion (196±38 mU/min) and 25–30 min after the meal during open loop infusion (192±35 mU/min). Correspondingly, mean free insulin concentrations which are available from six patients rose to 135±47 (40 min) or 141±50 µU/ml (20 min). Glucagon levels did not differ between both parts of the study. It is concluded that increases of post-prandial insulin infusion rates occurring earlier than increases of blood glucose levels are important for optimizing glucose profiles and possibly reflect physiologic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Semisynthetic human insulin ; Biological potency ; Insulin hypoglycaemia ; Euglycaemic clamp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The biological potency of semisynthetic human insulin (Actrapid HM, Novo) and purified pork insulin (Actrapid MC, Novo) was assessed in normal and diabetic subjects. The blood glucose lowering effect and the related counter-regulatory response were initially tested in six healthy subjects who received an i.v. injection of 0.15 U/kg body weight of either insulin preparation. The attained insulin levels were very similar (peak at 15 min: HM 139±7, MC 129±7 µU/ml), as well as the resulting blood glucose curves. A prolonged suppression of C-peptide values was observed after injecting both preparations. The evoked counter-regulatory response [glucagon, growth hormone (GH), cortisol and catecholamines] showed minimal differences. Prolactin secretion was almost identical after HM and MC injection. A glucose clamp study was subsequently performed in six insulin-dependent diabetic (IDD) patients. Blood glucose levels were maintained at 80 mg/dl by the artificial pancreas during a 180 min infusion of MC or HM insulin (30 mU/kg/h). The amounts of dextrose infused during the last 60 min of the study were not significantly different (121±14 vs 137±11 mg/kg/h for MC and HM, respectively). It is clear from our results that at the dose levels used in this study, the biological potency of i.v. injected HM is very similar to that of MC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Secretin ; Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin ; Intestinal hormones ; Intestinal absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of natural secretin (90%) and synthetic secretin as well as impure (10%) and pure (99%) cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK) on net absorption of water, electrolytes, and glucose in human jejunum were studied in 31 normal subjects. An intestinal perfusion technique with a triple-lumen tube was used. Net absorption of water and solute was significantly inhibited by both hormones only with larger doses, pure CCK being less active than impure CCK. A dose-dependent response of water and electrolyte absorption to graded doses of pure CCK was observed, without concomitant inhibition of glucose absorption with lower doses. The findings suggest that secretin and CCK may not be of physiologic importance regarding intestinal absorption in man. The definite changes in intestinal motility and transit rate caused by these hormones seem more likely to result in a reduction of intestinal absorption and an increase in the secretion of water and electrolytes along the proximal small bowel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Oscillations ; Insulin ; Glucose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study was designed to determine the effect of low dose continuous and oscillatory intraportal insulin infusions upon subsequent glucose-induced insulin release. In overnight-fasted and anesthetized rats with indwelling catheters in the jugular vein, carotic artery, and mesenteric vein insulin was infused intraportally for 3 h via the mesenteric vein catheter at a continuous rate of 45 µU/kg·min, or the same amount of insulin was administered at alternating high (72 µU/kg·min) and low infusion rates (18 µU/kg·min), respectively, in 2-, 4-, 8-, and 16-min cycles (oscillatory infusions). Another group received a continuous infusion of saline. Glucose (0.4 g/kg) was given i.v. 30 min after the end of the insulin or saline infusion. During the 3-h infusion of insulin or saline the peripheral glucose level remained unchanged in all groups. In response to the i.v. glucose load peripheral arterial plasma insulin levels were significantly elevated after preceding oscillatory infusions compared to the continuous insulin infusion. As compared to the group receiving saline the glucose-induced insulin response after continuous insulin infusion was significantly reduced. The plasma glucose responses were not different except for inexplicably elevated glucose levels in the 4-min cycle group. No difference was observed for plasma glucagon levels in all groups. The present data demonstrate an augmented responsiveness of theβ-cell to glucose after a preceding oscillatory infusion of insulin and an impaired responsiveness to glucose after continuous insulin infusion. This indicates that an oscillatory insulin release might be of importance for an adequate regulation ofβ-cell function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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