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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 7 (1980), S. 457-463 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isotope dilution calibration curves for the quantitative analysis of organic compounds are determined at one point in time. Future analyses of unknowns are then referred to that single calibration. However, between the time that the calibration was performed and the time that the unknowns are analyzed, numerous changes in mass spectrometric operating conditions have often occurred. These include changes in resolution, mass discrimination, fragmentation patterns due to temperature changes, and electrometer offset. These changes will alter the mass spectrometric response and may reduce the accuracy and precision of the analysis. In order to investigate the effect of the above variations, a mathematical model has been developed which permits the influence of the operating conditions to be quantitated. The mass spectrometric response - i.e. isotope ratio - was very sensitive to changes in operating conditions. Changes in the isotope ratios of mixtures that were comprised predominantly of either the natural abundance compound or the labeled compound varied by up to 50%. However, the use of data reduction procedures that include a correction term for the isotope ratio of either or both of the natural abundance or labeled compound reduced the errors to 5% or less.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1982), S. 390-394 
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Geographic variations in the carbon isotope composition of the human diet and human hair were investigated. The carbon isotopic composition of common foodstufls purchased in Chicago, USA, Tokyo, Japan and Munich, FRG, were determined by combustion and differential isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The dietary protein carbon for the United States (-18.1‰) was calculated to be enriched in 13C relative to the Japanese (-21.2‰) and the German (-23.6‰) diets. To a large degree, the differences reflected the consumption of corn-fed animal products in the United States and Japan, as well as seafood in Japan. The carbon isotopic composition of hair (-16.4, -18.0 and -20.4%) for the three respective populations correlated with the calculated values of the dietary protein, but were 2-3% enriched in 13C. Changes in the isotopic composition of beard hair were shown to record the changes in dietary composition in travelers visiting the respective regions.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1984), S. 557-561 
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Natural differences in 13C/12C ratios of various metabolic fuels can produce systematic changes in the 13C/12C ratio of breath CO2, and therefore introduce errors into 13CO2 breath tests. To gain insight into the potential problem, we compared 13C/12C ratios of plasma macronutrients to those of breath CO2 under conditions that should alter the percentages of carbohydrate and lipid being oxidized. In rats, 48 h of starvation decreased the 13C/12C ratio of breath CO2 by 3.5‰. At this time the 13C/12C ratio of breath CO2 was very similar to that of plasma lipids. In humans, 30 min of heavy exercise increased the breath 13CO2/12CO2 ratio by 1.3‰. These changes in breath 13C/12C ratios could be predicted from 13C/12C ratios of plasma macronutrients and the percentage of carbon dioxide derived from each macronutrient, but only when compared within the same populations. For example, the 13C/12C ratios of plasma macronutrients of residents of Chicago, Illinois (USA) and Tokyo (Japan) differed by 1-3‰. An empirical correction of 13CO2 breath test data is recommended when breath tests are run under conditions that will change metabolic fuel utilization.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1982), S. 310-314 
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to determine the role of lactic acid as a metabolic substrate during exercise, the extent of its oxidation was studied using (13C)lactate under three different metabolic conditions in two subjects. During rest, easy exercise (work below the lactate inflection point), and hard exercise (work above the lactate inflection point), 100 mg of Na+-D,L(+)-2,3-(13C)lactate was injected via an indwelling catheter inserted in an antecubital vein. Blood as well as expired gas samples were collected up to 2 h post-injection. Subjects worked at average intensities of 53% and 74% VO2max during easy and hard exercise, respectively. During rest and easy exercise, blood lactate concentrations remained stable at 1-2 mM. During hard exercise, blood lactate increased to 3-4 times those observed at rest. Excretion of 13CO2 peaked much sooner and enrichment of 13C in CO2 was greater during both exercise intensities than during rest. Cumulative recovery of injected 13C as 13CO2 averaged 13.2 and 86.2% through 120 min during rest and easy exercise. Through 45 min of hard exercise, recovery of tracer as CO2 was the same as during a similar time point of easy exercise, 51.8%. The results support the contention that oxidation is the major fate of lactate during exercise.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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